A Framework for Curriculum-Based Language Evaluations

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (16) ◽  
pp. 67-87
Author(s):  
Jayne Brandel ◽  
Douglas B. Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Language Evaluations

scholarly journals SURG-40. SURGICAL RESECTIONS IN BROCA’S AREA DO NOT LEAD TO BROCA’S APHASIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii212-ii212
Author(s):  
John Andrews ◽  
Nathan Cahn ◽  
Benjamin Speidel ◽  
Valerie Lu ◽  
Mitchel Berger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Brain Surgery ◽  
Broca’S Area ◽  
Broca's Area ◽  
Supramarginal Gyrus ◽  
Broca's Aphasia ◽  
Broca’S Aphasia ◽  
Language Evaluations ◽  
Lesion Symptom Mapping ◽  
Normal Speech

Abstract Brodmann’s areas 44/45 of the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), are the seat of Broca’s area. The Western Aphasia Battery is a commonly used language battery that diagnoses aphasias based on fluency, comprehension, naming and repetition. Broca’s aphasia is defined as low fluency (0-4/10), retained comprehension (4-10/10), and variable deficits in repetition (0-7.9/10) and naming (0-8/10). The purpose of this study was to find anatomic areas associated with Broca’s aphasia. Patients who underwent resective brain surgery in the dominant hemisphere were evaluated with standardized language batteries pre-op, POD 2, and 1-month post-op. The resection cavities were outlined to construct 3D-volumes of interest. These were aligned using an affine transformation to MNI brain space. A voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM) algorithm determined areas associated with Broca’s aphasia when incorporated into a resection. Post-op MRIs were reviewed blindly and percent involvement of pars orbitalis, triangularis and opercularis was recorded. 287 patients had pre-op and POD 2 language evaluations and 178 had 1 month post-op language evaluation. 82/287 patients had IFG involvement in resections. Only 5/82 IFG resections led to Broca’s aphasia. 11/16 patients with Broca’s aphasia at POD 2 had no involvement of IFG in resection. 35% of IFG resections were associated with non-specific dysnomia and 36% were normal. By one-month, 76% of patients had normal speech. 80% of patients with Broca’s aphasia at POD 2 improved to normal speech at 1-month, with 20% improved to non-specific dysnomia. The most highly correlated (P< 0.005) anatomic areas with Broca’s aphasia were juxta-sylvian pre- and post-central gyrus extending to supramarginal gyrus. While Broca’s area resections were rarely associated with Broca’s aphasia, juxta-sylvian pre- and post-central gyri extending to the supramarginal gyrus were statistically associated with Broca’s type aphasia when resected. These results have implications for planning resective brain surgery in these presumed eloquent brain areas.

Navajo Speech and Language Evaluation

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-34
Author(s):  
Christine B. Vining ◽  
Davis E. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
American Indian ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Alternative Assessment ◽  
Coordinated Care ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Indian Children ◽  
Language Evaluations ◽  
Typical Experience ◽  
Assessment Procedures

The case study highlights the importance of culturally and linguistically appropriate assessment of young Navajo/American Indian children and the importance of alternative assessment procedures to support appropriate diagnoses and recommendations. The case also illustrates systemic issues that result in lack of coordinated care, appropriate diagnosis, and lack of American Indian speech-language pathologists who understand linguistic and cultural differences. The case is based on a typical experience when clinicians who are not familiar with the Navajo language perform speech-language evaluations in Navajo-speaking communities.

Elicitor Effects on the Language Obtained from Young Language-Impaired Children

1978 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley B. Olswang ◽  
Robert L. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Language Impaired ◽  
Semantic Categories ◽  
Speech Language Pathologist ◽  
Evaluation Procedures ◽  
Grammatical Morphemes ◽  
Language Evaluations ◽  
Expressive Language Development ◽  
Mean Length Of Utterance ◽  
Impaired Children

Language samples are typically obtained during speech and language evaluations by the speech-language pathologist to assess the level of expressive language development of young children. These samples are assumed to be accurate representations of the children’s language skills. This study examines the effects of the elicitor on the language obtained from three- to six-year-old language-impaired children in a clinical setting. A corpus of nonimitated utterances was collected in 25 min from each of the nine subjects under two conditions: mother as elicitor and clinician as elicitor. The corpus of language collected under each condition was examined using the following measures: (1) numeric-number of utterances; (2) lexical-vocabulary type-token ratio: (3) grammatic-mean length of utterance, (4) percentage of one-morpheme utterances, (5) percentage of two-morpheme utterances, (6) percentage of three- or more morpheme utterances, (7) proportion of grammatical morphemes per utterance (8) semantic-percentage occurrence of semantic categories, and (9) type-token ratio for each of the 13 semantic categories. The data analysis revealed that the elicitor affected the number of utterances collected in a specific time period, but neither the lexical, grammatic, nor semantic aspects of the utterances were affected. The results state practical implications for evaluation procedures used in a clinical setting.

scholarly journals Communication Limitations in Patients With Progressive Apraxia of Speech and Aphasia

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 1976-1986
Author(s):  
Rene L. Utianski ◽  
Heather M. Clark ◽  
Joseph R. Duffy ◽  
Hugo Botha ◽  
Jennifer L. Whitwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Communication ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Motor Speech ◽  
Entire Cohort ◽  
Severity Rating ◽  
Speech Language Pathologist ◽  
Motor Speech Disorder ◽  
Language Evaluations ◽  
Language Measures

Purpose Individuals with primary progressive apraxia of speech (AOS) have AOS in which disruptions in articulation and prosody predominate the speech pattern. Many develop aphasia and/or dysarthria later in the disease course. The aim of this study was to describe the communication limitations in these patients, as measured by (a) the patient via the Communicative Participation Item Bank (CPIB) and (b) the speech-language pathologist via the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association's (ASHA) Functional Communication Measures (FCMs) and an adapted motor speech disorder (MSD) severity rating. Method Speech and language evaluations were completed for 24 patients with progressive AOS ( n = 7 with isolated AOS; n = 17 with a combination of AOS and aphasia). Descriptive comparisons were utilized to evaluate differences in communication measures among patients with various combinations of MSDs and aphasia. Differences associated with phonetic predominant or prosodic predominant AOS were also examined. Across the entire cohort, correlations were calculated between the participation ratings and other clinical assessment measures. Results The CPIB reflected greater limitations for those with aphasia and AOS compared to isolated AOS, but was not notably different when dysarthria occurred with AOS ( n = 9/24). Across the cohort, there were statistically significant correlations between the CPIB and ASHA FCM–Motor Speech and Language Expression ratings and the MSD severity rating. The CPIB did not correlate with the ASHA FCM–Language Comprehension or other speech-language measures. Conclusions Patients with neurodegenerative AOS experience reduced participation in communication that is further exacerbated by co-occurring language deficits. The study suggests measures of severity cannot be assumed to correlate with measures of participation restrictions and offers a foundation for further research examining the day-to-day sequela of progressive speech and language disorders. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12743252

scholarly journals Attention, Speech-Language Dissociations, and Stuttering Chronicity

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cara M. Singer ◽  
Tedra A. Walden ◽  
Robin M. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Expressive Vocabulary ◽  
Final Time ◽  
Attention Span ◽  
Final Time Point ◽  
Language Evaluations ◽  
Developmental Stuttering

Summary The purpose of this study was to investigate the singular and joint contributions of speech-language dissociations and attention (i.e., distractibility and attention span) to stuttering chronicity. Method Participants, aged 3;0–4;11 (years;months) at an initial visit, were classified as persisting ( n = 10; 9 boys), recovered ( n = 32; 23 boys), and nonstuttering ( n = 28; 19 boys) based on multiple speech and language evaluations spread across 2 years. The evaluations included assessments of articulation, receptive and expressive vocabulary, and omnibus receptive and expressive language. These measures were used to identify speech-language dissociations using a correlation-based statistical approach. Attentional characteristics, which included measures of distractibility and attention span, were based on parent report. Analyses investigated between-group differences related to dissociations and attentional characteristics as well as the relation between these indices. Results There were no significant between-group differences for the persisting and recovered groups on measures of speech-language dissociations; however, the recovered group was found to exhibit less optimal attention span than the persisting group. In addition, children with dissociations exhibited less optimal distractibility and attention spans at the final time point than children without dissociations. Conclusions Present results indicate that attention is related to both stuttering chronicity and the presence of speech-language dissociations; however, they do not support the notion that dissociations are associated with stuttering persistence. These results provide novel insights into the complex nature of the association between developmental stuttering, speech-language dissociations, and attention.

Validation of an Early Language Milestone Scale in a High-Risk Population

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 677-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Coplan ◽  
John R. Gleason ◽  
Rita Ryan ◽  
Michael G. Burke ◽  
Margaret L. Williams
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Developmental Disability ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Clinical Psychologist ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Early Language ◽  
Speech Pathologist ◽  
Language Evaluations

Detailed language evaluations were obtained by interviewing the parents of 191 healthy children aged 0 to 3 years, and by testing the children themselves. From these data, normative values were derived for 41 language milestones in the first 36 months of life. These values were used to construct the Early Language Milestone Scale (ELM Scale), a brief language assessment tool suitable for use by general pediatricians. Physician use of the ELM Scale in a population of 119 children considered at high risk for the presence of developmental disability yielded 97% sensitivity and 93% specificity for the ELM Scale as a detector of developmentally delayed children, when compared with more formal developmental measures as applied by a clinical psychologist or speech pathologist. Early language milestones are a sensitive indicator of developmental integrity; delayed achievement of early language milestones strongly suggests the presence of a significant underlying developmental disability. The ELM Scale may be adopted as a valid measure of developmental status among children considered at high risk for the presence of developmental disabilities.

scholarly journals Verbal and non-verbal semantic impairment: From fluent primary progressive aphasia to semantic dementia

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirna Lie Hosogi Senaha ◽  
Paulo Caramelli ◽  
Claudia Sellitto Porto ◽  
Ricardo Nitrini
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Primary Progressive Aphasia ◽  
Semantic Dementia ◽  
Progressive Aphasia ◽  
Primary Progressive ◽  
Paired Control ◽  
Language Evaluations ◽  
Episodic Memories ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Selective Impairment

Abstract Selective disturbances of semantic memory have attracted the interest of many investigators and the question of the existence of single or multiple semantic systems remains a very controversial theme in the literature. Objectives: To discuss the question of multiple semantic systems based on a longitudinal study of a patient who presented semantic dementia from fluent primary progressive aphasia. Methods: A 66 year-old woman with selective impairment of semantic memory was examined on two occasions, undergoing neuropsychological and language evaluations, the results of which were compared to those of three paired control individuals. Results: In the first evaluation, physical examination was normal and the score on the Mini-Mental State Examination was 26. Language evaluation revealed fluent speech, anomia, disturbance in word comprehension, preservation of the syntactic and phonological aspects of the language, besides surface dyslexia and dysgraphia. Autobiographical and episodic memories were relatively preserved. In semantic memory tests, the following dissociation was found: disturbance of verbal semantic memory with preservation of non-verbal semantic memory. Magnetic resonance of the brain revealed marked atrophy of the left anterior temporal lobe. After 14 months, the difficulties in verbal semantic memory had become more severe and the semantic disturbance, limited initially to the linguistic sphere, had worsened to involve non-verbal domains. Conclusions: Given the dissociation found in the first examination, we believe there is sufficient clinical evidence to refute the existence of a unitary semantic system.

scholarly journals Evolution of language assessment in patients with acquired neurological disorders in Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Alice de Mattos Pimenta Parente ◽  
Roberta Roque Baradel ◽  
Rochele Paz Fonseca ◽  
Natalie Pereira ◽  
Maria Teresa Carthery-Goulart
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Speech Pathology ◽  
Evolution Of Language ◽  
University Professors ◽  
Language Assessments ◽  
Language Evaluations ◽  
Evaluation Approaches ◽  
Recent Tendency

The objective of this paper was to describe the evolution of language assessments in patients with acquired neurological diseases over a period of around 45 years from 1970, when interdisciplinarity in Neuropsychology first began in Brazil, to the present day. The first twenty years of data was based on memories of Speech Pathology University Professors who were in charge of teaching aphasia. We then show the contributions of Linguistics, Cognitive Psychology, as well as Psycholinguistic and Psychometric criteria, to language evaluation. Finally, the current panorama of adaptations and creations of validated and standardized instruments is given, based on a search of the databases Pubmed, Scopus and Lilacs. Our closing remarks highlight the diversity in evaluation approaches and the recent tendency of language evaluations linked to new technologies such as brain imaging and computational analysis.

scholarly journals Evaluating atypical language in autism using automated language measures

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra C. Salem ◽  
Heather MacFarlane ◽  
Joel R. Adams ◽  
Grace O. Lawley ◽  
Jill K. Dolata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Language Outcome ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
Language Evaluations ◽  
Adjusted Logistic Regression ◽  
Language Measures ◽  
Mean Length Of Utterance

AbstractMeasurement of language atypicalities in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is cumbersome and costly. Better language outcome measures are needed. Using language transcripts, we generated Automated Language Measures (ALMs) and tested their validity. 169 participants (96 ASD, 28 TD, 45 ADHD) ages 7 to 17 were evaluated with the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. Transcripts of one task were analyzed to generate seven ALMs: mean length of utterance in morphemes, number of different word roots (NDWR), um proportion, content maze proportion, unintelligible proportion, c-units per minute, and repetition proportion. With the exception of repetition proportion (p $$= .07$$ = . 07 ), nonparametric ANOVAs showed significant group differences (p$$< 0.01$$ < 0.01 ). The TD and ADHD groups did not differ from each other in post-hoc analyses. With the exception of NDWR, the ASD group showed significantly (p$$< 0.01$$ < 0.01 ) lower scores than both comparison groups. The ALMs were correlated with standardized clinical and language evaluations of ASD. In age- and IQ-adjusted logistic regression analyses, four ALMs significantly predicted ASD status with satisfactory accuracy (67.9–75.5%). When ALMs were combined together, accuracy improved to 82.4%. These ALMs offer a promising approach for generating novel outcome measures.

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