scholarly journals Selective extraction of polymers from cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria (Short Communication)

1973 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiri G. Pavlik ◽  
Howard J. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Selective Extraction ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Teichoic Acids ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Teichuronic Acid

Brief heating of Bacillus Licheniformis cell walls at 100°C in aqueous buffers of pH3.0–4.0 removes some polymers but not others from the mucopeptides. For example, relatively undegraded teichuronic acid can be extracted at 100°C in 20min at pH3.0 whereas the teichoic acids are not removed. Similar specificity can be shown with walls from three other species of micro-organism.

scholarly journals The action of dilute aqueous NN-dimethylhydrazine on bacterial cell walls

1969 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Anderson ◽  
A. R. Archibald ◽  
J Baddiley ◽  
M. J. Curtis ◽  
N. Barbara Davey
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Bacterial Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Teichoic Acids ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Almost All

1. Walls of certain Gram-positive bacteria dissolved on incubation with dilute aqueous NN-dimethylhydrazine in the presence of air, by a reaction that probably involves free radicals. 2. Under the conditions described, the soluble products from the peptidoglycan were almost all non-diffusible. After brief incubation of walls of some organisms with reagent, part of the peptidoglycan component was obtained as a high-molecular-weight gel, the viscosity of which was rapidly decreased by incubation with lysozyme. 3. The extent to which peptidoglycan dissolved varied with different organisms, depending possibly on the extent of cross-linking, but the nature of the bonds that were destroyed has not been established. 4. Teichoic acids and polysaccharides were solubilized by this treatment and could be isolated in high overall yield. 5. The procedure is valuable in the examination of the distribution of heteropolymers in walls, and has been used to show that the polysaccharide present in walls of Lactobacillus arabinosus 17–5 is phosphorylated and may account for 20% of the total phosphate of the wall.

Microanatomy of the Periplasm of Bacillus Licheniformis

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 262-263
Author(s):  
B.K. Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Permeability Barrier ◽  
Periplasmic Space ◽  
Modified Technique ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Periplasm of bacteria is the space outside the permeability barrier of plasma membrane but enclosed by the cell wall. The contents of this special milieu exterior could be regulated by the plasma membrane from the internal, and by the cell wall from the external environment of the cell. Unlike the gram-negative organism, the presence of this space in gram-positive bacteria is still controversial because it cannot be clearly demonstrated. We have shown the importance of some periplasmic bodies in the secretion of penicillinase from Bacillus licheniformis.In negatively stained specimens prepared by a modified technique (Figs. 1 and 2), periplasmic space (PS) contained two kinds of structures: (i) fibrils (F, 100 Å) running perpendicular to the cell wall from the protoplast and (ii) an array of vesicles of various sizes (V), which seem to have evaginated from the protoplast.

scholarly journals Wall Teichoic Acids of Gram-Positive Bacteria

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 313-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Brown ◽  
John P. Santa Maria ◽  
Suzanne Walker
Keyword(s):  
Gram Positive ◽  
Teichoic Acids ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Wall Teichoic Acids

scholarly journals Sir James Baddiley. 15 May 1918 — 19 November 2008

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 3-23
Author(s):  
J. Grant Buchanan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphate ◽  
Bacterial Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Teichoic Acids ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Organic Chemist ◽  
And Function

James Baddiley was a biochemist who used the methods and insight of the organic chemist to answer important questions in biology, notably coenzyme structure and the structure and function of bacterial cell walls. A graduate of Manchester University, he moved to Cambridge in 1944 with A. R. Todd, where he synthesized adenosine triphosphate, the nucleotide concerned with essential energy transformations in all forms of life. As an independent researcher at the Lister Institute in London he elucidated the structure of coenzyme A and other coenzymes. He was appointed Professor of Organic Chemistry in Newcastle, where the exploration of the structures of two cytidine nucleotides led to the discovery of the teichoic acids, major components of the cell walls and membranes of Gram-positive bacteria. These discoveries were extended to cover the structures, biosynthesis, function and immunology of the teichoic acids. Baddiley became Professor of Chemical Microbiology in 1977. Moving to Cambridge after his retirement, he was able to continue his researches in the Department of Biochemistry. He was elected a Fellow of Pembroke College and as an elder statesman undertook extensive committee work, often as chairman, both in Cambridge University and nationally. He was knighted in 1977.

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