scholarly journals Fip-vvo, a new fungal immunomodulatory protein isolated from Volvariella volvacea

1997 ◽  
Vol 323 (2) ◽  
pp. 557-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao-Chi HSU ◽  
Chyong-Ing HSU ◽  
Rong-Hwa LIN ◽  
Chian-Liang KAO ◽  
Jung-Yaw LIN
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Protein Sequencing ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Volvariella Volvacea ◽  
Blocking Group ◽  
Calculated Molecular Mass ◽  
Fungal Immunomodulatory Protein ◽  
Immunomodulatory Protein ◽  
Single Polypeptide

A new fungal immunomodulatory protein (Fip) has been purified from the edible mushroom, Volvariella volvacea, and designated Fip-vvo. Analysis of the purified protein by SDS/PAGE followed by Coomassie Blue staining demonstrated that Fip-vvo is a single polypeptide with an apparent molecular mass of 15 kDa. Periodic acid/Schiff staining showed that this single polypeptide lacks carbohydrates. Using an in vitro bioassay measuring blast-formation stimulatory activity, Fip-vvo was shown to stimulate the maximum proliferation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes at a concentration of 5 μg/ml. Fip-vvo was capable of agglutinating rat red blood cells. Neither haemagglutination nor mitogenic activities were inhibited by mono- or dimeric sugars. In vivo, repeat administration of Fip-vvo greatly reduced the production of BSA-induced Arthus reaction in mice, whereas little effect was observed on the prevention of systemic anaphylaxis reactions. The selectively enhanced transcriptional expression of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, interferon-γ, tumour necrosis factor-α, lymphotoxin and IL-2 receptor by Fip-vvo was also demonstrated by reverse transcriptase-PCR. This finding suggests that Fip-vvo exerts its immunomodulatory effects via cytokine regulation. In addition, the complete amino acid sequence of Fip-vvo was obtained by direct protein sequencing. This protein consists of 112 amino acid residues with a blocked N-terminal end and has a calculated molecular mass of 12667 Da not including the N-terminal blocking group. By gel filtration analysis, Fip-vvo exhibited a molecular mass of 26 kDa for the native molecules in PBS. This result indicates that native Fip-vvo is most likely a non-covalently associated homodimeric molecule.

scholarly journals Identification and Analysis of Genes Involved in Anaerobic Toluene Metabolism by Strain T1: Putative Role of a Glycine Free Radical

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1650-1656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter W. Coschigano ◽  
Thomas S. Wehrman ◽  
L. Y. Young
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Cysteine Residue ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Pyruvate Formate Lyase ◽  
Calculated Molecular Mass ◽  
Acid Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Protein

ABSTRACT The denitrifying strain T1 is able to grow with toluene serving as its sole carbon source. Two mutants which have defects in this toluene utilization pathway have been characterized. A clone has been isolated, and subclones which contain tutD and tutE, two genes in the T1 toluene metabolic pathway, have been generated. ThetutD gene codes for an 864-amino-acid protein with a calculated molecular mass of 97,600 Da. The tutE gene codes for a 375-amino-acid protein with a calculated molecular mass of 41,300 Da. Two additional small open reading frames have been identified, but their role is not known. The TutE protein has homology to pyruvate formate-lyase activating enzymes. The TutD protein has homology to pyruvate formate-lyase enzymes, including a conserved cysteine residue at the active site and a conserved glycine residue that is activated to a free radical in this enzyme. Site-directed mutagenesis of these two conserved amino acids shows that they are also essential for the function of TutD.

scholarly journals Cloning and characterization of a Schistosoma mansoni 1H and 30S clones as two tegumental vaccine candidate antigens.

2003 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 269-278
Author(s):  
Amr M Shabaan ◽  
Magdy M Mohamed ◽  
Mohga S Abdallah ◽  
Hayat M Ibrahim ◽  
Amr M Karim
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Fusion Protein ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Complete Sequence ◽  
Cdna Clones ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Calculated Molecular Mass ◽  
Reading Frame

Two Schistosoma mansoni cDNA clones 30S and 1H were identified by immunoscreening of sporocyst lambdagt11 library and by random sequencing of clones from lambdaZap libraries, respectively. Clone 30S was one of 30 clones identified by an antibody raised against tegument of 3-h schistosomules. The clone was found to encode an 81 amino-acid protein fragment. It was expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein of calculated molecular mass of about 35 kDa with C-terminus of Schistosoma japonicum glutathione-S-transferase (Sj26; about 26 kDa). The recombinant fusion protein was specifically recognized by serum of rabbits immunized with irradiated cercariae. Clone 1H is one of 76 expressed sequence tags derived from an adult worm library. It encodes the complete sequence of a tegumental membrane protein, Sm13. The 104 amino-acid open reading frame encodes a protein with a calculated molecular mass of about 11.9 kDa. Clone 1H was expressed in E. coli as an insoluble fusion protein with Sj26 of about 40 kDa. In Western blots, the fusion protein was recognized by serum from rabbits vaccinated with irradiated cercariae but not by preimmune rabbit sera. The cloning, characterization and expression of those proteins are therefore potentially usefull for vaccine development.

scholarly journals Collagenolytic Serine-Carboxyl Proteinase from Alicyclobacillus sendaiensis Strain NTAP-1: Purification, Characterization, Gene Cloning, and Heterologous Expression

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Tsuruoka ◽  
Toru Nakayama ◽  
Masako Ashida ◽  
Hisashi Hemmi ◽  
Masahiro Nakao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heterologous Expression ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Gene Cloning ◽  
Collagen Type I ◽  
Protein Sequencing ◽  
Collagenolytic Activity ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Type I ◽  
Calculated Molecular Mass ◽  
Collagen Peptides

ABSTRACT Enzymatic degradation of collagen produces peptides, the collagen peptides, which show a variety of bioactivities of industrial interest. Alicyclobacillus sendaiensis strain NTAP-1, a slightly thermophilic, acidophilic bacterium, extracellularly produces a novel thermostable collagenolytic activity, which exhibits its optimum at the acidic region (pH 3.9) and is potentially applicable to the efficient production of such peptides. Here, we describe the purification to homogeneity, characterization, gene cloning, and heterologous expression of this enzyme, which we call ScpA. Purified ScpA is a monomeric, pepstatin-insensitive carboxyl proteinase with a molecular mass of 37 kDa which exhibited the highest reactivity toward collagen (type I, from a bovine Achilles tendon) among the macromolecular substrates examined. On the basis of the sequences of the peptides obtained by digestion of collagen with ScpA, the following synthetic peptides were designed as substrates for ScpA and kinetically analyzed: Phe-Gly-Pro-Ala*Gly-Pro-Ile-Gly (k cat, 5.41 s−1; Km , 32 μM) and Met-Gly-Pro-Arg*Gly-Phe-Pro-Gly-Ser (k cat, 351 s−1; Km , 214 μM), where the asterisks denote the scissile bonds. The cloned scpA gene encoded a protein of 553 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 57,167 Da. Heterologous expression of the scpA gene in the Escherichia coli cells yielded a mature 37-kDa species after a two-step proteolytic cleavage of the precursor protein. Sequencing of the scpA gene revealed that ScpA was a collagenolytic member of the serine-carboxyl proteinase family (the S53 family according to the MEROPS database), which is a recently identified proteinase family on the basis of crystallography results. Unexpectedly, ScpA was highly similar to a member of this family, kumamolysin, whose specificity toward macromolecular substrates has not been defined.

scholarly journals Characterization of an Immunogenic Outer Membrane Autotransporter Protein, Arp, of Bartonella henselae

2007 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 5255-5263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Litwin ◽  
Mindy L. Rawlins ◽  
Erica M. Swenson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Bartonella Henselae ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Passenger Domain ◽  
Calculated Molecular Mass ◽  
Reading Frame

ABSTRACT Bartonella henselae is a recently recognized pathogenic bacterium associated with cat scratch disease, bacillary angiomatosis, and bacillary peliosis. This study describes the cloning, sequencing, and characterization of an antigenic autotransporter gene from B. henselae. A cloned 6.0-kb BclI-EcoRI DNA fragment expresses a 120-kDa B. henselae protein immunoreactive with 21.2% of sera from patients positive for B. henselae immunoglobulin G antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence, with 97.3% specificity and no cross-reactivity with antibodies against various other organisms. DNA sequencing of the clone revealed one open reading frame of 4,320 bp with a deduced amino acid sequence that shows homology to the family of autotransporters. The autotransporters are a group of proteins that mediate their own export through the outer membrane and consist of a passenger region, the α-domain, and an outer membrane transporter region, the β-domain. The passenger domain shows homology to a family of pertactin-like adhesion proteins and contains seven, nearly identical 48-amino-acid repeats not found in any other bacterial or Bartonella DNA sequences. The passenger α-domain has a calculated molecular mass of 117 kDa, and the transporter β-domain has a calculated molecular mass of 36 kDa. The clone expresses a 120-kDa protein and a protein that migrates at approximately 38 kDa exclusively in the outer membrane protein fraction, suggesting that the 120-kDa passenger protein remains associated with the outer membrane after cleavage from the 36-kDa transporter.

scholarly journals Characterization and Molecular Cloning of a Novel Enzyme, Inorganic Polyphosphate/ATP-Glucomannokinase, of Arthrobacter sp. Strain KM

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 3849-3857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takako Mukai ◽  
Shigeyuki Kawai ◽  
Hirokazu Matsukawa ◽  
Yuhsi Matuo ◽  
Kousaku Murata
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Cell Extract ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Nad Kinase ◽  
Inorganic Polyphosphate ◽  
Homologous Proteins ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Calculated Molecular Mass ◽  
Reading Frame

ABSTRACT A bacterium exhibiting activities of several inorganic polyphosphate [poly(P)]- and ATP-dependent kinases, including glucokinase, NAD kinase, mannokinase, and fructokinase, was isolated, determined to belong to the genus Arthrobacter, and designated Arthrobacter sp. strain KM. Among the kinases, a novel enzyme responsible for the poly(P)- and ATP-dependent mannokinase activities was purified 2,200-fold to homogeneity from a cell extract of the bacterium. The purified enzyme was a monomer with a molecular mass of 30 kDa. This enzyme phosphorylated glucose and mannose with a high affinity for glucose, utilizing poly(P) as well as ATP, and was designated poly(P)/ATP-glucomannokinase. The K m values of the enzyme for glucose, mannose, ATP, and hexametaphosphate were determined to be 0.50, 15, 0.20, and 0.02 mM, respectively. The catalytic sites for poly(P)-dependent phosphorylation and ATP-dependent phosphorylation of the enzyme were found to be shared, and the poly(P)-utilizing mechanism of the enzyme was shown to be nonprocessive. The gene encoding the poly(P)/ATP-glucomannokinase was cloned from Arthrobacter sp. strain KM, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. This gene contained an open reading frame consisting of 804 bp coding for a putative polypeptide with a calculated molecular mass of 29,480 Da. The deduced amino acid sequence of the polypeptide exhibited homology to the amino acid sequences of the poly(P)/ATP-glucokinase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (level of homology, 45%), ATP-dependent glucokinases of Corynebacterium glutamicum (45%), Renibacterium salmoninarum (45%), and Bacillus subtilis (35%), and proteins of bacteria belonging to the order Actinomyces whose functions are not known. Alignment of these homologous proteins revealed seven conserved regions. The mannose and poly(P) binding sites of poly(P)/ATP-glucomannokinase are discussed.

scholarly journals The amino acid sequence of cytochrome c from Helix aspersa Müller (garden snail)

1972 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 971-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Brown ◽  
M. Richardson ◽  
D. Boulter ◽  
J. A. M. Ramshaw ◽  
R. P. S. Jefferies
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Blocking Group ◽  
Single Polypeptide Chain ◽  
Cytochromes C ◽  
Lending Library ◽  
Single Polypeptide ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochromes

The amino acid sequence of a snail cytochrome c has been determined. The molecule consists of a single polypeptide chain of 104 residues, and is homologous with other mitochondrial cytochromes c. Unlike the cytochromes c from vertebrates, there is no acetyl blocking group at the N-terminus. A change in an otherwise invariant position has been observed in position 87. Comparison with amino acid sequences of cytochromes c from other sources indicates that the point of divergence of the molluscs and the vertebrates in evolutionary time was 720 million years ago. Experimental details are given in a supplementary paper that has been deposited as Supplementary Publication SUP 50009 at the National Lending Library for Science and Technology, Boston Spa, Yorks. LS23 7BQ, U.K., from whom copies can be obtained on the terms indicated in Biochem. J. (1972), 126, 5.

scholarly journals The Enhancing Effect of Fungal Immunomodulatory Protein-Volvariella Volvacea (FIP-vvo) on Maturation and Function of Mouse Dendritic Cells

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 471
Author(s):  
Ju-Pi Li ◽  
Yi-Pang Lee ◽  
Jung-Chein Ma ◽  
Betty-Revon Liu ◽  
Nien-Tsu Hsieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Human Health ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Volvariella Volvacea ◽  
Fungal Immunomodulatory Protein ◽  
Immunomodulatory Protein ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dc Maturation

Volvariella volvacea, also known as straw mushroom, is a common edible mushroom in Chinese cuisine. It contains many nutrients for human health. A fungal immunomodulatory protein (FIP) has been isolated from V. volvacea and named FIP-vvo. Although the regulatory effects of many FIPs on immunity have been identified, the impact of FIP-vvo in modulating dendritic cells (DCs), which play a key role to connect the innate and the adaptive immunity, is not known. In this study, we aim to study the effect of FIP-vvo on the DC maturation and function. We found that FIP-vvo slightly increased the generation of CD11c+ bone marrow-derived DC (BMDC). In addition, the surface expression of MHCII was promoted in BMDCs after the treatment of FIP-vvo, suggesting that FIP-vvo induces DC maturation. Furthermore, FIP-vvo enhanced the ability of BMDCs to activate antigen-specific T cell responses in vitro. In the in vivo study, the FIP-vvo treatment facilitated T cell response in lymph nodes. Therefore, for the first time, our data demonstrated that FIP-vvo promoted DC maturation and function and suggested that FIP-vvo could have benefits for human health by enhancing immunity.

scholarly journals TLXI, a novel type of xylanase inhibitor from wheat (Triticum aestivum) belonging to the thaumatin family

2007 ◽  
Vol 403 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Fierens ◽  
Sigrid Rombouts ◽  
Kurt Gebruers ◽  
Hans Goesaert ◽  
Kristof Brijs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Glycoside Hydrolase ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Glycoside Hydrolase Family ◽  
Calculated Molecular Mass ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Xylanase Inhibitor ◽  
Hydrolase Family

Wheat (Triticum aestivum) contains a previously unknown type of xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8) inhibitor, which is described in the present paper for the first time. Based on its >60% similarity to TLPs (thaumatin-like proteins) and the fact that it contains the Prosite PS00316 thaumatin family signature, it is referred to as TLXI (thaumatin-like xylanase inhibitor). TLXI is a basic (pI≥9.3 in isoelectric focusing) protein with a molecular mass of approx. 18–kDa (determined by SDS/PAGE) and it occurs in wheat with varying extents of glycosylation. The TLXI gene sequence encodes a 26-amino-acid signal sequence followed by a 151-amino-acid mature protein with a calculated molecular mass of 15.6–kDa and pI of 8.38. The mature TLXI protein was expressed successfully in Pichia pastoris, resulting in a 21–kDa (determined by SDS/PAGE) recombinant protein (rTLXI). Polyclonal antibodies raised against TLXI purified from wheat react with epitopes of rTLXI as well as with those of thaumatin, demonstrating high structural similarity between these three proteins. TLXI has a unique inhibition specificity. It is a non-competitive inhibitor of a number of glycoside hydrolase family 11 xylanases, but it is inactive towards glycoside hydrolase family 10 xylanases. Progress curves show that TLXI is a slow tight-binding inhibitor, with a Ki of approx. 60–nM. Except for zeamatin, an α-amylase/trypsin inhibitor from maize (Zea mays), no other enzyme inhibitor is currently known among the TLPs. TLXI thus represents a novel type of inhibitor within this group of proteins.

A novel mammalian Ras GTPase-activating protein which has phospholipid-binding and Btk homology regions

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 6879-6885
Author(s):  
M Maekawa ◽  
S Li ◽  
A Iwamatsu ◽  
T Morishita ◽  
K Yokota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Catalytic Domain ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Gtpase Activating Protein ◽  
Calculated Molecular Mass ◽  
Phospholipid Binding ◽  
Degree Of Similarity

We have previously purified a novel GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for Ras which is immunologically distinct from the known Ras GAPs, p120GAP and neurofibromin (M. Maekawa, S. Nakamura, and S. Hattori, J. Biol. Chem. 268:22948-22952, 1993). On the basis of the partial amino acid sequence, we have obtained a cDNA which encodes the novel Ras GAP. The predicted protein consists of 847 amino acids whose calculated molecular mass, 96,369 Da, is close to the apparent molecular mass of the novel Ras GAP, 100 kDa. The amino acid sequence shows a high degree of similarity to the entire sequence of the Drosophila melanogaster Gap1 gene. When the catalytic domain of the novel GAP was compared with that of Drosophila Gap1, p120GAP, and neurofibromin, the highest degree of similarity was again observed with Gap1. Thus, we designated this gene Gap1m, a mammalian counterpart of the Drosophila Gap1 gene. Expression of Gap1m was relatively high in brain, placenta, and kidney tissues, and it was expressed at low levels in other tissues. A recombinant protein consisting of glutathione-S-transferase and the GAP-related domain of Gap1m stimulated GTPase of normal Ras but not that of Ras having valine at the 12th residue. Expression of the same region in Saccharomyces cerevisiae suppressed the ira2- phenotype. In addition to the GAP catalytic domain, Gap1m has two domains with sequence closely related to those of the phospholipid-binding domain of synaptotagmin and a region with similarity to the unique domain of Btk tyrosine kinase. These results clearly show that Gap1m is a novel Ras GAP molecule of mammalian cells.

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