Apolipoprotein E includes a binding site which is recognized by several amyloidogenic polypeptides

2000 ◽  
Vol 349 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc H. BAUMANN ◽  
Jukka KALLIJÄRVI ◽  
Hilkka LANKINEN ◽  
Claudio SOTO ◽  
Matti HALTIA
Keyword(s):  
Apolipoprotein E ◽  
Binding Site ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Prion Diseases ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Structural Motif ◽  
Amyloid Β Peptide ◽  
High Avidity ◽  
Amyloidogenic Protein

Inheritance of the apolipoprotein E (apoE) ϵ4 allele is a risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Biochemically apoE is present in AD plaques and neurofibrillary tangles of the AD brain. There is a high avidity and specific binding of apoE and the amyloid β-peptide (Aβ). In addition to AD apoE is also present in many other cerebral and systemic amyloidoses, Down's syndrome and prion diseases but the pathophysiological basis for its presence is still unknown. In the present study we have compared the interaction of apoE with Aβ, the gelsolin-derived amyloid fragment AGel183-210 and the amyloidogenic prion fragments PrP109-122 and PrP109-141. We show that, similar to Aβ, also AGel and PrP fragments can form a complex with apoE, and that the interaction between apoE and the amyloidogenic protein fragments is mediated through the same binding site on apoE. We also show that apoE increases the thioflavin-T fluorescence of PrP and AGel and that apoE influences the content of β-sheet conformation of these amyloidogenic fragments. Our results indicate that amyloids and amyloidogenic prion fragments share a similar structural motif, which is recognized by apoE, possibly through a single binding site, and that this motif is also responsible for the amyloidogenicity of these fragments.

Therapeutics in Alzheimer's and Prion Diseases

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 574-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Wisniewski ◽  
D. R. Brown ◽  
E. M. Sigurdsson
Keyword(s):  
Protein Conformation ◽  
Prion Diseases ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Critical Event ◽  
Amyloid Β Peptide ◽  
Immune System Activation ◽  
Amyloidogenic Protein ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Β Sheet

There is increasing recognition that numerous neurodegenerative conditions have the same underlying pathogenetic mechanism, namely a change in protein conformation, where the β-sheet content is increased. In Alzheimer's disease, amyloid deposition in the form of neuritic plaques and congophilic angiopathy is driven by the conversion of normal soluble amyloid-β peptide (sAβ) to Aβ plaques; while in the prionoses the critical event is the conversion of normal prion protein, PrPc, to the disease-associated form, PrPsc. This common theme in the pathogenesis of these disorders and the extracellular localization of the accumulating abnormal protein make them highly amenable to therapeutic approaches based on experimental manipulation of protein conformation and clearance. A number of different approaches under current development include drugs which affect the processing of the precursor proteins drugs the clearance of the amyloidogenic protein, and which inhibit or prevent the conformation change and immunological approaches. Particularly interesting are compounds termed ‘β-sheet breakers’ that directly target the abnormal conformational change both for Aβ- and PrPsc-related deposits. In addition, immune system activation can serve as β-sheet breakers and/or to increase the clearance of the disease-associated proteins. These conformation-based approaches appear to hold the best promise for therapies for this devastating group of disorders.

Modulation of amyloid β peptide aggregation by hydrophilic polymers

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (37) ◽  
pp. 20999-21006
Author(s):  
Zhanna Evgrafova ◽  
Bruno Voigt ◽  
Andreas H. Roos ◽  
Gerd Hause ◽  
Dariush Hinderberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Hydrophilic Polymers ◽  
Amyloid Β Peptide ◽  
Peptide Aggregation ◽  
Amyloidogenic Protein

Careful balance of hydrophilicity of precisely engineered polymers alters aggregation of the amyloidogenic protein Aβ1–40.

scholarly journals Repeated electromagnetic field stimulation lowers amyloid-β peptide levels in primary human mixed brain tissue cultures

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe P. Perez ◽  
Bryan Maloney ◽  
Nipun Chopra ◽  
Jorge J. Morisaki ◽  
Debomoy K. Lahiri
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Amyloid Β Peptide ◽  
Field Stimulation ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Hyperphosphorylated Tau Protein ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

AbstractLate Onset Alzheimer’s Disease is the most common cause of dementia, characterized by extracellular deposition of plaques primarily of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide and tangles primarily of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. We present data to suggest a noninvasive strategy to decrease potentially toxic Aβ levels, using repeated electromagnetic field stimulation (REMFS) in primary human brain (PHB) cultures. We examined effects of REMFS on Aβ levels (Aβ40 and Aβ42, that are 40 or 42 amino acid residues in length, respectively) in PHB cultures at different frequencies, powers, and specific absorption rates (SAR). PHB cultures at day in vitro 7 (DIV7) treated with 64 MHz, and 1 hour daily for 14 days (DIV 21) had significantly reduced levels of secreted Aβ40 (p = 001) and Aβ42 (p = 0.029) peptides, compared to untreated cultures. PHB cultures (DIV7) treated at 64 MHz, for 1 or 2 hour during 14 days also produced significantly lower Aβ levels. PHB cultures (DIV28) treated with 64 MHz 1 hour/day during 4 or 8 days produced a similar significant reduction in Aβ40 levels. 0.4 W/kg was the minimum SAR required to produce a biological effect. Exposure did not result in cellular toxicity nor significant changes in secreted Aβ precursor protein-α (sAPPα) levels, suggesting the decrease in Aβ did not likely result from redirection toward the α-secretase pathway. EMF frequency and power used in our work is utilized in human magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, thus suggesting REMFS can be further developed in clinical settings to modulate Aβ deposition.

scholarly journals Alzheimer Amyloid-β Peptide Forms Denaturant-Resistant Complex with Type ε3 but Not Type ε4 Isoform of Native Apolipoprotein E

1996 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongmin Zhou ◽  
Jonathan D. Smith ◽  
Paul Greengard ◽  
Sam Gandy
Keyword(s):  
Apolipoprotein E ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Amyloid Β Peptide

Chemical Cross-Linking/Mass Spectrometry Maps the Amyloid β Peptide Binding Region on Both Apolipoprotein E Domains

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1010-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Deroo ◽  
Florian Stengel ◽  
Azadeh Mohammadi ◽  
Nicolas Henry ◽  
Ellen Hubin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Apolipoprotein E ◽  
Peptide Binding ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Amyloid Β Peptide ◽  
Binding Region ◽  
Peptide Binding Region ◽  
Chemical Cross Linking

scholarly journals Fibrillogenesis in Alzheimer's disease of amyloid β peptides and apolipoprotein E

1995 ◽  
Vol 306 (2) ◽  
pp. 599-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
E M Castano ◽  
F Prelli ◽  
T Wisniewski ◽  
A Golabek ◽  
R A Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Apolipoprotein E ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Senile Plaques ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Fibril Formation ◽  
Tau Proteins ◽  
Amyloid Formation

A central event in Alzheimer's disease is the conformational change from normally circulating soluble amyloid beta peptides (A beta) and tau proteins into amyloid fibrils, in the form of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles respectively. The apolipoprotein E (apoE) gene locus has recently been associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease. It is not know whether apoE plays a direct role in the pathogenesis of the disease. In the present work we have investigated whether apoE can affect the known spontaneous in vitro formation of amyloid-like fibrils by synthetic A beta analogues using a thioflavine-T assay for fibril formation, electron microscopy and Congo Red staining. Our results show that, under the conditions used, apoE directly promotes amyloid fibril formation, increasing both the rate of fibrillogenesis and the total amount of amyloid formed. ApoE accelerated fibril formation of both wild-type A beta-(1-40) and A beta-(1-40A), an analogue created by the replacement of valine with alanine at residue 18, which alone produces few amyloid-like fibrils. However, apoE produced only a minimal effect on A beta-(1-40Q), found in the Dutch variant of Alzheimer's disease. When recombinant apoE isoforms were used, apoE4 was more efficient than apoE3 at enhancing amyloid formation. These in vitro observations support the hypothesis that apoE acts as a pathological chaperone, promoting the beta-pleated-sheet conformation of soluble A beta into amyloid fibres, and provide a possible explanation for the association of the apoE4 genetic isoform with Alzheimer's disease.

The prion-like properties of amyloid-beta peptide and Tau: Is there any risk of transmitting Alzheimer's disease during neurosurgical interventions?

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padilla-Zambrano H ◽  
García-Ballestas E ◽  
Quiñones-Ossa GA ◽  
Sibaja-Perez A ◽  
Agrawal A ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Prion Diseases ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Amyloid Β Peptide ◽  
Neurosurgical Procedure ◽  
Beta Peptide

: Recent studies have recognized similarities between the peptides involved in the neuropathology of Alzheimer’s disease and prions. The Tau protein and the Amyloid β peptide represent the theoretical pillars of Alzheimer’s disease development. It is probable that there is a shared mechanism for the transmission of these substances and the prion diseases development; this presumption is based on the presentation of several cases of individuals without risk factors who developed dementia decades after a neurosurgical procedure. This article aims to present the role of Aβ and Tau, which underlie the pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in the AD and their similarities with the prion diseases infective mechanisms by means of the presentation of the available evidence at molecular (in-vitro), animal, and human levels that support the controversy on whether these diseases might be transmitted in neurosurgical interventions, which may constitute a wide public health issue.

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