The Contribution of Sex Difference on Different Liver Histopathology Between Male and Female Mice After Oral Administration of Caffeine

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sholikhuddin Nafi’ ◽  
Tri Hartini Yuliawati ◽  
Prijati Sri Irawati ◽  
Nurina Hasanatuludhhiyah
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Liver Cell ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Liver Histopathology ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference

Background : There are several studies reporting the effect of caffeine on liver histopathology, but it remains controversy. The laboratory animal used in those studies were predominantly male, whereas there is contribution of sex difference on different liver reaction to xenobiotic between male and female subject. Objective : It is necessary to conduct a study to explore the differences between the liver histopathology of male and female mice after oral administration of caffeine. Methods : This study used 36 mice (Mus musculus) that were divided into 4 groups: male & female untreated groups and male & female treated groups which were orally administered with caffeine 0.4 mg / 20 gramBW daily for 30 days. At the end of treatment, mice were euthanized and dissected. Histopathological examination was done to determine the percentage of  liver cell death of each group. Results: The percentage of liver cell deathin female treated group was higher than male treated group (p = 0.0001). But there was no significant difference of liver cells death between male control and treated group and between female control and treated group. Conclusion : There was significant difference in liver histopathology between male and female mice after oral administration of caffeine.

Abstract 411: Absence of Sexual Dimorphism in Isoproterenol-induced Cardiac Dysfunction in C57BL/6 Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 127 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne K Grant ◽  
Davis Seelig ◽  
Ibrahim Abdelgawad ◽  
Beshay Zordoky
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Hypertrophy ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Cardiac Dysfunction ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Adrenergic Stimulation ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Significant Difference

Sex-related differences in cardiovascular diseases are complex and highly context-dependent. The objective of this work was to comprehensively determine key sex differences in the response to acute and chronic adrenergic stimulation in C57Bl/6 mice. In the current work, there was no statistically significant difference in key echocardiographic parameters between male and female C57Bl/6 mice in response to acute adrenergic stimulation (a single sub-cutaneous dose of isoproterenol 10 mg/kg). After chronic adrenergic administration (sub-cutaneous injections of isoproterenol 10 mg/kg/day for 14 days), there was similar degree of cardiac dysfunction, cardiac hypertrophy, and myocardial fibrosis in male and female mice. Similarly, chronic isoproterenol administration induced hypertrophic and fibrotic genes in hearts of male and female mice to the same extent. Intriguingly, gonadectomy of male and female mice did not have a significant impact on isoproterenol-induced cardiac dysfunction as compared to sham-operated animals. In conclusion, the current work demonstrated lack of sex-related differences in isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy, dysfunction, and fibrosis in C57Bl/6 mice. This study challenges the conventional dogma of the detrimental cardiovascular effects of male sex hormones and the beneficial effects of female sex hormones.

scholarly journals Melatonin Inhibits Benzene-Induced Lipid Peroxidation in Rat Liver

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seema Sharma ◽  
Suresh Rana
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Melatonin Treatment ◽  
Liver Histopathology ◽  
Microsomal Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mitochondrial Lipid

Melatonin Inhibits Benzene-Induced Lipid Peroxidation in Rat LiverWe studied the antioxidative role of melatonin against benzene toxicity in rat liver. The inhibition of mitochondrial and microsomal lipid peroxidation differed between 24-hour (single-dose), 15-day, and 30-day treatments. Inhibition of mitochondrial lipid peroxidation was the highest after the single dose of melatonin, whereas highest microsomal inhibition was recorded after 30 days of melatonin treatment. No significant difference was recorded between 15-day and 30-day treatments. Cytochrome P 4502E1 (CYP 4502E1) activity declined after the single-dose and 15-day melatonin treatment in the benzene-treated group, but it rose again, though not significantly after 30 days of treatment. Liver histopathology generally supported these findings. Phenol concentration in the urine samples declined in melatonin and benzene-treated rats. Our results show that melatonin affects CYP 4502E1, which is responsible for benzene metabolism. Inhibition of its metabolism correlated with lower lipid peroxidation. In conclusion, melatonin was found to be protective against lipid peroxidation induced by benzene.

scholarly journals Acute Toxicity Evaluation of a Crude Sap Isolated from Nypa fruticants Wurmb. in Sprague Dawley Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-721
Author(s):  
SITI FATIMAH ROQIAH YAHAYA ◽  
NIZA SAMSUDDIN ◽  
SUHANA MAMAT ◽  
ROZITA HOD ◽  
NOR ZAMZILA ABDULLAH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Full Blood Count ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Significant Difference

Nypa fruticans Wurmb. (nipa palm) sap, locally known as air nira or tuak, is a sweet natural beverage in Malaysia with antioxidant potency beneficial for human health. However, nypa sap lacks scientific attention with no toxicity study has been established. Therefore, this study was performed to evaluate the acute toxicity of nypa sap in the female Sprague Dawley rats. Twenty-five female rats were randomly divided into one control group and four treated groups. Treated groups were orally administered with doses of 5, 50, 300, and 2000 mg/kg of nypa sap, while the control group had received normal saline solution. The animals’ vital signs and mortality were recorded daily at an interval of 30 min and continued up to 14 days. Their blood samples and organs were harvested for toxicity analysis to assess liver and kidney function, lipid profile, and full blood count. The acute toxicity test via measurement of the biochemical and haematological parameters had shown that there was no significant difference between the treated and control groups. However, the blood glucose level in the treated groups (at higher doses of 300 and 2000 mg/kg, respectively) was significantly decreased. A similar trend was recorded for mean corpuscular volume (MCV) albeit in the treated group of 50 mg/kg doses. Histopathological examination of the organs showed no signs of abnormality in both treated and untreated groups. Overall, the results showed that consumption of nypa sap is potentially safe with no acute toxic effect on the laboratory rat models.

scholarly journals Gender-Related Impact of Sclerostin Antibody on Bone in the Osteogenesis Imperfecta Mouse

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mickaël Cardinal ◽  
Antoine Chretien ◽  
Thomas Roels ◽  
Sébastien Lafont ◽  
Michael S. Ominsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osteogenesis Imperfecta ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Bone Parameters ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sclerostin Antibody

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), which is most often due to a collagen type 1 gene mutation, is characterized by low bone density and bone fragility. In OI patients, gender-related differences were reported, but data in the literature are not convergent. We previously observed that sclerostin antibody (Scl-Ab), which stimulates osteoblast Wnt pathway via sclerostin inactivation, improved spine and long-bone parameters and biomechanical strength in female oim/oim mice, a validated model of human type 3 OI. Here, we wanted to highlight the effect of Scl-Ab on male oim/oim bones in order to identify a possible distinct therapeutic effect from that observed in females. According to the same protocol as our previous study with female mice, male wild-type (Wt) and oim/oim mice received vehicle or Scl-Ab from 5 to 14 weeks of age. Clinimetric and quantitative bone parameters were studied using X-rays, peripheral quantitative computed tomography, microradiography, and dynamic histomorphometry and compared to those of females. Contrary to Wt mice, male oim/oim had significantly lower weight, snout–sacrum length, and bone mineral content than females at 5 weeks. No significant difference in these clinimetric parameters was observed at 14 weeks, whereas male oim showed significantly more long-bone fractures than females. Scl-Ab improved bone mineral density and bone volume/total volume ratio (BV/TV) of vertebral body in Wt and oim/oim, without significant difference between male and female at 14 weeks. Male vehicle oim/oim had a significantly lower cortical thickness (Ct.Th) and BV/TV of tibial diaphysis than female and showed a higher number of fractures at 14 weeks. Scl-Ab increased midshaft periosteal apposition rate in such a way that tibial Ct.Th of male oim/oim was not significantly different from the female one at 14 weeks. The number of fractures was lower in male than female oim/oim after 14 weeks of Scl-Ab treatment, but this difference was not significant. Nevertheless, Scl-Ab–treated oim/oim male and female mice remained smaller than the Wt ones. In conclusion, our results highlighted differences between male and female oim/oim at 4 and 14 weeks of age, as well as some male-specific response of cortical bone to Scl-Ab. These gender-related particularities of oim/oim should be considered when testing experimental treatments.

scholarly journals Biochemical and Histopathological Effects on Liver Profile due to Acute and Subacute Oral Toxicity of Somina on Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
Aisha Azmat ◽  
Muhammad Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Toxicological Effect ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Background: Limited research studies are reported regarding the toxicological effect of different herbal medicine already used in different countries. Objective: This research study was planned to examine the changes in liver (biochemical and histological) associated with oral administration of somina (acute and sub-acute) in rats. Methodology: Group– I served as control (saline), while other groups (II, III) were daily treated with somina at different doses of 0.285g/kg (group – II), 10g/kg/day (group – III), for 14 (set I), 21 (set II), and 30 (set III) consecutive days.  Each group contains 12 rats. During the study period, signs and behavioral changes, mortality, were observed. At the end of study period, blood sample was drawn directly from heart, for the estimation of liver enzymes: Bilirubin (BIL), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum glutamic pyruvic transferase (SGPT), aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT), Albumin (ALB) and total protein (TP). The liver was carefully dichotomized, weighed, and further processed for histopathological analysis. Results: Herbal drug somina was claimed to be practically non-toxic as in rats no mortality was recorded after the oral administration of somina (14, 21 and 30 consecutive days). Liver profile showed non-significant changes in treated group- II and III (P > 0.05), as compared to the control (group- I). The histopathological examination did not reveal any deteriorative effect. Conclusion: It was concluded that oral administration of somina did not produce any significant detrimental effects on rat liver (biochemical and histopathological parameters), even at doses of 10g/kg/day indicating its safe use.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Cassava Leaf Extract on Gentamicin-Induced Hepatotoxity In Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Rosita Dewi ◽  
Rena Normasari
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Liver Cell ◽  
Microscopic Observation ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Liver Histopathology ◽  
Antioxidant Defence System ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Gentamicin usage can cause the damage of liver structure and function. The basic mechanism inducing liver damage from gentamicin is lipid peroxidation in cell membrane and the suppresion of antioxidant defence system in liver. Antioxidant in cassava leaf such as vitamin C, carotene, flavonoid, dan mineral can protect liver from drug toxicity effect. This research aimed to determine hepatoprotective effect of cassava leaf through microscopic observation of liver histopathology slide of mice induced by gentamicin. The research design was post test only control group design. Mice were divided into five groups, normal group, positive control (gentamicin 80 mg/kg b.w.); P1, P2, and P3 (gentamicin 80 mg/kg b.w. and cassava leaf extract 150 mg/kg b.w., 300 mg/kg b.w., 450 mg/kg b.w. respectively, for 14 days). The average score of liver cell damage was determined by microscopic observation of 200 liver cells undergoing parenchymal degeneration, hidrophic degeneration, and necrosis. One Way Anova analysis showed significant difference among the groups (p<0,05) and Post Hoc Tukey HSD test showed that cassava leaf extract at the dose level of 450 mg/kg b.w. resulted significant liver cell characteristic improvement in liver histophatology slide (p<0,05) compared to positive control group. It could be concluded that cassava leaf extract had protective effect on gentamicin-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Keywords: cassava leaf extract, hepatotoxicity, gentamicin, liver histopathology

scholarly journals DNA Ploidy and Liver Cell Dysplasia in Liver Biopsies from Patients with Liver Cirrhosis

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayed S El-Sayed ◽  
Mohamed El-Sadany ◽  
Ashraf A Tabll ◽  
Ahmad Soltan ◽  
Ibrahim El-Dosoky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Liver Cell ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Dna Ploidy ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Dna Index ◽  
Dna Ploidy Pattern ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Liver Cell Dysplasia ◽  
Liver Biopsies

There is controversy among pathologists when assessing the presence or absence of liver cell dysplasia in liver biopsies taken from cirrhotic patients. The objective of the present study was to determine the DNA ploidy pattern of hepatocytes of patients with liver cirrhosis and its relationship to liver cell dysplasia. A total of 48 male patients diagnosed with liver cirrhosis based on clinical, laboratory and histopathological criteria were included in the study. A liver biopsy was taken from each patient; one part of the biopsy was subjected to histopathology, and the other to flow cytometry. The histopathological examination revealed liver cell dysplasia in 60% of patients with liver cirrhosis (62% of them had large cell dysplasia [LCD] and 38% had small cell dysplasia [SCD]). Abnormal DNA content (aneuploidy) was found in 81.5% of positive liver cell dysplasia specimens and found only in 11.1% of negative liver cell dysplasia specimens, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.001). Aneuploidy was found more commonly in LCD but without significant difference (P>0.05) in comparison with SCD. In conclusion, SCD (similar to LCD) is also associated with aneuploidy and elevated DNA index, and may carry the same risk for progression to hepatocellular carcinoma.

scholarly journals Migraine-relevant sex-dependent activation of mouse meningeal afferents by TRPM3 agonists

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Krivoshein ◽  
E. A. Tolner ◽  
van den Maagdenberg AMJM ◽  
R. A. Giniatullin
Keyword(s):  
Sex Difference ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Trpv1 Channels ◽  
Migraine Pain ◽  
Transient Receptor

Abstract Background Migraine is a common brain disorder that predominantly affects women. Migraine pain seems mediated by the activation of mechanosensitive channels in meningeal afferents. Given the role of transient receptor potential melastatin 3 (TRPM3) channels in mechanical activation, as well as hormonal regulation, these channels may play a role in the sex difference in migraine. Therefore, we investigated whether nociceptive firing induced by TRPM3 channel agonists in meningeal afferents was different between male and female mice. In addition, we assessed the relative contribution of mechanosensitive TRPM3 channels and that of mechanosensitive Piezo1 channels and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels to nociceptive firing relevant to migraine in both sexes. Methods Ten- to 13-week-old male and female wildtype (WT) C57BL/6 J mice were used. Nociceptive spikes were recorded directly from nerve terminals in the meninges in the hemiskull preparations. Results Selective agonists of TRPM3 channels profoundly activated peripheral trigeminal nerve fibres in mouse meninges. A sex difference was observed for nociceptive firing induced by either PregS or CIM0216, both agonists of TRPM3 channels, with the induced firing being particularly prominent for female mice. Application of Yoda1, an agonist of Piezo1 channels, or capsaicin activating TRPV1 channels, although also leading to increased nociceptive firing of meningeal fibres, did not reveal a sex difference. Cluster analyses of spike activities indicated a massive and long-lasting activation of TRPM3 channels with preferential induction of large-amplitude spikes in female mice. Additional spectral analysis revealed ​a dominant contribution of spiking activity in the α- and β-ranges following TRPM3 agonists in female mice. Conclusions Together, we revealed a specific mechanosensitive profile of nociceptive firing in females and suggest TRPM3 channels as a potential novel candidate for the generation of migraine pain, with particular relevance to females.

scholarly journals Sex Difference In Kidney Electrolyte Transport III: Impact of Low K intake on Thiazide‐Sensitive Cation Excretion in Male and Female Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Shuhua Xu ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Lei Yang ◽  
Claire J. Wang ◽  
Tommy Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Difference ◽  
Electrolyte Transport ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Low K
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