Language Outcomes of 7-Year-Old Children With or Without a History of Late Language Emergence at 24 Months

Purpose While most of the children who are identified as late talkers at the age of 2 years catch up with their peers before school age, some continue to have language difficulties and will later be identified as having developmental language disorder. Our understanding of which children catch up and which do not is limited. The aim of the current study was to find out if inhibition is associated with late talker outcomes at school age. Method We recruited 73 school-aged children (ages 7–10 years) with a history of late talking ( n = 38) or typical development ( n = 35). Children completed measures of language skills and a flanker task to measure inhibition. School-age language outcome was measured as a continuous variable. Results Our analyses did not reveal associations between inhibition and school-age language index or history of late talking. However, stronger school-age language skills were associated with shorter overall response times on the flanker task, in both congruent and incongruent trials. This effect was not modulated by history of late talking, suggesting that a relationship between general response times and language development is similar in both children with typical early language development and late talkers. Conclusions Inhibition is not related to late talker language outcomes. However, children with better language outcomes had shorter general response times. We interpret this to reflect differences in general processing speed, suggesting that processing speed holds promise for predicting school-age language outcomes in both late talkers and children with typical early development. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14226722

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Relationship between sensitivity to temporal fine structure and spoken language abilities in children with mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss

10.31234/osf.io/qg87a ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Laurianne Cabrera ◽

Lorna Halliday

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

Fine Structure ◽

Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽

Spoken Language ◽

Sensorineural Hearing ◽

Temporal Fine Structure ◽

Language Outcomes ◽

Language Abilities ◽

Normal Limits ◽

History Of

Children with sensorineural hearing loss show considerable variability in spoken language outcomes. We tested whether specific deficits in supra-threshold auditory perception might contribute to this variability. In a previous study [Halliday, Rosen, Tuomainen, & Calcus, (2019), J. Acoust. Soc. Am, 146, 4299], children with mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss (MMHL) were shown to perform more poorly than normally hearing (NH) controls on measures designed to assess sensitivity to the temporal fine structure (TFS, the rapid oscillations in the amplitude of narrowband signals over short time intervals). However, they performed within normal limits on measures assessing sensitivity to the envelope (E; the slow fluctuations in the overall amplitude). Here, individual differences in unaided sensitivity to TFS accounted for significant variance in the spoken language abilities of children with MMHL, after controlling for nonverbal IQ, family history of language difficulties, and hearing loss severity. Aided sensitivity to TFS and E cues was equally important for children with MMHL, whereas for children with NH, E cues were more important. These findings suggest that deficits in TFS perception may contribute to the variability in spoken language outcomes in children with sensorineural hearing loss.

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Preschool Language Outcomes of Children With History of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Very Low Birth Weight

Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics ◽

10.1097/00004703-200102000-00003 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 19-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

LYNN T. SINGER ◽

A. CAROL SIEGEL ◽

BARBARA LEWIS ◽

SUZANNE HAWKINS ◽

TOYOKO YAMASHITA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽

Very Low Birth Weight ◽

Language Outcomes ◽

Preschool Language ◽

History Of

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Children Born Prematurely May Demonstrate Catch-Up Growth in Pre-Adolescence

Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools ◽

10.1044/2020_lshss-20-00111 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Jamie Mahurin-Smith ◽

Laura S. DeThorne ◽

Stephen A. Petrill

Keyword(s):

Gestational Age ◽

Low Birthweight ◽

Standardized Test ◽

Standard Test ◽

Full Term ◽

Language Outcomes ◽

History Of ◽

Catch Up ◽

Language Measures ◽

Time Point

Introduction Children born prematurely often score lower on standardized tests of language in early childhood. Less is known about longer term outcomes. This investigation considered language outcomes in pre-adolescent children born very preterm/very low birthweight, as assessed by both standardized test scores and language sample measures, and explored attention abilities as a possible moderating factor. Method The present investigation provided a longitudinal follow-up to Mahurin Smith et al. (2014) by examining the language outcomes of 84 children at the 11-year time point (39 with a history of prematurity and 45 born at full term) and a total of 82 at the 12-year time point (37 with a history of prematurity, 45 born at full term). Assessments included subtests of the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals– Fourth Edition, productive language measures taken from narrative tasks, and parent and examiner ratings of attention. Results Gestational age significantly predicted standardized language scores at age 11 years, but this effect was no longer statistically significant at age 12 years. When parent ratings of attention were considered as additional variables, gestational age was no longer a significant predictor. Gestational age did not serve as a significant predictor for the productive language measures at either time point. Discussion Results indicate that catch-up growth in language may take place in pre-adolescence for many children born prematurely. Clinical implications focus on the need to utilize multiple forms of language assessment and to directly consider the potential role of attention on standard test results.

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History of Middle Ear Involvement and Speech/Language Development in Late Talkers

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/jshr.3605.1055 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 36 (5) ◽

pp. 1055-1062 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Rhea Paul ◽

Timothy F. Lynn ◽

Marla Lohr-Flanders

Keyword(s):

Language Development ◽

Otitis Media ◽

Middle Ear ◽

Expressive Language ◽

Language Outcomes ◽

Speech And Language ◽

Language Services ◽

Late Talkers ◽

Language Outcome ◽

History Of

Late-talking and normally speaking toddlers with and without histories of middle ear involvement were followed for 2 years to assess speech and expressive language outcomes. Results revealed no differences in expressive language outcome that could be attributed to history of middle ear involvement in either group. There did seem to be differences in outcome on measures of articulation that were associated with history of middle ear involvement. The implications of these findings for treatment of otitis media and for referral of late-talking toddlers for speech and language services are discussed.

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Mixed Languages as Outcomes of Code-Switching: Recent Examples from Australia and Their Implications

Journal of Language Contact ◽

10.1163/000000008792525327 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 187-212 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Patrick McConvell

Keyword(s):

Language Contact ◽

Code Switching ◽

Language Outcomes ◽

Current Pattern ◽

Centre Of Gravity ◽

The World ◽

History Of ◽

Nominal Morphology ◽

Gravity Hypothesis ◽

Mixed Languages

AbstractThere has been much debate about whether mixed languages arise from code-switching. This paper presents one clear example of this kind of genesis, Gurindji Kriol, and other probable examples, from recent language contact in Australia between traditional Australian languages and English-based pidgins/creoles. In particular the paper focuses on what has been called the Verbal-Nominal split in the genesis of these languages, which is parallel to other cases elswhete in the world, such as Michif. Here the Verbal-Nominal split is reanalysed as a split between INFL (Tense-Aspect-Mood) dominated elements and the rest of the clause. There are two classes of such INFL mixed languages with contrasting characteristics: those in which the new language takes over the INFL elements and the nominal morphology is still drawn from the old language, like Gurindji Kriol; and those in which the verb and its morphology is retained from the old language but other elements are drawn from the new language. This is explained in terms of the 'arrested turnover' hypothesis of Myers-Scotton. The original 'centre of gravity' hypothesis of McConvell related the two kinds of mixed language outcomes to the grammatical type of the old language: whether it was 'dependent-marking' or 'headmarking'. In this paper this hypothesis is modified by seeing the important causal factor in the second type as incorporation of INFL and pronouns in the verb in head-marking and polysynthetic languages. Finally some other examples of mixed languages of the INFL-split type are mentioned, and a research program outlined aiming to detect where this kind of language-mixing forms part of the history of other languages by looking at the current pattern of composition of elements from different language sources.

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