On the Echolalia of the Blind and of the Autistic Child

1973 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren H. Fay
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Autistic Child ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Verbal Comprehension ◽  
Communication Development ◽  
Parental Reactions ◽  
The Common ◽  
Self Differentiation ◽  
Human Desire ◽  
Echoic Behavior

Of the multiple manifestations of childhood echolalia, two are remarkably similar and unique from other types: echolalia of the autistic child and of a subpopulation of the infant blind. From case studies of the echoic blind a rationale is developed to account for these similarities and for the common bases of the behavior in both conditions. Among the variables examined are the human desire for communication, development of an audiovocal skill, arrested language development, profound difficulties in verbal comprehension and self-differentiation, consequences of sensory restriction from birth, and parental reactions to these handicaps. It is concluded that the direct effects of sensory restriction in the blind (and perhaps perceptual restriction in the autistic) tend to delay or preclude acquisition of the meaning and structure systems of language. Nevertheless, the quasisocial echoic behavior persists, reflecting the human drive to participate in communication by speech.

Some thoughts on lexemes, the dome, and inner speech

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
William Benzon
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Cognitive Structure ◽  
External World ◽  
Inner Speech ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
The Common

Sydney Lamb’s model focuses our attention on the physicality of language, of the signs themselves as objects in the external world and the neural systems the support them. By means of the metaphor of a cognitive dome, he demonstrates that there is no firm line between linguistic and cognitive structure. In this context, I offer physically grounded accounts of Jakobson’s metalingual and emotive functions. Drawing on Vygotsky’s account of language development, I point out that inner speech, corresponding to the common sense notion of thought, originates in a circuit that goes through the external world and is then internalized.

Otitis Media and Language Development at 1 Year of Age

1988 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ina F. Wallace ◽  
Judith S. Gravel ◽  
Cecelia M. McCarton ◽  
Robert J. Ruben
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
First Year ◽  
Positive Group ◽  
Communication Development ◽  
Medical Visits ◽  
Bayley Scales

The effect of otitis media on emerging language was examined in a group of 1-year-olds. Based on pneumatic otoscopy, 15 babies were considered to be free of otitis media in both ears at 80% or more of their first year medical visits (otitis free) and 12 infants had bilaterally positive otoscopy results at 30% or more of their visits (otitis positive). Outcome measures at 1 year included the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (Bayley, 1969) and the Sequenced Inventory of Communication Development (SICD; Hedrick, Prather, & Tobin, 1984) Receptive and Expressive scales. No significant differences were detected on either the Bayley or the SICD Receptive scale. However, the otitis positive group exhibited significantly lower expressive language scores than the otitis free group, suggesting that impairments in language expression may be evident as early as 1 year of age in children with otitis media.

Bedtime Soliloquies and Linguistic Competence in Autism

1977 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane A M. Baltaxe ◽  
James Q. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Autistic Child ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Normal Child ◽  
Linguistic Competence ◽  
Language Training ◽  
Connected Discourse ◽  
Linguistic Strategies ◽  
Autistic Subject

This study investigates the linguistic competence of an autistic child by means of her bedtime soliloquies. It suggests the usefulness of such monologues as a diagnostic tool and addresses the question of the interrelationship between echolalia and language development. Three bedtime soliloquies of an eight-year-old echolalic autistic child are analyzed along the dimensions of echolalia versus prepositional speech, types of ungrammatically produced, and analysis of connected discourse. The results are compared with those of a normal child reported earlier in the literature. The present analysis demonstrates the difficulties in the judgment of prepositional versus echolalic speech. The types of ungrammaticality were found to be useful indicators of apparent differences between the acquisition process in the normal and the autistic child. They revealed that the autistic child may use specific linguistic strategies only minimally utilized by the normal child. The discourse analysis points up additional differences as well as similarities in the way the autistic subject organizes her utterances in connected discourse. It also shows that the autistic child has specific but limited linguistic competence. It is hypothesized that the autistic subject acquires more functional, useful language by a process of gradually breaking down echolalic patterns. In terms of therapy, these findings would support the use of echolalia as a basis for language training.

scholarly journals Considerações sobre o Desenvolvimento da Linguagem em Criança Autista / Considerations on Language Development in Autistic Child

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (57) ◽  
pp. 347-357
Author(s):  
Aurenia Pereira de França ◽  
Mitécia Raquel Rodrigues Castelo Branco Sampaio
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Autistic Child

Resumo: O autismo é um distúrbio de socialização de início precoce, cujas características aparecem desde os primeiros anos de vida da criança, afetando as áreas de interação social, de comunicação e comportamental. Assim, sabendo-se que a comunicação de crianças autistas possui peculiaridades e não segue o mesmo padrão observado em crianças normais, o presente estudo tem por objetivo discorrer acerca do desenvolvimento da linguagem em crianças autistas. Para tanto, a metodologia escolhida foi a revisão de literatura realizada em livros e artigos disponíveis em meio físico e eletrônico, cujos resultados são apresentados em forma de tópicos, onde inicialmente são traçadas algumas considerações gerais sobre o autismo e a linguagem, para ao seu final tratar da questão aquisição da linguagem pela criança autista.

scholarly journals Music therapy for supporting communication development for young children with complex needs in a specialist conductive education service

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiaoling Liang
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Music Therapy ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Music Therapists ◽  
Complex Needs ◽  
Communication Development ◽  
Speech And Language Development

<p>This research aimed to explore the ways in which I, as a music therapy student, could benefit speech and language development with children with complex needs in an early childhood service. Communication is one of the most important parts of our lives. It helps us to connect and build a relationship with others, families, friends and so on. Speech-language development is a core part in music therapy of Communication development for young children which aim to help children to express their inner feelings, emotions; to improve children’s understanding communication and interpret information from other people (Perry, 2003; Knight & Rabon 2017). This is theoretical exploratory research which contains various data from music therapy literature, music therapy audiovisual recordings in public domains, and reflective notes from general experience on placement. This research used a thematic analysis method. The data was interpreted in an open inductive way, discovering ideas and combinations of codes without assumptions, and finding new ideas from the sources. The data analysis method followed the guidelines of Braun & Clarke in 2006 which included six steps in the process: 1) familiarizing with data, 2) generating initial codes, 3) searching for themes, 4) reviewing themes, 5) defining and naming themes and 6) providing a report. This research found there were three main themes in response to the question how do music therapists support speech and language for young children. The most important fundamental process was “Building trust and familiarity” between therapist and child; the secondary theme or process was “Moving up together” which involved musical collaboration and enjoyment. Throughout these processes therapists used “flexible musical skills”. This exploratory study also helped me as a student music therapist to better understand how to facilitate and support speech and language development in my placement in a specialist conductive education facility.</p>

Making a case for mirror-neuron system involvement in language development: What about autism and blindness?

2005 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Théoret ◽  
Shirley Fecteau
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Mirror Neurons ◽  
Mirror Neuron System ◽  
Mirror Neuron ◽  
Human Language ◽  
Motor Resonance ◽  
Neuron System ◽  
Communication Development ◽  
System Involvement ◽  
Language Communication

The notion that manual gestures played an important role in the evolution of human language was strengthened by the discovery of mirror neurons in monkey area F5, the proposed homologue of human Broca's area. This idea is central to the thesis developed by Arbib, and lending further support to a link between motor resonance mechanisms and language/communication development is the case of autism and congenital blindness. We provide an account of how these conditions may relate to the aforementioned theory.

Die Bedeutung der pragmatischen Philosophie für die Entwicklung der Gesellschaft

Paragrana ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-39
Author(s):  
Jacques Poulain
Keyword(s):  
Human Action ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Social Experiment ◽  
Rule Of Reason ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Reason ◽  
False Image ◽  
The Common ◽  
Human Desire ◽  
Pragmatic Philosophy

AbstractAccording to Rorty, pragmatic philosophy asserts that it must play a role in determining the cultural politics, i. e. “which hopes and which programs for actions it must offer for a better future”. Based on Apel’s ethics of consensus and on the power of the best argument presented by Habermas, the social consensus appears to be able to regulate the total experiment of the human being with itself, and to identify the common needs and standards for a social reason of fairness. This pragmatic consensus to establish the rule of reason over desire, however, is based on a false image of the human being. In contrast, the experiment of the human being with itself can only be regulated by a judgment of truth on the human action and the human desire. The logic of truth only regulates this social experiment if the judgment of truth is actually shared between objectives and results.

Speech and Language Development in Preschool Twins

1987 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Hay ◽  
M. Prior ◽  
S. Collett ◽  
M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
Symbolic Play ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Reading Problems ◽  
Verbal Comprehension ◽  
Mental Maturity ◽  
Speech And Language Development

AbstractWhile language, articulation and reading problems have been well documented in young twins, it is not clear how extensive such problems can be or how early in childhood they become evident. At the age of 30 months, twin boys in the La Trobe Twin Study were 8 months behind matched singletons and twin girls on expressive language and 6 months behind on verbal comprehension. They were also 5 months behind on symbolic play and this delay was closely related to language. “Secret” language characterised most of the twin boys but not the girls and the relation of this to articulation delays is discussed. To examine if exposure to other children helps the twin boys, 38-53 month old twins and singletons were matched on the Columbia Mental Maturity Scale at the time of starting preschool. The twin boys had more articulation problems and all twins scored much lower on a Sociability questionnaire completed by the teacher. After 8 months at preschool, all children had advanced in Sociability, but the twins remained just as far behind with poor Sociability relating to poor articulation. The role of intervention programs is discussed.

Commercial Society and Christian Virtue: The Mandeville-Law Dispute

1989 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Nieli
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Commercial Society ◽  
Moral Virtues ◽  
The Common ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century ◽  
Human Desire ◽  
Bernard Mandeville ◽  
Material Progress

From earliest apostolic and patristic times, Christian writers have generally been suspicious of the common human desire to improve one's economic status. In Britain, however, by the end of the seventeenth century, this suspicion had all but vanished as most Christians began to accommodate themselves to the exigencies of an increasingly dynamic commercial society. This article takes up the early eighteenth-century controversy over the compatibility of traditional Christian moral virtues with the demands of economic and material progress as reflected in the writings of the two most important antagonists in the controversy, Bernard Mandeville and William Law. Although both Mandeville and Law spoke the language of Christian rigorism and perfectionism, and proclaimed attachment to the full austerity of the Christian Gospels, Mandeville, it is explained, was really a hedonist in disguise who feigned attachment to traditional Christian and Stoic ascetic principles merely to be able to discredit those principles. Law, it is explained, was a man of uncommon piety and devoutness who was shocked by the increasing secularism and materialism of his age, and who sought to recall his contemporaries to a life of true Christian holiness. The article concludes with an evaluation of the relative merits of the positions of each of the two thinkers.

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