scholarly journals The Chinese medicine Chai Hu Li Zhong Tang protects against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by activating AMPKα

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Yuan Yuan ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
Xiaobo Li ◽  
Jiuzhang Men ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

An effective treatment for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is urgently needed. In the present study, we investigated whether the Chinese medicine Chai Hu Li Zhong Tang (CHLZT) could protect against the development of NAFLD. Rats in an animal model of NAFLD were treated with CHLZT, and their serum levels of cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were detected with an automatic biochemical analyzer. A cellular model of NAFLD was also established by culturing HepG2 cells in a medium that contained a long chain fat emulsion. Those cells were treated with CHLZT that contained serum from rats. After treatment, the levels of adenylate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) α (AMPKα), p-AMPKα, acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) α (ACCα), pACCα, PPARγ, and SREBP-2 were detected. The AMPK agonist, acadesine (AICAR), was used as a positive control compound. Our results showed that CHLZT or AICAR significantly decreased the serum levels of TG, TC, LDL-C, AST, ALT, and insulin in NAFLD rats, and significantly increased their serum HDL-C levels. Treatments with CHLZT or AICAR significantly decreased the numbers of lipid droplets in NAFLD liver tissues and HepG2 cells. CHLZT and AICAR increased the levels of p-AMPKα and PPARγ in the NAFLD liver tissues and HepG2 cells, but decreased the levels of ACC-α, p-ACC-α, SREBP-2, and 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGR). CHLZT protects against NAFLD by activating AMPKα, and also by inhibiting ACC activity, down-regulating SREBP2 and HMGR, and up-regulating PPAR-γ. Our results suggest that CHLZT might be useful for treating NAFLD in the clinic.

Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hypercholesterolemia in patients of gallstone disease undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Kaptan Singh ◽  
Divya Dahiya ◽  
Lileswar Kaman ◽  
Ashim Das
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Biopsy ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Gallstone Disease ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Background Gallstone disease (GSD) and non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has high prevalence in the general population and they share the common risk factors for their occurrence. Limited literature with inconsistent results is available suggesting the potential association between these life style induced diseases. Liver biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosing NAFLD. Aim of this study was (1) to identify the prevalence of asymptomatic NAFLD or NASH in liver biopsy specimen; (2) to identify association of hypercholesterolemia with NAFLD in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Methods This is a prospective observational study conducted on patients who underwent LC for symptomatic gallstones in the Department of General Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh from 1st July 2013 to 31st December 2014. All included patients had ultrasonography (USG); serum triglycerides (TG), cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol. A wedge liver biopsy was obtained from free edge of right liver lobe during LC and all biopsy specimens were analyzed by single pathologist. Results Dyslipidemia was present in 49.50% of 101 included patients. There was no association between NAFLD and serum cholesterol, TG or LDL-C (p 0.428, 0.848, 0.371 respectively). NAFLD was confirmed on liver biopsy in 21.8%; but none had fibrosis and cirrhosis on biopsy. There was no complication observed following liver biopsy. Conclusions Liver biopsy during LC gives an opportunity to diagnose the disease at an early and reversible stage. It is feasible, safe and cost effective.

Probiotic and prebiotic interventions for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
H. Jin ◽  
X. Xu ◽  
B. Pang ◽  
R. Yang ◽  
H. Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Randomised Trials ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Many studies have associated altered intestinal bacterial communities and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, but the putative effects are inconclusive. The purpose of this network meta-analysis (NMA) was to evaluate the effects of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through randomised intervention trials. Literature searches were performed until March 2020. For each outcome, a random NMA was performed, the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) was determined. A total of 22 randomised trials comparing prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic treatments included 1301 participants. Considering all seven results (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, body mass index, weight, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) together, the highest SUCRA values are probiotics (94%), synbiotics (61%) and prebiotics (56%), respectively. NMA results provide evidence that probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics can alleviate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, due to the lack of high-quality randomised trials, this research also has some limitations.

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Overweight Children and its Relationship with Retinol Serum Levels

2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suano de Souza ◽  
Silverio Amancio ◽  
Saccardo Sarni ◽  
Sacchi Pitta ◽  
Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Objectives: To evaluate the frequency of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, the retinol serum levels, lipid profile, and insulin resistance in overweight/obese children. To relate these biochemical variables with the risk of this disease in the population studied. Methods: The study was cross-sectional and prospective, with 46 overweight/obese school children (28 female, 18 male; mean age 8.6 years). The control group consisted of 45 children, paired by age and gender. Hepatic steatosis, evaluated by ultrasound, was classified as normal, mild, moderate, or severe. Also evaluated were serum retinol levels; thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; lipid profile; and fasting glucose and serum insulin levels, used for the calculation of the Homeostasis Model Assessment. Results: Hepatic ultrasound alterations were found in 56.5% and 48,9% of the overweight/obese and control group children, respectively. Presence of obesity was associated with high levels of triglycerides (OR = 4.6; P = 0.002). In the studied children, the risk of steatosis was related to a trend to a higher percentage of retinol inadequacy (OR = 2.8; p = 0.051); there was no association with thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, lipid profile, or insulin resistance. Conclusions: The high frequency of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in both groups, evaluated by hepatic ultrasound, in low-socioeconomic level children, independent of nutritional condition and without significant association with insulin resistance, emphasizes that especially in developing countries, other risk factors such as micronutrient deficiencies (e.g. vitamin A) are involved.

Resveratrol Supplementation in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Elgebaly ◽  
Ibrahim A. I. Radwan ◽  
Mohamed M. AboElnas ◽  
Hamza H. Ibrahim ◽  
Moutaz F. M. Eltoomy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Background: Resveratrol is a potential treatment option for management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant properties, and calorie restriction-like effects. We aimed to synthesise evidence from published randomized clinical trials (RCTs) about the efficacy of resveratrol in the management of NAFLD.Methods: A computer literature search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central was conducted using relevant keywords. Records were screened for eligible studies and data were extracted and synthesized using Review Manager Version 5.3 for windows. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were conducted.Results: Four RCTs (n=158 patients) were included in the final analysis. The overall effect estimates did not favor resveratrol group in terms of: serum ALT (MD -2.89, 95%CI [-15.66, 9.88], p=0.66), serum AST (MD -3.59, 95%CI [-13.82, 6.63], p=0.49), weight (MD -0.18, 95%CI [-0.92, 0.55], p=0.63), BMI (MD -0.10, 95 %CI [-0.43, 0.24], p=0.57), blood glucose level (MD -0.27, 95%CI [-0.55, 0.01], p=0.05), insulin level (MD -0.12, 95%CI [-0.69, 0.46], p=0.69), triglyceride level (MD 0.04, 95%CI [-0.45, 0.53], p=0.87), and LDL level (MD 0.21, 95%CI [-0.41, 0.83], p=0.51). Pooled studies were heterogeneous.Conclusion: Current evidence is insufficient to support the efficacy of resveratrol in the management of NAFLD. Resveratrol does not attenuate the degree of liver fibrosis or show a significant decrease in any of its parameters.Abbreviations: ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; BMI: Body mass index; CK-18: Cytokeratin-18; CRP: C-reactive protein; HC: Head circumference; HDL: High density lipoprotein; IL-6: Interleukin-6; LDL: Low density lipoprotein; MD: Mean difference; NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; NASH: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; RCT: Randomized Controlled Trial; RR: Relative risk; SIRT1: Silent information regulation 2 homologue 1; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor α; WC: Waist circumference; WHR: Waist hip ratio.

Serum levels of hepatoprotective peptide adiponectin in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cem Aygun ◽  
Omer Senturk ◽  
Saadettin Hulagu ◽  
Suleyman Uraz ◽  
Altay Celebi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

scholarly journals Relationship of Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Serum Level of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) in Normal Reference Range

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Doaa Ameen Khalil ◽  
Yasser Mohammed Abdul Raouf ◽  
Amal Said Al-Bendary ◽  
Kamal Mohamed Okasha
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can increase the incidence of cardiovascular disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. Thyroid hormones also play important roles in hepatic lipid metabolism and hepatic insulin resistance. Hypothyroidism is associated with reduced lipolysis and decreased liver uptake of free fatty acids derived from triglycerides. In recent years, the correlation between overt or subclinical hypothyroidism and NAFLD has been discussed. The relationship between NAFLD and thyroid function parameters remains unclear. Aim: We aimed to evaluate the relationship between serum level of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) within normal reference range and Non Alcoholic fatty liver Disease (NAFLD). Subjects and Methods: This is a cross sectional case control study on 40 patients with NAFLD and a control group of 20 healthy individuals, who were attendants of Outpatient Clinic of Internal Medicine Department of Tanta University Hospitals and EL-Menshawy General Hospital from February 2018 to the end of January 2019. Results: In the present study, univariate regression analysis showed that serum levels of AST, FT3, FT4 and Anti-TPO were independent risk factors of NAFLD, while in multivariate analysis the only independent risk factor of NAFLD was Anti-TPO serum level. Conclusion: Serum levels of AST, FT3, FT4 and Anti-TPO were independent risk factors of NAFLD in univariate regression analysis, while in multivariate analysis the only independent risk factor of NAFLD was Anti-TPO serum level. Despite the positive correlation between serum TSH level and grade of NAFLD, the study didn’t show serum TSH level as independent risk factor of NAFLD.

scholarly journals THE CORRELATION OF NECK CIRCUMFERENCE AND INSULIN RESISTANCE IN NAFLD PATIENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura BOEMEKE ◽  
Fabiana Viegas RAIMUNDO ◽  
Márcia BOPP ◽  
Lara Rigon LEONHARDT ◽  
Sabrina Alves FERNANDES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Biopsy ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Insulin resistance, especially that induced by obesity, plays a central role in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Although the evaluation of overweight patients is important, the nutritional assessment tools used in clinical practice have limitations. Neck circumference (NC), from this, becomes a viable and low-cost alternative, which seems to be related to the accumulation of fat in the hepatic tissue. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between NC and metabolic alterations in patients with non- alcoholic fatty liver disease. METHODS: A cross-sectional study performed in 82 patients, of whom 76 underwent liver biopsy. We performed weight, height, abdominal circumference and NC measures. Values of NC ≥42 cm and ≥36 cm were considered as altered for men and women, respectively. Laboratory tests and liver biopsy result were collected in the participants’ charts. We evaluated fasting blood glucose levels, insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), ferritin, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyltransferase, albumin, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and the HOMA-IR index. RESULTS: We evaluated eighty-two patients. Patients with altered NC had increased body mass index (P=0.043), abdominal circumference (P=0.007), insulin (P=0.003) and HOMA-IR (P=0.029) when compared to those with adequate NC. NC was significantly correlated with reduced levels of high-density cholesterol (HDL-C) in men (r= -042, P<0.05), increased insulin levels in men and female (rs=0.47; P<0.05 and rs=0.51; P<0.01, respectively), as well as higher HOMA-IR index both males (rs=0.49; P<0.01) and female (rs=0.30; P<0.05). There was no significant association between NC and liver outcomes (r=0.145; P=0.36). CONCLUSION: NC is associated with the HOMA-IR index in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. NC can be used in the screening of insulin resistance in these patients, considering that insulin resistance plays a key role in the progression of the disease.

scholarly journals Raw Bowl Tea (Tuocha) Polyphenol Prevention of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Regulating Intestinal Function in Mice

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bihui Liu ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Peng Sun ◽  
Ruokun Yi ◽  
Xiaoyan Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Intestinal Function ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Tnf Α

A high-fat diet-induced C57BL/6N mouse model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was established. The effect and mechanism of Raw Bowl Tea polyphenols (RBTP) on preventing NAFLD via regulating intestinal function were observed. The serum, liver, epididymis, small intestine tissues, and feces of mice were examined by biochemical and molecular biological methods, and the composition of RBTP was analyzed by HPLC assay. The results showed that RBTP could effectively reduce the body weight, liver weight, and liver index of NAFLD mice. The serum effects of RBTP were: (1) decreases in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), D-lactate (D-LA), diamine oxidase (DAO), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and an increase of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels; (2) a decrease of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin 4 (IL-4), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interferon gamma (INF-γ); (3) a decrease the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in liver tissue; and (4) alleviation of pathological injuries of liver, epididymis, and small intestinal tissues caused by NAFLD and protection of body tissues. qPCR and Western blot results showed that RBTP could up-regulate the mRNA and protein expressions of LPL, PPAR-α, CYP7A1, and CPT1, and down-regulate PPAR-γ and C/EBP-α in the liver of NAFLD mice. In addition, RBTP up-regulated the expression of occludin and ZO-1, and down-regulated the expression of CD36 and TNF-α in the small intestines of NAFLD mice. Studies on mice feces showed that RBTP reduced the level of Firmicutes and increased the minimum levels of Bacteroides and Akkermansia, as well as reduced the proportion of Firmicutes/Bacteroides in the feces of NAFLD mice, which play a role in regulating intestinal microecology. Component analysis showed that RBTP contained seven polyphenolic compounds: Gallic acid, (-)-epigallocatechin, catechin, L-epicatechin, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, (-)-gallocatechin gallate, and (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG), and high levels of caffeine, (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), and ECG. RBTP improved the intestinal environment of NAFLD mice with the contained active ingredients, thus playing a role in preventing NAFLD. The effect was positively correlated with the dose of 100 mg/kg, which was even better than that of the clinical drug bezafibrate.

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