Forearm Glucose Uptake in Cirrhosis and Its Relationship to Glucose Tolerance

1980 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Leatherdale ◽  
R. A. Chase ◽  
J. Rogers ◽  
K. G. M. M. Alberti ◽  
P. Davies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients

1. Oral glucose-tolerance tests (100 g) were carried out in six patients with stable well-compensated cryptogenic cirrhosis and in 12 control subjects. 2. In confirmation of previous studies, patients with cirrhosis had high post-glucose serum insulin levels and were glucose intolerant (mean incremental glucose area 954 ± 186 compared with 482 ± 35 mmol 3 h−11−1 in controls; P<0.05) 3. Forearm arteriovenous differences of glucose and forearm blood flows were measured to estimate the proportion of the glucose load metabolized in peripheral tissues. Values in cirrhotic patients and control subjects (5614 ± 1630 compared with 5344 ± 672 μmol of glucose min−11−1 of forearm in 3 h) were similar despite higher glucose levels and sustained high insulin levels in the cirrhotic patients. 4. Peak lactate concentrations after glucose were of similar magnitude in the two groups (0.66 ± 0.12 compared with 0.62 ± 0.75 mmol/l) but in the patients with cirrhosis the peak occurred later and was more sustained. 5. The glucose intolerance of cirrhosis is primarily due to impaired hepatic retention of the glucose load. Insulin resistance in peripheral tissues-5-also be important since the higher insulin concentrations found in cirrhotic patients failed to enhance peripheral glucose uptake.

Glucose uptake and pulsatile insulin infusion: euglycaemic clamp and [33H] glucose studies in healthy subjects

1986 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Schmitz ◽  
J. Arnfred ◽  
O. Hother Nielsen ◽  
H. Beck-Nielsen ◽  
H. Ørskov
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Infusion ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Insulin Infusion ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Insulin Delivery ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Euglycaemic Clamp ◽  
Insulin Levels

Abstract. To test the hypothesis that insulin has a greater effect on glucose metabolism when given as pulsatile than as continuous infusion, a 354-min euglycaemic clamp study was carried out in 8 healthy subjects. At random order soluble insulin was given intravenously either at a constant rate of 0.45 mU/kg · min or in identical amounts in pulses of 1½ to 2¼ min followed by intervals of 10½ to 9¾ min. Average serum insulin levels were similar during the two infusion protocols, but pulsatile administration induced oscillations ranging between 15 and 62 μU/ml. Glucose uptake expressed as metabolic clearance rate (MCR) for glucose was significantly increased during pulsatile insulin delivery as compared with continuous administration (270–294 min: 8.7 ± 0.7 vs 6.8 ± 0.9 ml/kg · min, P < 0.01, and 330–354 min: 8.9 ± 0.5 vs 7.4 ± 0.9 ml/kg · min, P <0.05). The superior efficacy of pulsatile insulin delivery on glucose uptake was not consistently found until after 210 min of insulin administration. In both infusion protocols, endogenous glucose production as estimated by the [3-3H]glucose infusion technique was suppressed to insignificant values. Finally, the effect of insulin on endogenous insulin secretion and lipolysis as assessed by changes in serum C-peptide and serum FFA was uninfluenced by the infusion mode. In conclusion, insulin infusion resulting in physiological serum insulin levels enhances glucose uptake in peripheral tissues in healthy subjects to a higher degree when given in a pulsed pattern mimicking that of the normal endocrine pancreas than when given as a continuous infusion.

THE RESPONSE OF INFANTS OF DIABETIC WOMEN TO TOLBUTAMIDE AND LEUCINE AT BIRTH, AND TO GLUCOSE AND TOLBUTAMIDE AT 2 YEARS OF AGE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 546-557
Author(s):  
Mutya S. A. Velasco ◽  
Elsa P. Paulsen
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Diabetic Woman ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Mothers

Twelve newborn infants, 2 to 8 days old, of gestational (IGDM) and insulin-requiring (IDM) diabetic mothers responded to intravenous tolbutamide (20 mg/kg) with abnormally large decreases in plasma glucose and marked rises in plasma insulin (the latter was measured only in IGDM). Only 3 of 13 IGDM tested with leucine had significant decreases in plasma glucose. Newborn infants of normal mothers showed no changes in glucose or insulin in response to intravenous tolbutamide, and one of five had a small decrease in glucose levels after leucine. The results suggest the presence of large stores of pancreatic insulin in newborn infants of diabetic mothers which are more readily released by stimulation with tolbutamide than with leucine. The offspring of the diabetic women were restudied at 2 years of age for their response to intravenous tolbutamide and oral glucose. Seven of nine children had normal glucose and insulin levels after intravenous tolbutamide, and two had abnormally low glucose levels with high insulin levels. Three of the nine had normal glucose tolerance with normal insulin levels. The other six had abnormally elevated glucose levels which varied in duration from one-half to 2 hours. Four of the six had an accompanying hyperinsulinemia; two, who had diabetic glucose tolerance, had poor insulin responses. The findings in the 2-year-old children support a concept that the fetal environment provided by a diabetic woman has effects on carbohydrate tolerance which extend beyond the newborn period.

Impaired β-cell compensation to dexamethasone-induced hyperglycemia in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (2) ◽  
pp. E241-E246 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Ehrmann ◽  
Elena Breda ◽  
Matthew C. Corcoran ◽  
Melissa K. Cavaghan ◽  
Jacqueline Imperial ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
And Control

Deterioration in glucose tolerance occurs rapidly in women with polycystic ovary syndrone (PCOS), suggesting that pancreatic β-cell dysfunction may supervene early. To determine whether the compensatory insulin secretory response to an increase in insulin resistance induced by the glucocorticoid dexamethasone differs in women with PCOS and control subjects, we studied 10 PCOS and 6 control subjects with normal glucose tolerance. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and a graded glucose infusion protocol were performed at baseline and after subjects took 2.0 mg of dexamethasone orally. Basal (Φb), static (Φs), dynamic (Φd), and global (Φ) indexes of β-cell sensitivity to glucose were derived. Insulin sensitivity (Si) was calculated using the minimal model; a disposition index (DI) was calculated as the product of Si and Φ. PCOS and control subjects had nearly identical fasting and 2-h glucose levels at baseline. Φb was higher, although not significantly so, in the PCOS subjects. The Φd, Φs, and Φ indexes were 28, 19, and 20% higher, respectively, in PCOS subjects. The DI was significantly lower in PCOS (30.01 ± 5.33 vs. 59.24 ± 7.59) at baseline. After dexamethasone, control subjects averaged a 9% increase (to 131 ± 12 mg/dl) in 2-h glucose levels; women with PCOS had a significantly greater 26% increase to 155 ± 6 mg/dl. The C-peptide-to-glucose ratios on OGTT increased by 44% in control subjects and by only 15% in PCOS subjects. The accelerated deterioration in glucose tolerance in PCOS may result, in part, from a relative attenuation in the response of the β-cell to the demand placed on it by factors exacerbating insulin resistance.

Taurine attenuates hypertension and improves insulin sensitivity in the fructose-fed rat, an animal model of insulin resistance

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
pp. 749-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
C V Anuradha ◽  
S D Balakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Load ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
Blood Pressure Elevation ◽  
Glucose Levels

Fructose feeding induces moderate increases in blood pressure levels in normal rats, which is associated with hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and impaired glucose tolerance. Increased vascular resistance, sodium retention, and sympathetic overactivity have been proposed to contribute to the blood pressure elevation in this model. Taurine, a sulphur-containing amino acid, has been reported to have antihypertensive and sympatholytic actions. In the present study, the effects of taurine on blood pressure, plasma levels of glucose and insulin, glucose tolerance, and renal function were studied in fructose-fed rats. Fructose-fed rats had higher blood pressure and elevated plasma levels of insulin and glucose. The plasma glucose levels were higher in fructose-fed rats than in controls at 15, 30, and 60 min after the oral glucose load. Treatment with 2% taurine in drinking water prevented the blood pressure elevation and attenuated the hyperinsulinemia in fructose-fed rats. The exaggerated glucose levels in response to the oral glucose load was also prevented by taurine administration. Thus, taurine supplementation could be beneficial in circumventing metabolic alterations in insulin resistance.Key words: fructose feeding, hypertension, hyperinsulinemia, renal function, taurine.

Differential roles of splanchnic and peripheral tissues in determining diurnal fluctuation of glucose tolerance

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (4) ◽  
pp. E459-E465 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Verrillo ◽  
A. De Teresa ◽  
C. Martino ◽  
G. Di Chiara ◽  
M. Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Glucose Infusion ◽  
Diurnal Fluctuation ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Venous Catheterization ◽  
Net Uptake ◽  
Glucose Output

To identify the mechanisms and the sites of the diurnal fluctuation in glucose tolerance in humans, we selectively quantitated the components of net splanchnic glucose balance, i.e., splanchnic glucose uptake and hepatic glucose output, as well as peripheral glucose uptake, by combining tritiated glucose infusion with hepatic and femoral venous catheterization. The studies were carried out in 11 healthy volunteers at 8:00 A.M. and at 6:00 P.M. on different days after 12 h of fasting. After intravenous glucose infusion (6.5 mg.kg-1.min-1 for 120 min) blood glucose rose twofold at 8:00 A.M. and threefold at 6:00 P.M. (P less than 0.01). Insulin levels did not differ significantly between the two series of tests. Splanchnic glucose balance switched from the net output of the basal state to a net uptake in both morning and afternoon studies. However, this effect was more marked at 6:00 P.M. than at 8:00 A.M. (at 60-120 min, P less than 0.05). The different pattern of splanchnic glucose balance was entirely accounted for by a greater rise in splanchnic glucose uptake in the afternoon, as the suppression of endogenous glucose output by the glucose load was practically complete in both series of studies. In contrast, glucose uptake by leg tissues increased less at 6:00 P.M. than at 8:00 A.M. (at 30-60 min, P less than 0.05; at 75 and 90 min, P less than 0.01; at 105 and 120 min, P less than 0.005). These data indicate that the mechanism responsible for the reduced glucose tolerance later in the day resides in the peripheral tissues whose ability to dispose of a glucose load is drastically decreased.

scholarly journals Role of fasting duration and weekday in incretin and glucose regulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim K B Clemmensen ◽  
Jonas S Quist ◽  
Dorte Vistisen ◽  
Daniel R Witte ◽  
Anna Jonsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Glucose Regulation ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Overnight Fasting ◽  
Fasting Duration

Fasting duration has been associated with lower fasting blood glucose levels, but higher 2-h post-load levels, and research has indicated an adverse effect of ‘weekend behavior’ on human metabolism. We investigated associations of fasting duration and weekday of examination with glucose, insulin, glucagon and incretin responses to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). This cross-sectional study is based on data from the ADDITION-PRO study, where 2082 individuals attended a health examination including an OGTT. Linear regression analysis was applied to study the associations of overnight fasting duration and day of the week with glucose, insulin, glucagon, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) responses to an OGTT. We found that a 1 h longer fasting duration was associated with 1.7% (95% CI: 0.8,2.5) higher 2-h glucose levels, as well as a 3.0% (95% CI: 1.3,4.7) higher GIP and 2.3% (95% CI: 0.3,4.4) higher GLP-1 response. Fasting insulin levels were 20.6% (95% CI: 11.2,30.7) higher on Mondays compared to the other weekdays, with similar fasting glucose levels (1.7%, 95% CI: 0.0,3.4). In this study, longer overnight fasting duration was associated with a worsening of glucose tolerance and increased incretin response to oral glucose. We found higher fasting insulin levels on Mondays compared to the other days of the week, potentially indicating a worsened glucose regulation after the weekend.

scholarly journals Dose-dependent effects of insoluble fibre on glucose metabolism: a stratified post hoc analysis of the Optimal Fibre Trial (OptiFiT)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Kabisch ◽  
Caroline Honsek ◽  
Margrit Kemper ◽  
Christiana Gerbracht ◽  
Ayman M. Arafat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oat Hulls ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Fibre Intake ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Insoluble Fibre ◽  
One Year ◽  
Post Hoc

Abstract Aims As the first long-term RCT on insoluble cereal fibre, the optimal fibre trial demonstrated glycometabolic benefits, confirming cohort studies. The combined study intervention of lifestyle recommendations and supplementation with insoluble oat hulls fibre allows to clarify, which amount of fibre is required for a beneficial effect. Methods One hundred and eighty participants with impaired glucose tolerance underwent the one-year PREDIAS lifestyle programme and received a blinded, randomized fibre or placebo supplement for two years. We conducted a regression analyses and cut-off-based tertile comparisons in subjects with full data on dietary compliance (food records and accounted supplement; n = 120) after one year, investigating effects on fasting blood parameters, oral glucose tolerance test and anthropometry. Results We found a nonlinear inverse relation between fibre intake and change in postprandial 2-h glucose levels, showing a metabolic benefit beyond 14 g and a plateau beyond 25 g of total insoluble fibre per day. 2-h glucose levels improved significantly stronger in both upper tertiles (−0.9 [−1.6;−0.2] mmol/l, p = 0.047, and −0.6 [−1.6;0.3] mmol/l, p = 0.010) compared to the lowest tertile (0.1 [−1.2;1.1] mmol/l), also when adjusted for changes in bodyweight. Subjects with the highest fibre intake showed superior effects on fasting and postprandial insulin resistance, hepatic insulin clearance, leucocyte count and fatty liver index. Conclusions Extending the knowledge on the benefits of insoluble oat hulls fibre, our post hoc analysis demonstrates a dose effect for glycaemia and associated metabolic markers. Further research is needed in order to replicate our findings in larger trials.

scholarly journals Sitagliptin improves glycaemic excursion after a meal or after an oral glucose load in J apanese subjects with impaired glucose tolerance

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 1033-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kaku ◽  
T. Kadowaki ◽  
Y. Terauchi ◽  
T. Okamoto ◽  
A. Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Load ◽  
Glucose Load

Acute Effect of Chili Consumption on Thermogenesis and Glycemic Response Following Oral Glucose Load in Men

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-294
Author(s):  
Muriel Ávila-Seguel ◽  
Constanza Márquez-Urrizola ◽  
Gislaine Granfeldt ◽  
Katia Saez-Carrillo ◽  
Javad Sharifi-Rad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Effect ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Response ◽  
Oral Glucose Load ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Hypoglycemic and thermogenic effects are attributed to the capsaicinoid compounds (capsaicin). The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute effect of the consumption of 5g of chili pepper on thermogenesis and the glycemic response. In a pretest-post-test quasi-experimental study, the energy expenditure (EE) of 15 healthy men was evaluated by using indirect calorimetry at rest and with the consumption of 5g of Capsicum annum. In addition, the glycemic response after an oral glucose load was evaluated. After the consumption of C. annum, there was a significant increase in the EE of all the participants during the first few seconds postchili consumption. In sedentary participants, the consumption of chili pepper caused a significant decrease of blood glucose levels. The consumption of chili pepper has a potential immediate thermogenic effect during the first few seconds and, in sedentary people, it has a potential hypoglycemic effect.

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