Effect of alcohol withdrawal on blood pressure, plasma renin activity, aldosterone, cortisol and dopamine β-hydroxylase

1984 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 659-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. T. Bannan ◽  
J. F. Potter ◽  
D. G. Beevers ◽  
J. B. Saunders ◽  
J. R. F. Walters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Urinary Volume ◽  
Blood Pressures

1. Sixty-five alcoholic patients admitted for detoxification had blood pressure, withdrawal symptoms, plasma cortisol (PC) and plasma aldosteron (PA) levels, plasma renin activity (PRA), and serum dopamin β-hydroxylase (DBH) levels measured on the first and fourth days after admission. 2. On the morning after admission blood pressure was elevated (>140/90) in 32 patients (49%) and was 160/95mmHg or more in 21 (32%). PRA was initially elevated in 41 patients, PA levels in 14, and 13 patients had raised PC levels. By the fourth day, blood pressure and bio-chemical measures had fallen significantly while urine volume and sodium output, low on admission, had increased significantly. On admission urinary metanephrine levels were raised in four out of the 31 patients who had them measured. 3. The height of both the systolic and diastolic blood pressures was significantly related to the severity of the alcohol. withdrawal symptoms. Of the biochemical parameters measured, PC level correlated with systolic but not diastolic pressure, and urinary volume was inversely correlated with the height of the diastolic pressure. No relationship was found between blood pressure and PRA or PA level. 4. The pressor effect of alcohol withdrawal could be due to sympathetic nervous system overactivity, or possibly to hypercortisolaemia. The first hypothesis seems more likely.

Alcohol Withdrawal and Hypertension: Evidence for a Kidney Abnormality

1985 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio De Marchi ◽  
Emanuela Cecchin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Pressure Plasma ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Blood Pressures

We are very interested to read the paper by Bannan et al. [1] about the effect of alcohol withdrawal on blood pressure, plasma renin activity, aldosterone, cortisol and dopamine β-hydroxylase. It has been known for several years that alcoholic patients admitted to hospital for detoxification have a high prevalence of hypertension [2]. Their blood pressures return to normal after alcohol withdrawal symptoms have abated and they remain normal if they continue to abstain. Patients who resume drinking sustain a rise in blood pressure to their former high levels.

Urinary Prostaglandin E2 and Kallikrein Excretion in Glucocrticoid Hypertension in Rats

1983 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiko Handa ◽  
Kazuoki Kondo ◽  
Hiromichi Suzuki ◽  
Takao Saruta
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Prostaglandin E2 ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Concurrent Administration ◽  
Angiotensin System

1. Oral administration of dexamethasone (about 2.5 × 10-7 mol/day) caused hypertension in rats. The blood pressure rose from 108 ± 6 (mean ± sd) to 156 ± 17 mmHg on the seventh day. The urine volume and urinary excretion of sodium were increased. The plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone were unchanged. However, the urinary excretions of prostaglandin E2 (UPGE2V) and kallikrein (Ukall.V) were markedly decreased throughout the experiment. 2. With concurrent administration of captopril, the elevation of blood pressure was partially prevented. in this group of rats, the plasma renin activity was elevated and the reductions in UPGE2V and Ukall.V were partially prevented. 3. Based on these results, it is suggested that suppression of the kallikrein—kinin and prostaglandin systems, in addition to involvement of the renin-angiotensin system, is one of the factors contributing to the hypertensive action of dexamethasone.

Abnormal responses for blood pressure in children and adults with surgically corrected aortic coarctation

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Hauser ◽  
Andreas Kuehn ◽  
Neil Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Aortic Coarctation ◽  
Surgical Repair ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
White Coat Hypertension ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Blood Pressures

AbstractBackgroundDespite successful surgical repair of aortic coarctation, life expectancy is reduced, and up to one-third of patients remain or become hypertensive. So as to characterize the responses for blood pressure, we have studied 55 patients with surgically repaired coarctation. Their mean age was 11.3 ± 5.97 years. We documented maximal uptake of oxygen, anaerobic threshold, plasma renin activity and blood pressures during a Bruce protocol treadmill test. The velocity across the site of repair as imaged by crosssectional echocardiography was measured before and after exercise. We measured the changes in heart rate and blood pressure subsequent to an infusion of 1 ug per kg of isoprenalin, monitoring blood pressure over 24 hours in all patients.ResultsWhen compared with 40 healthy age-matched controls, the patients with coarctation had a normal exercise capacity. Resting systolic blood pressures above the 95th percentile were present in 45% of the patients. Exercise-induced hypertension, and an elevation in the average systolic 24 hour blood pressures, were observed, but less frequently than elevated baseline values, suggesting that socalled white-coat” hypertension may be present in this population. Abnormal reactions and elevation of plasma renin activity were related to a history of paradoxical hypertension at the time of surgery. Attenuation of the circadian rhythm for blood pressure was a frequent finding, and may have implications in the development of long-term damage to end-organs. A high correlation was found between mean systolic blood pressure measured by 24 hour monitoring and left ventricular hypertrophy (r=0.65, p<0.05).ConclusionsAbnormalities in blood pressure occurred independently of significant mechanical obstruction. Despite successful surgical repair, abnormalities in the shape of the aortic arch, reduced sensitivity of baroreceptor reflexes, and neurohumoral factors may all contribute to the development of hypertension.

scholarly journals Sodium, potassium and chloride utilization by rats given various inorganic anions

1991 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Kaup ◽  
Alison R. Behling ◽  
J. L. Greger
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

The purpose of the present studies was to examine the effect of ingestion of sodium and potassium salts of various fixed anions on blood pressure, and to assess interactions among electrolytes. In the first study, Sprague-Dawley rats fed on purified diets supplemented with Na salts of chloride, sulphate, bisulphate, carbonate and bicarbonate for 7 weeks developed higher blood pressures than rats fed on the basal diet. In a second study, rats fed on Na or K salts of HSO4, HCO3 or Cl had higher blood pressures than rats fed on the basal diet. Blood pressure measurements were not correlated with plasma volume, plasma renin activity, or plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations at 7 weeks. Plasma renin activity was depressed in rats fed on supplemental Na and even more in rats fed on supplemental K salts rather than the basal diet. Generally, rats fed on supplemental Na excreted Na in urine and absorbed Na in the gut more efficiently than rats fed on the basal diet or diets supplemented with K, but the anions fed also altered Na absorption and excretion. In a third study, rats fed on diets supplemented with any Cl salt, but especially KCI, absorbed K more efficiently than those fed on the basal diet. In studies 1 and 2, the efficiency of urinary excretion of K was greatest when HCO3 and CO3 salts were fed and least when HSO4 salts were fed. Despite large variations in the efficiency of absorption and excretion of Na and K, tissue levels of the electrolytes remained constant.

The Nature of the β-Adrenoreceptor Controlling Plasma Renin Activity in Man

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (s3) ◽  
pp. 113s-115s
Author(s):  
B. F. Johnson ◽  
I. K. Smith ◽  
J. Labrooy ◽  
Carole Bye
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Selective Blockade ◽  
Induced Changes

1. Seven healthy sodium-replete male volunteer subjects remained supine during and for at least 1 h before the study. Heart rate and blood pressure were recorded continuously, and peripheral venous blood samples were taken every 15 min for determinations of plasma renin activity. 2. All subjects were studied twice: after 3 days of oral practolol (100 mg, three times daily) and after a similar period on placebo. Each study consisted of an intravenous infusion of isoprenaline in graded doses (0–2·0 μg/min in the placebo phase; 0–16 μg/min in the practolol phase), followed after rest for 2 h by an intravenous infusion of salbutamol (0–20 μg/min after placebo; 0–80 μg/min after practolol). 3. Both salbutamol and isoprenaline produced dose-related increases in systolic blood pressure, heart rate and plasma renin activity and decreases in diastolic pressure. 4. The increases in heart rate and plasma renin activity induced by either agonist were competitively blocked by practolol, as was the fall in diastolic blood pressure induced by isoprenaline; the salbutamol-induced fall of diastolic blood pressure was unaffected by practolol. 5. Comparison of dose ratio — 1 estimates confirmed that practolol selectively blocked increases in heart rate and plasma renin activity due to salbutamol; no selective blockade against isoprenaline-induced changes was shown. 6. Selective blockade of salbutamol-induced changes indicate that a β1-adrenoreceptor mediates changes in plasma renin activity.

Effect of salt depletion and propranolol on blood pressure and plasma renin activity in various forms of hypertension.

1975 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 248-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
G G Geyskes ◽  
P Boer ◽  
J Vos ◽  
F H Leenen ◽  
E J Mees
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Salt Depletion

Enhancement of the Antihypertensive Effect of Hydrochlorothiazide in Dogs after Suppression of Renin Release by Beta-Adrenergic Blockade

1975 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-151
Author(s):  
C. S. Sweet ◽  
M. Mandradjieff
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Antihypertensive Effect ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Renin Release ◽  
Antihypertensive Activity ◽  
Adrenergic Blockade ◽  
Arterial Blood

1. Renal hypertensive dogs were treated with hydrochlorothiazide (8−2 μmol/kg or 33 μmol/kg daily for 7 days), or timolol (4.6 μmol/kg daily for 4 days), a potent β-adrenergic blocking agent, or combinations of these drugs). Changes in mean arterial blood pressure and plasma renin activity were measured over the treatment period. 2. Neither drug significantly lowered arterial blood pressure when administered alone. Plasma renin activity, which did not change during treatment with timolol, was substantially elevated during treatment with hydrochlorothiazide. 3. When timolol was administered concomitantly with hydrochlorothiazide, plasma renin activity was suppressed and blood pressure was significantly lowered. 4. These observations suggest that compensatory activation of the renin-angiotensin system limits the antihypertensive activity of hydrochlorothiazide in renal hypertensive dogs and suppression of diuretic-induced renin release by timolol unmasks the antihypertensive effect of the diuretic.

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