Sudden Onset of Stuttering

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon L. Deal
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Social Responses ◽  
Delayed Auditory Feedback ◽  
Speech Evaluation ◽  
History Of

This report describes a 28-year-old male who suddenly began to stutter after an attempted suicide. The patient had a history of one prior stuttering episode lasting approximately one week, also following a suicide attempt. The speech evaluation documented that the patient stuttered on automatic overlearned social responses, during choral reading, during singing, while under the influence of white noise, and during an initial trial of delayed auditory feedback (DAF). In addition, the patient produced stuttering-like repetitions while merely miming speech. He did not demonstrate secondary stuttering symptoms and his nonfluencies were almost exclusively repetitions of initial or stressed syllables. An intervention program using DAF was initiated and in approximately one month the frequency of stuttering had markedly decreased. The behaviors exhibited by this patient are considered to characterize stuttering of sudden onset in adults due to significant psychological distress.

Increased risk of attempted suicide in Australian veterans is associated with total and permanent incapacitation, unemployment and posttraumatic stress disorder severity

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 552-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katelyn Kerr ◽  
Madeline Romaniuk ◽  
Sarah McLeay ◽  
Andrew Khoo ◽  
Michael T Dent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Background: Military veterans have higher rates of suicidality and completed suicides compared to the general population. Previous research has demonstrated suicidal behaviour is higher in US combat veterans who are younger, suffer from posttraumatic stress disorder, depression and anxiety and score lower on measures of health. However, research on predictors of suicide for Australian veterans is limited. The aim of this study was to identify significant demographic and psychological differences between veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder who had attempted suicide and those with posttraumatic stress disorder who had not, as well as determine predictors of suicide attempts within an Australian cohort. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 229 ex-service personnel diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder who had attended a Military Service Trauma Recovery Day Program as outpatients at Toowong Private Hospital from 2007 to 2014. Patients completed a battery of mental health self-report questionnaires assessing symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, alcohol use, anger, depression, anxiety and quality of life. Demographic information and self-reported history of suicide attempts were also recorded. Results: Results indicated the average age was significantly lower, and the rates of posttraumatic stress disorder, anger, anxiety and depression symptoms were significantly higher in those veterans with history of a suicide attempt. Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity, unemployment or total and permanent incapacity pension status significantly predicted suicide attempt history. Conclusion: Among a cohort of Australian veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder, psychopathology severity, unemployment and total and permanent incapacity status are significantly associated with suicidality. This study highlights the importance of early identification of posttraumatic stress disorder and psychopathology, therapeutic and social engagement, and prioritisation of tangible employment options or meaningful and goal-directed activities for veterans deemed unable to work.

Domestic Violence as a Risk Factor for Attempted Suicide in Married Women

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (23-24) ◽  
pp. 5753-5771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankajakshan Vijayanthi Indu ◽  
Sivaraman Remadevi ◽  
Karunakaran Vidhukumar ◽  
Peer Mohammed Shah Navas ◽  
Thekkethayyil Viswanathan Anilkumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
History Of

High rates of suicide attempts and domestic violence (DV) in women of reproductive age group have been reported from South India, but the association between them was not studied. Hence, this study was undertaken to assess whether DV is a risk factor for attempted suicide in married women of reproductive age group. A hospital-based case-control study with 77 incident cases of attempted suicide in married women of the age group of 18 to 45 years and 153 controls belonging to the same age group, without history of suicide attempt, was undertaken over a period of 6 months. Univariate and multivariate analyses were done. The crude odds ratio (cOR) for DV was found to be 6.15 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] = [2.95, 12.82], p value = .0001). Other statistically significant risk factors included younger age group (below 30 years); gross family income > Rs. 5,000; higher occupational status of spouse; having poor social support; having a family history of psychiatric disorders, substance use disorders, and suicide/suicide attempt; higher impulsiveness scores; having higher scores of stressful life events over the past 12 months, and alcohol use disorder in husband. Islamic faith was found to be a significant protective factor. On logistic regression, DV was found to be an independent risk factor for attempted suicide in this study population (adjusted OR = 3.79, 95% CI = [1.35, 10.62], p value = .011). Age groups, stressful life events, impulsiveness, and alcohol use disorder in husband were the confounders adjusted for in logistic regression along with other significant risk and protective factors. Significant dose–response relationship was also observed between DV and attempted suicide. In accordance with the stress-diathesis model for suicidal behavior, DV is found to be a stressor which precipitates suicide attempt in those with diathesis like family history of psychiatric disorders. Clinical, research, and policy implications of the findings are discussed.

Suicide attempters: Clinical characteristics and management

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S601-S601
Author(s):  
E. Gattoni ◽  
A. Feggi ◽  
C. Gramaglia ◽  
P. Bergamasco ◽  
I. Coppola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Suicidal Risk ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
History Of

BackgroundSuicide attempts, defined as self-inflicted, potentially injurious behaviors with a nonfatal outcome, and with evidence of intent to die are extremely prevalent. Literature suggests that suicide is more common among males, while attempted suicide is more frequent among females. Depression, mental disorders, substance use disorders and history of suicidal behavior are important risk factors for suicide: the risk of suicide attempt is 3 to 12 times higher in psychiatric patients than in the general population.AimThe aim of our study was to compare severity of depressive symptoms in a sample of suicide attempters with a diagnosis of bipolar and related disorders or depressive disorders and in a sample of sex- and diagnosis-matched patients who do not commit a suicide attempt. The severity of attempted suicide and the suicidal risk in the hospital will be assessed as well.Material and methodsWe collected a sample of inpatients who committed a suicide attempt during 2015. For each attempter, we selected another sex- and diagnosis-matched patient with no history of attempted suicide. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the sample were gathered. Assessment included: Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) for severity of depressive symptoms in both groups, Suicide Intent Scale (SIS) for the severity of attempted suicide and the suicidal risk with a nurse assessment for suicide.ResultsData collecting is still ongoing. We expected to find more severe symptoms in patients who attempted suicide. Clinical implication will be discussed.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of a nationwide aftercare program for suicide attempters

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 1447-1454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-J. Pan ◽  
W.-H. Chang ◽  
M.-B. Lee ◽  
C.-H. Chen ◽  
S.-C. Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Time To Death ◽  
Aftercare Services ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Prolonged Duration ◽  
History Of ◽  
Using Data

BackgroundThe effectiveness of large-scale interventions to prevent suicide among persons who previously attempted suicide remains to be determined. The National Suicide Surveillance System (NSSS), launched in Taiwan in 2006, is a structured nationwide intervention program for people who survived their suicide attempts. This naturalistic study examined its effectiveness using data from the first 3 years of its operation.MethodEffectiveness of the NSSS aftercare services was examined using a logistic/proportional odds mixture model, with eventual suicide as the outcome of interest. As well, we examined time until death for those who died and factors associated with eventual suicide.ResultsReceipt of aftercare services was associated with reduced risk for subsequent suicide; for service recipients who eventually killed themselves, there was a prolonged duration between the index and fatal attempts. Elderly attempters were particularly prone to a shorter duration between the index and fatal attempts. Male gender, the lethality potential of the index attempt, and a history of having had a mental disorder also were associated with higher risk.ConclusionsThe structured aftercare program of the NSSS appears to decrease suicides and to delay time to death for those who remained susceptible to suicide.

scholarly journals A Lived Experience Co-Designed Study Protocol for a Randomised Control Trial: The Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) or Brief Cognitive Behavioural Therapy as Additional Interventions After a Suicide Attempt Compared to a Standard Suicide Prevention Pathway (SPP).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas JC Stapelberg ◽  
Candice Bowman ◽  
Sabine Woerwag-Mehta ◽  
Sarah Walker ◽  
Angela Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Psychological Interventions ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Short Intervention

Abstract Background Despite being preventable, suicide is a leading cause of death and a major global public health problem. For every death by suicide, many more suicide attempts are undertaken, and this presents as a critical risk factor for suicide. Currently there are limited treatment options with limited underpinning research for those who present to Emergency Departments with suicidal behaviour. The aim of this study is to assess if adding one of two structured suicide specific psychological interventions (Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program [ASSIP] or Brief Cognitive Behavioural Therapy [CBT] for Suicide Prevention) to a standardised clinical care approach (Suicide Prevention Pathway [SPP]) improves outcomes for consumers presenting to a Mental Health Service with a suicide attempt. Methods This is a randomised controlled trial with blinding of those assessing the outcomes. People who attempt suicide or experience suicidality after a suicide attempt, present to the Gold Coast Mental Health and Specialist Services, are placed on the Suicide Prevention Pathway (SPP) and meet the eligibility criteria, are offered the opportunity to participate. A total of 411 participants will be recruited for the study, with 137 allocated to each cohort (participants are randomised to SPP, ASSIP + SPP, or CBT + SPP). The primary outcomes of this study are re-presentation to hospital with suicide attempt and/or suicidal ideations. Death by suicide rates will also be examined. Self-reported level of suicidality, depression, anxiety, stress, resilience, problem-solving skills, self- and therapist-reported level of therapeutic engagement are also being examined. Psychometric data are collected at baseline, end of interventions, 6,12, and 24 months. Discussion This project will move both ASSIP and Brief CBT from efficacy to effectiveness research, with clear aims of assessing the addition of two structured psychological interventions to treatment as usual, providing a cost-benefit analysis of the interventions, thus delivering outcomes providing a clear pathway for rapid translation of successful interventions. Trials registration : NCT04072666 - Registered on 28th August 2019 on Clinical Trials US Gov (https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04072666?term=NCT04072666&draw=2&rank=1) and ANZCTR (https://www.anzctr.org.au/TrialSearch.aspx)

Using audiovisual feedback during speaking

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (0) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Jennifer Chesters ◽  
Riikka Möttönen
Keyword(s):  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Native English Speakers ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Disruptive Effect ◽  
Delayed Auditory Feedback ◽  
Speech Fluency ◽  
Articulatory Movements ◽  
History Of ◽  
Delayed Visual Feedback

The sensory systems have an important role in speech production. Monitoring sensory consequences of articulatory movements supports fluent speaking. It is well known that delayed auditory feedback disrupts fluency of speech. Also, there is some evidence that immediate visual feedback, i.e., seeing one’s own articulatory movements in a mirror, decreases the disruptive effect of delayed auditory feedback (Jones and Striemer, 2007). It is unknown whether delayed visual feedback affects fluency of speech. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of delayed auditory, visual and audiovisual feedback on speech fluency. 20 native English speakers (with no history of speech and language problems) participated in the experiment. Participants received delayed (200 ms) or immediate auditory feedback, whilst repeating sentences. Moreover, they received either no visual feedback, immediate visual feedback or delayed visual feedback (200, 400, 600 ms). Under delayed auditory feedback, the duration of sentences was longer and number of speech errors was greater than under immediate auditory feedback, confirming that delayed auditory feedback disrupts speech. Immediate visual feedback had no effect on speech fluency. Importantly, fluency of speech was most disrupted when both auditory and visual feedback was delayed, suggesting that delayed visual feedback strengthened the disruptive effect of delayed auditory feedback. However, delayed visual feedback combined with immediate auditory feedback had no effect on speech fluency. Our findings demonstrate that although visual feedback is not available during speaking in every-day life, it can be integrated with auditory feedback and influence fluency of speech.

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