scholarly journals Sexual differences in galactose metabolism: galactosyl ceramide galactosidase and other galactosidases in mouse kidney

1973 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
pp. 1125-1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuh-Nan Lin ◽  
Norman S. Radin
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Mouse Kidney ◽  
Galactose Metabolism ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Galactosyl Ceramide

Male and female mice were compared at two ages, 15 and 50 days, with respect to the activities of three galactosidases in kidney. No sex difference in enzyme activity was seen in the young mice, but appreciable differences were found in the older animals. The male kidneys had about one-third higher specific activities of cerebroside β-galactosidase and nitrophenyl β-galactosidase, but there was no difference with nitrophenyl α-galactosidase. A listing and discussion of other galactose-metabolizing enzymes influenced by sex differences is presented.

scholarly journals Androgen sulphate formation in male and female mice

1969 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-493
Author(s):  
D A Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Liver Slices ◽  
Rats And Mice

1. After the administration of large doses of androsterone, epiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone and testosterone to mice, females excreted more of the dose conjugated with sulphuric acid than did males. 2. Liver slices from female mice conjugated androgens with sulphuric acid to a greater extent than did slices from males. 3. Sulphotransferase preparations from livers of female rats and mice catalysed the formation of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate at a faster rate than preparations from livers of the male animals. 4. A possible explanation for the observed sex differences is discussed.

scholarly journals Examining sex differences in the completeness of Peruvian CRVS data and adult mortality estimates

Genus ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Cruz Castanheira ◽  
José Henrique Costa Monteiro da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Death Registration ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Mortality Estimates

AbstractThe production, compilation, and publication of death registration records is complex and usually involves many institutions. Assessing available data and the evolution of the completeness of the data compiled based on demographic techniques and other available data sources is of great importance for countries and for having timely and disaggregated mortality estimates. In this paper, we assess whether it is reasonable, based on the available data, to assume that there is a sex difference in the completeness of male and female death records in Peru in the last 30 years. In addition, we assess how the gap may have evolved with time by applying two-census death distribution methods on health-related registries and analyzing the information from the Demographic and Health Surveys and civil registries. Our findings suggest that there is no significant sex difference in the completeness of male and female health-related registries and, consequently, the sex gap currently observed in adult mortality estimates might be overestimated.

Sex Differences in the Relation Between Frailty and Endothelial Dysfunction in Old Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jazmin A Cole ◽  
Mackenzie N Kehmeier ◽  
Bradley R Bedell ◽  
Sahana Krishna Kumaran ◽  
Grant D Henson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Vascular endothelial function declines with age on average, but there is high variability in the magnitude of this decline within populations. Measurements of frailty, known as frailty index (FI), can be used as surrogates for biological age, but it is unknown if frailty relates to the age-related decline in vascular function. To examine this relation, we studied young (4-9 months) and old (23-32 months) C57BL6 mice of both sexes. We found that FI was greater in old compared with young mice, but did not differ between old male and female mice. Middle cerebral artery (MCA) and mesenteric artery endothelium-dependent dilation (EDD) also did not differ between old male and female mice; however, there were sex differences in the relations between FI and EDD. For the MCA, FI was inversely related to EDD among old female mice, but not old male mice. In contrast, for the mesenteric artery, FI was inversely related to EDD among old male mice, but not old female mice. A higher FI was related to a greater improvement in EDD with the superoxide scavenger TEMPOL in the MCAs for old female mice and in the mesenteric arteries for old male mice. FI related to mesenteric artery gene expression negatively for extracellular superoxide dismutase (Sod3) and positively for interleukin-1β (Il1b). In summary, we found that the relation between frailty and endothelial function is dependent on sex and the artery examined. Arterial oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory signaling are potential mediators of the relations of frailty and endothelial function.

Abstract T P210: Splenectomy Attenuates Sex Differences in Infarct Volume Following Experimental Stroke in Mice

Stroke ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianming Wang ◽  
Sheetal Bodhankar ◽  
Halina Offner ◽  
Stephanie J Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Infarct Volume ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Experimental Stroke ◽  
Ischemic Brain Injury ◽  
Ischemic Brain ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice

It is now increasingly clear that human stroke can have other serious consequences besides brain damage that can impact on patient survival and recovery. For example, many stroke patients succumb to CNS injury-induced immunodepression and fatal infections. Our prior work suggests that evolving cerebral ischemic injury elicits a cycle of injury from brain-to-spleen-to-brain that is strongly influenced by sex. We determined if splenic immunocytes are important in contributing to sex differences in post-ischemic brain injury. Male and female C57BL/6J mice were splenectomized 14 days before experimental stroke. Male and female mice with or without splenectomy (n=9-10 per group) then underwent 60 min of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) via intraluminal filament. Laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF) was used to monitor cortical perfusion. All mice were euthanized and brains collected at 96 hours of reperfusion. Infarct volume (% corrected contralateral structure) was determined by image analysis of coronal brain slices stained with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride. Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), blood gases (pH, P a O 2 , P a CO 2 ), and blood glucose were measured at 30 min MCAO and at 15 min of reperfusion in separate groups of male and female mice with or without splenectomy (n=5 per group). Relative LDF changes (% baseline), MABP, blood gases, and blood glucose during and after MCAO were comparable among the experimental groups. We observed that infarct volume in females (cortex, 41±4%; striatum, 55±6%) was smaller ( P <0.05) compared to males (cortex, 52±3%; striatum, 75±3%) at 96 hours of reperfusion. However, no differences (cortex, P =0.313; striatum, P =0.601) in infarct volume were seen between splenectomized male (cortex, 43±4%; striatum, 51±7%) and female (cortex, 38±4%; striatum, 46±5%) mice. Our data suggest that removal of all splenocyte lineages via splenectomy attenuates sex differences in post-ischemic brain injury. Future studies will evaluate the role of different splenic immunocyte subsets, such as T or B lymphocytes, on male vs. female ischemic brain outcomes. This study was supported by National Institutes of Health grant NS076013.

The Contribution of Sex Difference on Different Liver Histopathology Between Male and Female Mice After Oral Administration of Caffeine

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sholikhuddin Nafi’ ◽  
Tri Hartini Yuliawati ◽  
Prijati Sri Irawati ◽  
Nurina Hasanatuludhhiyah
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Liver Cell ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Liver Histopathology ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference

Background : There are several studies reporting the effect of caffeine on liver histopathology, but it remains controversy. The laboratory animal used in those studies were predominantly male, whereas there is contribution of sex difference on different liver reaction to xenobiotic between male and female subject. Objective : It is necessary to conduct a study to explore the differences between the liver histopathology of male and female mice after oral administration of caffeine. Methods : This study used 36 mice (Mus musculus) that were divided into 4 groups: male & female untreated groups and male & female treated groups which were orally administered with caffeine 0.4 mg / 20 gramBW daily for 30 days. At the end of treatment, mice were euthanized and dissected. Histopathological examination was done to determine the percentage of  liver cell death of each group. Results: The percentage of liver cell deathin female treated group was higher than male treated group (p = 0.0001). But there was no significant difference of liver cells death between male control and treated group and between female control and treated group. Conclusion : There was significant difference in liver histopathology between male and female mice after oral administration of caffeine.

scholarly journals Sex differences in renal and metabolic responses to a high-fructose diet in mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 308 (5) ◽  
pp. F400-F410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikhil Sharma ◽  
Lijun Li ◽  
C. M. Ecelbarger
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Collecting Duct ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Thick Ascending Limb ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
High Fructose Diet ◽  
High Fructose

High fructose intake has been associated with increased incidences of renal disease and hypertension, among other pathologies. Most fructose is cleared by the portal system and metabolized in the liver; however, systemic levels of fructose can rise with increased consumption. We tested whether there were sex differences in the renal responses to a high-fructose diet in mice. Two-month-old male and female C57BL6/129/SV mice ( n = 6 mice per sex per treatment) were randomized to receive control or high-fructose (65% by weight) diets as pelleted chow ad libitum for 3 mo. Fructose feeding did not significantly affect body weight but led to a 19% and 10% increase in kidney weight in male and female mice, respectively. In male mice, fructose increased the expression (∼50%) of renal cortical proteins involved in metabolism, including glucose transporter 5 (facilitative fructose transporter), ketohexokinase, and the insulin receptor (β-subunit). Female mice had lower basal levels of glucose transporter 5, which were unresponsive to fructose. However, female mice had increased urine volume and plasma K+ and decreased plasma Na+ with fructose, whereas male mice were less affected. Likewise, female mice showed a two- to threefold reduction in the expression Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporter 2 in the thick ascending limb and aquaporin-2 in the collecting duct with fructose relative to female control mice, whereas male mice had no change. Overall, our results support greater proximal metabolism of fructose in male animals and greater distal tubule/collecting duct (electrolyte homeostasis) alterations in female animals. These sex differences may be important determinants of the specific nature of pathologies that develop in association with high fructose consumption.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in Nociceptor Translatomes Contribute to Divergent Prostaglandin Signaling in Male and Female Mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Tavares-Ferreira ◽  
Pradipta R. Ray ◽  
Ishwarya Sankaranarayanan ◽  
Galo L. Mejia ◽  
Andi Wangzhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice

scholarly journals Drug induction of hepatic glutathione S-transferases in male and female rats*

1975 ◽  
Vol 146 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Kaplowitz ◽  
J Kuhlekamp ◽  
G Clifton
Keyword(s):  
Female Rats ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Hepatic Glutathione ◽  
Drug Induction ◽  
Glutathione S Transferases ◽  
Proportional Increase ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Specific Activities

The induction of the glutathione S-transferases by phenobarbital and polycyclic hydrocarbons was studied in male and female rats. Administration of phenobarbital resulted in 60-80% increase in S-aryl and S-aralkyl enzyme specific activities, whereas the S-epoxide and S-alkyl activities were increased by 30-40%. In following the sequence of induction, the former two activities were noted to reach peak activities before an increase in the latter two activities was observed. Both 3-methylcholanthrene and 3,4-benzopyrene were shown toi nduce these four enzymic activities, although without the discrimination between pairs of activities noted with phenobarbital. No change in Km accompanied the increase in Vmax. after induction by drugs, and no change occurred in Ki for sulphobromophthalein inhibition. Significantly lower enzyme specific activities were found for three of the activities studied in female rats but no difference was observed in the S-alkyltransferase activity. However, the proportional increase in the enzymic activities in response to phenobarbital was the same in males and females. These studies demonstrate the drug induction of a group of cytosolic drug-metabolizing enzymes as well as the identification of sex differences in these activities.

Sex differences in spironolactone induction of rat intestinal and hepatic p-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronyltransferase

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 1385-1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana A. Catania ◽  
Marcelo G. Luquita ◽  
María C. Carrillo ◽  
Aldo D. Mottino
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Intestinal Tissue ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Percent Increase ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Related Response ◽  
Intestinal Enzyme

In the present study we analyzed the effect of spironolactone administration on hepatic and intestinal p-nitrophenol-UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity. We used microsomal preparations from male and female Wistar rats to establish whether or not this effect was sex dependent. Enzyme activity was measured in the presence of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a presumed physiological activator of the enzyme. Female but not male microsomes showed an increase in enzyme activity of both hepatic and intestinal tissue preparations in response to the inducer pretreatment. In addition, the inducer effect observed in female rats showed a tissue-related difference, since percent increase in the intestinal enzyme activity was greater than that in the liver (127 and 52%, respectively). These results suggest that factors regulating enzyme activity or mechanisms involved in the inducer effect of spironolactone could be different in the intestinal mucosa in comparison to the liver. A possible explanation of sex-related response to spironolactone administration was discussed.Key words: p-nitrophenol, UDP-glucuronyltransferase, spironolactone induction, sex differences.

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