Effect of respiratory acidosis and alkalosis on plasma catecholamine concentrations in anaesthetized man

1993 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Low ◽  
T. Gin ◽  
T. W. Lee ◽  
K. Fung
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Respiratory Acidosis ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine ◽  
Arterial Partial Pressure ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine Concentrations ◽  
Noradrenaline And Adrenaline

1. Plasma concentrations of noradrenaline and adrenaline were measured in 11 anaesthetized patients during normocapnia, hypocapnia and hypercapnia. Hypocapnia was produced by deliberate hyperventilation and hypercapnia by adding carbon dioxide to the inspired gas mixture. 2. With a median (range) arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide of 4.7 (4.2–5.2) kPa, the median (range) plasma concentration of noradrenaline was 0.41 (0.12–0.94) nmol/l and of adrenaline was 0.15 (0.05–0.31) nmol/l. 3. With an arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide of 2.6 (2.2–3.3) kPa, there was no change in the plasma concentration of noradrenaline [0.37 (0.12–0.86) nmol/l] or that of adrenaline [0.16 (0.05–0.32) nmol/l]. 4. However, with an arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide of 10.4 (7.6–13.2) kPa, there were significant increases in the plasma concentrations of both noradrenaline [1.13 (0.79–2.05) nmol/l, P < 0.01] and adrenaline [0.67 (0.20–2.92) nmol/l, P < 0.05]. 5. This is the first demonstration in man that respiratory acidosis causes an increase in plasma concentrations of catecholamines.

Decreased Platelet-Free Dopamine and Unchanged Noradrenaline and Adrenaline in Essential Hypertension

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (02) ◽  
pp. 251-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
S E Kjeldsen ◽  
K Gjesdal ◽  
P Leren ◽  
I K Eide
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine ◽  
Catecholamine Synthesis ◽  
Hypertensive Group ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine Concentrations ◽  
Noradrenaline And Adrenaline ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Normotensive Control

SummaryThe content of free-catecholamines in blood platelets is much higher than in plasma and platelet catecholamines must be taken up from plasma, since platelets lack the enzymes for catecholamine synthesis. There is some evidence that platelet catecholamine content under certain circumstances may be an integrated measure of plasma catecholamine concentrations over time. Platelet-free catecholamines were therefore assayed in 18 untreated patients with essential hypertension and in 16 normotensive control subjects. Mean platelet-free dopamine in the hypertensive group was 3.7 ± 0.4 pg/mg platelet weight, i.e. significantly less than the 6.5 ± 0.9 pg/mg found in the normotensive (p <0.005). Platelet contents of noradrenaline and adrenaline did not differ. Decreased platelet-free dopamine and unchanged platelet noradrenaline and adrenaline persisted after adjustment for increased body weight in the hypertensive group. Although the reasons for decreased platelet-free dopamine in the hypertensive group remain unknown, this finding may add to previous result showing facilitated release of granular contents from blood platelets in patients with essential hypertension. Our data do not support platelet levels of free-catecholamines to be a marker of increased sympathetic tone in essential hypertension.

Plasma Catecholamine Levels and Vascular Response in Deoxycorticosterone Acetate Hypertension of Rats

1980 ◽  
Vol 59 (s6) ◽  
pp. 315s-317s ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Rascher ◽  
R. Dietz ◽  
A. Schomig ◽  
J. Weber ◽  
F. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Hind Limb ◽  
Vascular Tone ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine ◽  
Vascular Response ◽  
Deoxycorticosterone Acetate ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Noradrenaline And Adrenaline ◽  
Catecholamine Levels

1. In rats with deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) hypertension basal plasma concentrations of noradrenaline and adrenaline correspond to those of sham-treated controls. 2. In DOCA-treated rats frusemide caused a more pronounced increase in plasma noradrenaline than in control rats. This difference was not observed for adrenaline. 3. In the isolated perfused hind-limb preparation the sensitivity to noradrenaline was already enhanced before blood pressure was elevated. 4. These results suggest that the adrenergic vascular tone is increased in DOCA hypertension in rats.

Plasma Concentrations of Catecholamines in Two Strains of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats at Different Ages

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (s7) ◽  
pp. 199s-202s ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Ferrari ◽  
G. B. Picotti ◽  
E. Minotti ◽  
G. P. Bondiolotti ◽  
A. M. Caravaggi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Plasma Adrenaline ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Wistar Kyoto ◽  
Normotensive Strain ◽  
Noradrenaline And Adrenaline

1. Blood pressure was measured and plasma levels of noradrenaline and adrenaline were determined radioenzymatically under basal conditions and after 10% blood volume reduction in blood drawn through catheters previously implanted in young and adult rats of two different genetically hypertensive strains: the Kyoto strain (SHR) and the Milan strain (MHS), and in their respective controls: Wistar—Kyoto strain (WKY) and Milan normotensive strain (MNS). 2. Under basal conditions no differences were observed between plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline levels in SHR and MHS rats and in the controls, at any age. Haemorrhage produced a greater fall in the blood pressure (P &lt; 0.01) of young and adult hypertensive strains (SHR-MHS) than in WKY and MNS rats, and a greater rise in plasma adrenaline (P &lt; 0.01). 3. These results suggest that: (a) there may be differences in involvement of the sympathetic nervous system in the pathogenesis of hypertension in SHR and MHS rats but not such as to cause differences in plasma catecholamine levels in either young or adult rats; (b) haemorrhage activates the sympatho—adrenal systems more in SHR and MHS rats, than in controls, and the greater percentage fall in blood pressure is probably due to a difference in reflex venoconstriction.

scholarly journals Second-generation laryngeal mask airway as an alternative to endotracheal tube during prolonged laparoscopic abdominal surgery: a comparative analysis of intraoperative gas exchanges

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Park ◽  
JE Lee ◽  
GS Choi ◽  
JM Kim ◽  
JS Ko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Laryngeal Mask Airway ◽  
Abdominal Surgery ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Endotracheal Tube ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Laryngeal Mask ◽  
Arterial Partial Pressure ◽  
Prolonged Surgery

Introduction: Despite several advantages over endotracheal tube (ETT), laryngeal mask airway (LMA), which is used in emergencies under difficult airway maintenance conditions, is rarely utilized in prolonged surgery. We compared the variables representing intraoperative gas exchange with second-generation LMA and ETT during prolonged laparoscopic abdominal surgery. Methods: Prolonged surgery was defined as a surgery lasting more than 2 h. In total, 394 patients who underwent laparoscopic liver resection via either second-generation LMA or ETT were retrospectively analysed. Parameters including end-tidal pressure of carbon dioxide (ETCO2), tidal volume (TV), respiratory rate (RR), peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), pH, and ratio of arterial partial pressure of oxygen to fractional inspired oxygen (PFR) during surgery were compared between the two groups. In addition, the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC) including pulmonary aspiration was also compared. Results: The values of ETCO2, TV, RR and PIP during pneumoperitoneum were comparable between the two groups. Although PaCO2 at 2 h after induction was higher in patients with LMA (40.5 vs. 38.5 mmHg, p < 0.001), the pH and PFR values of the two groups were comparable. The incidence of PPC was not different. Conclusion: During prolonged laparoscopic abdominal surgery, the second-generation LMA facilitates adequate intraoperative gas exchange and represents an alternative to ETT.

Automated Detection of Gastric Luminal Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide during Cardiovascular Surgery Using the Tonocap

2000 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elliott Bennett-Guerrero ◽  
Michael H. Panah ◽  
Carol A. Bodian ◽  
Blessy J. Methikalam ◽  
John R. Alfarone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Postoperative Complication ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Bypass Graft ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Hospital Death ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Arterial Partial Pressure ◽  
Hemodynamic Variables

Background A new automated system of air tonometry (Tonocap; Datex Ohmeda, Helsinki, Finland) allows for frequent (every 15 min) measurement of gastric luminal partial pressure of carbon dioxide. Its use has not been described in cardiac surgical patients. Methods One hundred patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft or cardiac valve surgery were enrolled in a prospective cohort study. After anesthetic induction and insertion of a TRIP NGS Catheter (Datex Ohmeda), measurements of gastric luminal partial pressure of carbon dioxide were obtained using the Tonocap, and gastric mucosal pH (pHi) was calculated. The main outcome measure was postoperative complication, defined as either in-hospital death or prolonged postoperative hospitalization (&gt; 14 days). Results Four patients (4%) died, all of multiple-system organ failure, one each on postoperative days 9, 26, 46, and 121. Postoperative complication occurred in 18 patients (18%), all of whom exhibited persistent dysfunction of at least one organ system. Perioperatively, an abnormal pHi (&lt; 7.32) and gastric luminal minus arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide gap (&gt; 8 mmHg) occurred in 66% and 70% of patients, respectively. Predictors of postoperative complication included postoperative pHi (P = 0.001), gastric luminal partial pressure of carbon dioxide (P = 0.022), and gastric luminal minus arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide gap (P = 0.013). In contrast, arterial base excess (P &gt; 0.4) and routinely measured hemodynamic variables (e.g., heart rate, blood pressure) were either less predictive compared with Tonocap-derived variables or not predictive. Conclusions Despite a low mortality rate, patients undergoing cardiac surgery exhibited high incidences of prolonged hospitalization and postoperative morbidity. The Tonocap was easy to use, particularly compared with saline tonometry. Several Tonocap-derived variables were predictive of postoperative complications consistent with previously published data using saline tonometry.

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