A Profile Analysis Approach to Interpretation of the Carrow Auditory-Visual Abilities Test

1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Powell ◽  
Chao-Ying Joanne Peng
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Analysis Procedure ◽  
Critical Values ◽  
Test Results ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Abnormal Visual ◽  
Standard Error Of Measurement ◽  
Level Of Analysis ◽  
Error Of Measurement

This paper describes a profile analysis procedure for use with the Carrow Auditory-Visual Abilities Test (CAVAT). The visual-auditory dichotomy, supported by factor analysis, is examined at one level of analysis. Critical values derived from the standard error of measurement of the difference (Sem/D) for each battery are provided allowing the identification of reliable and abnormal visual-auditory discrepancies. At another level of analysis, a procedure for profile analysis is outlined and critical values are included to facilitate the identification of relative strengths and weaknesses at the subtest level. Test results from 2 preschool children are examined and contrasted to illustrate the utility of the CAVAT in the identification of systematic modality preferences.

Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions: Comparison of Sequential versus Simultaneous Presentation of Primary-Tone Pairs

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (09) ◽  
pp. 471-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall C. Beattie
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Otoacoustic Emissions ◽  
Simultaneous Presentation ◽  
Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions ◽  
Sequential Presentation ◽  
Distortion Product ◽  
Simultaneous Protocol ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Standard Error Of Measurement ◽  
Error Of Measurement

This Grason-Stadler GSI-60 system for measuring distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) allows the examiner to present one set of primary-tone pairs at a time (i.e., sequential presentation), or to present as many as four sets of primary-tone pairs at a time (i.e., simultaneous presentation). The Sequential and Simultaneous protocols were used to compare administration times, DPOAEs, and noise floors (NFs) on normal-hearing subjects at three frequencies (f2 = 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz) and eight intensities (L1 = 40–75 dB SPL in 5 dB steps; L2 = 30–65 dB SPL). The Simultaneous protocol was completed in less than half the time (mean = 2 minutes, 21 seconds) required for the Sequential protocol (mean = 5 minutes, 13 seconds). When stimulus intensity (L1) was <60 dB SPL, the Sequential and Simultaneous protocols yielded similar DPOAEs and NFs. However, at the higher L1 intensities, the NFs for the Simultaneous protocol were larger than those for the Sequential protocol. The higher Simultaneous NFs reflect the greater system distortion/noise generated by the GSI-60 instrumentation. Reliability was assessed using the standard error of measurement of the difference between two scores. The data revealed no significant differences between protocols, and suggest that differences between two DPOAEs are statistically significant if they exceed ~7 dB (95% confidence interval). Este sistema Grason-Stadler (GSI-60) para la medición de emisiones otoacústicas por productos de distorsión (DPOAE) permite al examinador la presentación de un juego de pares de tonos primarios al mismo tiempo (p.e., presentación secuencial), o presentar hasta cuatro juegos de pares de tonos primarios a la vez (p.e., presentación simultánea). Se utilizaron los protocolos Secuencial y Simultáneo para comparar los tiempos de administración, las DPOAE y los pisos de ruido (NF) en sujetos normo-oyentes, en tres frecuencias (f2 = 1000, 2000 y 4000 Hz) y ocho intensidades (L1 = 40-75 dB en pasos de 5 dB; L2 = 30-65 dB SPL). El protocolo Simultáneo se completó en menos de la mitad del tiempo (media = 2 minutos, 21 segundos) requerido por el protocolo Secuencial (media = 5 minutos, 13 segundos). Cuando la intensidad del estímulo (L1) fue £60 dB SPL, los protocolos Secuencial y Simultáneo rindieron DPOAE y NF similares. Sin embargo, en las intensidades L1 más altas, los NF para el protocolo Simultáneo fueron mayores que aquellas para el protocolo Secuencial. Los NF Simultáneos más altos reflejan la mayor distorsión/ruido del sistema, generado por la instrumentación del GSI-60. La confiabilidad fue evaluada utilizando el error estándar de medición de la diferencia entre los dos puntajes. Los datos revelaron que no había diferencias significativas entre los protocolos, y sugieren que las diferencias entre dos DPOAE son estadísticamente significativas si exceden ~7 dB (intervalo de confianza del 95%).

scholarly journals Development of a Self-Report Measure of Fearful Activities for Patients With Low Back Pain: The Fear of Daily Activities Questionnaire

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. 969-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Z. George ◽  
Carolina Valencia ◽  
Giorgio Zeppieri ◽  
Michael E. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Physical Impairment ◽  
Minimal Detectable Change ◽  
Detectable Change ◽  
Standard Error Of Measurement ◽  
Report Measure ◽  
Error Of Measurement

Background Self-report measures for assessing specific fear of activities have not been reported in the peer-reviewed literature, but are necessary to adequately test treatment hypotheses related to fear-avoidance models. Objective This study described psychomotor properties of a novel self-report measure, the Fear of Daily Activities Questionnaire (FDAQ). Design A prospective cohort design was used. Methods Reliability and validity cohorts were recruited from outpatient physical therapy clinics. Analyses for the reliability cohort included internal consistency and 48-hour test-retest coefficients, as well as standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change estimates. Analyses for the validity cohort included factor analysis for construct validity and correlation and multiple regression analyses for concurrent and predictive validity. Four-week responsiveness was assessed by paired t test, effect size calculation, and percentage of patients meeting or achieving MDC criterion. Results The FDAQ demonstrated adequate internal consistency (Cronbach alpha=.91, 95% confidence interval=.87–.95) and 48-hour test-retest properties (intraclass correlation coefficient=.90, 95% confidence interval=.82–.94). The standard error of measurement for the FDAQ was 6.6, resulting in a minimal detectable change of 12.9. Factor analysis suggested a 2- or 3-factor solution consisting of loaded spine, postural, and spinal movement factors. The FDAQ demonstrated concurrent validity by contributing variance to disability (baseline and 4 weeks) and physical impairment (baseline) scores. In predictive validity analyses, baseline FDAQ scores did not contribute variance to 4-week disability and physical impairment scores, but changes in FDAQ scores were associated with changes in disability. The FDAQ scores significantly decreased over a 4-week treatment period, with an effect size of .86 and 55% of participants meeting the minimal detectable change criterion. Limitations The validity cohort was a secondary analysis of a clinical trial, and additional research is needed to confirm these findings in other samples. Conclusions The FDAQ is a potentially viable measure for fear of specific activities in physical therapy settings. These analyses suggest the FDAQ may be appropriate for determining graded exposure treatment plans and monitoring changes in fear levels, but is not appropriate as a screening tool.

scholarly journals Psychometric evaluation of the Persian version of the Successful Aging Inventory

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1754
Author(s):  
Masoumeh Fazeli Tarmazdi ◽  
Zahra Tagharrobi ◽  
Zahra Sooki ◽  
Khadijeh Sharifi
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Successful Aging ◽  
Detectable Change ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Persian Version ◽  
Smallest Detectable Change ◽  
Standard Error Of Measurement ◽  
Error Of Measurement

Background: The first step to successful aging planning is to assess the current status using valid instruments. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Successful Aging Inventory (SAI). Materials and Methods: In the first step, SAI. was translated through forward-backward translation, and its face and content validity were qualitatively and quantitatively assessed. For construct validity assessment, 300 elderly were recruited through multi-stage random sampling. Exploratory factor analysis and known-group comparison were used. SAI reliability through internal consistency and stability was assessed using the Cronbach’s alpha values of the inventory and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), respectively. The standard error of measurement, smallest detectable change, and floor and ceiling effects were calculated. Results: The impact scores, content validity ratios, and content validity indices of all items were more than 1.5, 0.62, and 0.8, respectively. The scale-level content validity index was 0.94. Factor analysis identified four factors for the inventory, which explained 58.17% of the total variance of the SAI score. SAI mean score among mentally healthy participants was significantly higher (P<0.001). The relative frequencies with the lowest and highest possible scores of SAI were 0 and 3.7%, respectively. The Cronbach’s alpha, ICC, standard error of measurement, and the smallest detectable change of SAI were 0.835, 0.999, ±0.47, and 1.9, respectively. Conclusion: As a valid and reliable instrument, the Persian version of SAI could be used for a successful aging assessment. [GMJ.2020;9:e1754]

Experiences in Field Testing a Variety of Aeration Equipment in Sweden and in the U.S.A. by Offgas Analysis

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 1421-1429
Author(s):  
D. T. Redmon ◽  
W. C. Boyle ◽  
B. G. Hellstrom
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Transfer ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Analysis Procedure ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Transfer Testing ◽  
Parallel Tests

The background and theory of the offgas analysis procedure used in oxygen transfer testing of diffused aeration tanks is reviewed. Correlation of this method with other applicable procedures in parallel tests is reported. State-of-the-art equipment and accessories are described. Advantages of the procedure are identified, as are precautionary considerations regarding its use. Applications considered appropriate for its employment are delineated. Experience and test results in both Sweden and the U.S.A. on a variety of aeration devices are disclosed.

scholarly journals Influence of Tool Length and Profile Errors on the Inaccuracy of Cubic-Machining Test Results

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Zongze Li ◽  
Hiroki Ogata ◽  
Ryuta Sato ◽  
Keiichi Shirase ◽  
Shigehiko Sakamoto
Keyword(s):  
Machine Tools ◽  
Test Accuracy ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Machining Error ◽  
Tool Profile ◽  
Machining Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Side Error ◽  
Profile Errors ◽  
Five Axis

A cubic-machining test has been proposed to evaluate the geometric errors of rotary axes in five-axis machine tools using a 3 × 3 zone area in the same plane with different tool postures. However, as only the height deviation among the machining zones is detected by evaluating the test results, the machining test results are expected to be affected by some error parameters of tool sides, such as tool length and profile errors, and there is no research investigation on how the tool side error influences the cubic-machining test accuracy. In this study, machining inaccuracies caused by tool length and tool profile errors were investigated. The machining error caused by tool length error was formulated, and an intentional tool length error was introduced in the simulations and actual machining tests. As a result, the formulated and simulated influence of tool length error agreed with the actual machining results. Moreover, it was confirmed that the difference between the simulation result and the actual machining result can be explained by the influence of the tool profile error. This indicates that the accuracy of the cubic-machining test is directly affected by tool side errors.

scholarly journals Experimental Study of the Space–Time Effect of a Double-Pipe Frozen Curtain Formation with Different Groundwater Velocities

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3830
Author(s):  
Shicheng Sun ◽  
Chuanxin Rong ◽  
Hua Cheng ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
Xiaogang Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Freezing Temperature ◽  
Physical Model Test ◽  
Sand Layer ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Groundwater Velocity ◽  
Test Platform ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Freezing Test ◽  
Double Pipe ◽  
Thermal Physical Properties

Groundwater velocity has significant effects on the formation of a frozen curtain during freezing. In order to study the influence of the velocity on a frozen curtain, a large physical model test platform was established for double-pipe freezing. Based on this platform, freezing tests for different velocities were carried out. Quartz sand was selected as a similar material. The freezing temperature of the saturated sand layer was found by analyzing the results of the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Based on the study of the thermal physical properties of the sand layer, the freezing test results were analyzed, and the results showed that the flow led to the differential development of the temperature between the upstream and downstream sections of the freezing pipes. Moreover, the larger the velocity, the greater the difference. The flow prolonged the overlapping time of the frozen curtains. Additionally, the flow slowed down the development of the frozen curtain area and the frozen curtain thickness. The larger the flow velocity, the greater the inhibition of the flow on the development of the frozen curtain. The test results can provide more references for the design and construction of freezing engineering with flowing groundwater.

scholarly journals Validation of the German version of the Family Reported Outcome Measure (FROM-16) to assess the impact of disease on the partner or family member

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne A. Elsner ◽  
Sam S. Salek ◽  
Andrew Y. Finlay ◽  
Anna Hagemeier ◽  
Catherine J. Bottomley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Family Member ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Test Validity ◽  
Family Members ◽  
German Version ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The Family Reported Outcome Measure (FROM-16) assesses the impact of a patient’s chronic illness on the quality of life (QoL) of the patient’s partner or family members. The aim of the study was to translate, explore the structure of and validate the FROM-16. Methods The questionnaire was translated from English into German (forward, backward, four independent translators). Six interviews with family members were conducted to confirm the questionnaire for linguistic, conceptual, semantic and experiential equivalence and its practicability. The final German translation was tested for internal consistency, reproducibility and test validity. Criterion validity was tested by correlating the scores of the FROM-16 and the Global Health Scale (GHS). Principal component analysis, factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the questionnaire’s structure and its domains. Reliability and reproducibility were tested computing the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) using one sample t-test for testing the hypothesis that the difference between the scores was not different from zero. Results Overall, 83 family members (61% female, median age: 61 years) completed the questionnaire at two different times (mean interval: 22 days). Internal consistency was good for the FROM-16 scores (Cronbach’s α for total score = 0.86). In those with stable GHS, the ICC for the total score was 0.87 and the difference was not different from zero (p = 0.262) indicating reproducible results. A bi-factor model with a general factor including all items, and two sub-factors comprising the items from the original 2-factor construct had the best fit. Conclusions The German FROM-16 has good reliability, test validity and practicability. It can be considered as an appropriate and generic tool to measure QoL of a patient’s partner or family member. Due to the presence of several cross-loadings we do not recommend the reporting of the scores of the two domains proposed for the original version of FROM-16 when using the German version. Thus, in reporting the results emphasis should be put on the total score. Trial registration: Retrospectively registered: DRKS00021070.

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