Epidemiology of Physician-Diagnosed Allergic Rhinitis in Childhood

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 895-901
Author(s):  
Anne L. Wright ◽  
Catharine J. Holberg ◽  
Marilyn Halonen ◽  
Fernando D. Martinez ◽  
Wayne Morgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
First Year ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Early Introduction ◽  
Maternal Cigarette Smoking ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Year Of Life

Objective. To investigate the natural history of and risk factors for allergic rhinitis in the first 6 years of life. Methods. Parents of 747 healthy children followed from birth completed a questionnaire when the child was 6 years old. Data were obtained regarding physician-diagnosed allergic rhinitis (PDAR), associated symptoms, and age at onset. Risk-factor data were taken from earlier questionnaires, and data regarding immunoglobulin E (IgE) and skin-test reactivity were obtained at age 6. Results. By the age of 6, 42% of children had PDAR. Children whose rhinitis began in the first year of life had more respiratory symptoms at age 6 and were more likely to have a diagnosis of asthma. Early introduction of foods or formula, heavy maternal cigarette smoking in the first year of life, and higher IgE, as well as parental allergic disorders, were associated with early development of rhinitis. Risk factors for PDAR that remained significant in a multivanate model included maternal history of physician-diagnosed allergy (odds ratio: 2.2, 95% confidence interval: 1.35-3.54), asthma in the child (4.06, 2.06-7.99), and IgE greater than 100 IU/mL at age 6 (1.93, 1.18-3.17). The odds for atopic as opposed to nonatopic PDAR were significantly higher only among those with high IgE and those who had dogs. Conclusion. Allergic rhinitis developing in the first years of life is an early manifestation of an atopic predisposition, which may be triggered by early environmental exposures.

scholarly journals Early Infant Feeding Practices as Possible Risk Factors for Immunoglobulin E-Mediated Food Allergies in Kuwait

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalal Alkazemi ◽  
Munirah Albeajan ◽  
Stan Kubow
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
First Year ◽  
Antibiotic Exposure ◽  
Pediatric Allergy ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Ige Mediated ◽  
First Year Of Life

Objective. Early feeding and infant exposures have been suggested as potential risk factors for immunoglobulin E- (IgE-) mediated food allergy (FA). We aimed to evaluate the association between IgE-mediated FA in children and early exposures including the child’s nutritional status, breastfeeding and its duration, the age at which the solid food was first introduced, antibiotic exposure during the first year of life, and the child’s vitamin D status during infancy. Design. A case-control study. Setting and Subjects. Children aged 0–13 years were recruited from pediatric allergy and immunology clinics (PAICs) located at major government hospitals in Kuwait (total FA cases: n=100; boys = 67%), and healthy controls (n=100, boys 55%) were recruited from various vaccination units at primary healthcare centers. Results. Cow’s milk allergy was the most common type of FA. FA status was independently associated with the early exposures of exclusive breastfeeding (aOR = 15.55 (3.26–74.19), p=0.001), vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency during infancy (aOR = 5.42 (1.92–15.30), p=0.001), and antibiotic exposure during the first year of life (aOR = 5.00 (1.58–15.84), p=0.006). Conclusions. FA is highly prevalent among children in Kuwait, and our data indicate that early nutrition-related and antibiotic exposures are associated with FA risk.

scholarly journals Epidemiological aspects of and risk factors for wheezing in the first year of life

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 617-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamilton Rosendo Fogaça ◽  
Fernando Augusto de Lima Marson ◽  
Adyléia Aparecida Dalbo Contrera Toro ◽  
Dirceu Solé ◽  
José Dirceu Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
International Study ◽  
First Episode ◽  
First Year ◽  
Recurrent Wheezing ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
First Year Of Life

OBJECTIVE: To determine, in a sample of infants, the prevalence of and risk factors for occasional wheezing (OW) and recurrent wheezing-wheezy baby syndrome (WBS). METHODS: Parents of infants (12-15 months of age) completed the International Study of Wheezing in Infants questionnaire. RESULTS: We included 1,269 infants residing in the city of Blumenau, Brazil. Of those, 715 (56.34%) had a history of wheezing, which was more common among boys. The prevalences of OW and WBS were 27.03% (n = 343) and 29.31% (n = 372), respectively. On average, the first wheezing episode occurred at 5.55 ± 2.87 months of age. Among the 715 infants with a history of wheezing, the first episode occurred within the first six months of life in 479 (66.99%), and 372 (52.03%) had had three or more episodes. Factors associated with wheezing in general were pneumonia; oral corticosteroid use; a cold; attending daycare; having a parent with asthma or allergies; mother working outside the home; male gender; no breastfeeding; and mold. Factors associated with WBS were a cold; physician-diagnosed asthma; ER visits; corticosteroid use; pneumonia; bronchitis; dyspnea; attending daycare; bronchodilator use; having a parent with asthma; no breastfeeding; mother working outside the home; and a dog in the household. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of wheezing in the studied population was high (56.34%). The etiology was multifactorial, and the risk factors were intrinsic and extrinsic (respiratory tract infections, allergies, attending daycare, and early wheezing). The high prevalence and the intrinsic risk factors indicate the need and the opportunity for epidemiological and genetic studies in this population. In addition, mothers should be encouraged to prolong breastfeeding and to keep infants under six months of age out of daycare.

scholarly journals Prevalence of allergic rhinitis, related comorbidities and risk factors in schoolchildren

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Sultész ◽  
Alpár Horváth ◽  
Dávid Molnár ◽  
Gábor Katona ◽  
Györgyi Mezei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis ◽  
First Year ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
At Home

Abstract Background The study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of allergic rhinitis and related comorbidities in school-age children in Budapest, capital of Hungary. Data and epidemiological studies on this disease are still limited. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted in 21 representative and randomly selected primary schools in 2019. International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood-based questionnaires (n = 6869) inquiring about prevalence and related risk factors of allergic rhinitis were distributed to all parents. The data were characterised with standard descriptive statistics: frequencies (percentages) and means for categorical and quantitative data, respectively. Results 3836 of the questionnaires (1857 M/1979F) were completed. The prevalence of current allergic rhinitis was 29.3% (1043), physician-diagnosed allergic rhinitis was 9.7% (373), cumulative allergic rhinitis was 36.2% (1289) and current allergic rhinoconjunctivitis was 16.2% (577). The presence of physician diagnosed atopic disease–asthma (p < 0.0001, OR = 4.398, 95% CI 3.356–5.807), food allergy (p < 0.0001, OR = 2.594, 95% CI 1.995–3.378), and eczema (p < 0.0001, OR = 1.899, 95% CI 1.568–2.300)-were significantly related to an increased risk of cumulative allergic rhinitis. Significant factors associated with allergic rhinitis include male gender (p < 0.0001), family history of atopy (p < 0.0001), frequent upper respiratory tract infections (p < 0.0001), tonsillectomy (p = 0.0054), antibiotics given in the first year of life (p < 0.0001), paracetamol given in the first year of life (p = 0.0038), long-lasting common infections caused by viruses and/or bacteria before the appearance of the allergy (p < 0.0001), consumption of drinks containing preservatives or colourants (p = 0.0023), duration of living in Budapest (p = 0.0386), smoking at home (p = 0.0218), smoking at home in the first year of life (p = 0.0048), birds at home (p = 0.0119), birds at home in the first year of life (p = 0.0052), visible mould in the bedroom (p = 0.0139), featherbedding (p = 0.0126), frequent or constant heavy-vehicle traffic (p = 0.0039), living in a weedy area (p < 0.0001) and living in the vicinity of an air-polluting factory or mine (p = 0.0128). Conclusions The prevalence of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in 6–12-year-old children in Budapest is higher than reported for most of the surrounding European countries. While asthma (OR = 4.398) is the most significant comorbidity, environmental factors such as birds at home in the first year of life (OR = 2.394) and living in a weedy area (OR = 1.640) seem to be the most important factors associated with AR. Strategies for preventive measures should be implemented. Trial registration number: KUT-19/2019. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee at Heim Pál National Pediatric Institute,

scholarly journals Risk factor analysis of allergic rhinitis in 6–8 year-old children in Taipei

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249572
Author(s):  
Ciao-Lin Ho ◽  
Wei-Fong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
First Year Of Life

The incidence of allergic rhinitis (AR) has increased rapidly in Taiwan during the past 30 years; however, potential risk factors of AR have yet to be examined. The purpose of this study is to explore the prevalence, personal and environmental risk factors of rhinitis. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 26418 first graders (6–8 years old) in Taipei with a response rate of 94.6% (24999/26418). Modified International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaires were completed by their parents or main caregivers. Logistic regression was used to examine possible personal and environmental (in early life and current) factors related to rhinitis. The prevalence of rhinitis in the past 12 months was 42.8% in 6–8 years old children. Multivariate logistic regression analysis for both males and females revealed that male gender, antibiotic use in first year of life, bronchiolitis before the age of two years, diagnosed asthma, and diagnosed eczema, having a cat the first year of life were associated with an increased risk of rhinitis. Having older siblings, on the other hand, may reduce the risk of rhinitis. Based on the present study, we may recommend less use of antibiotics the first year of life and not having a cat in the home in the child’s first year of life as preventive measures to reduce the risk of rhinitis. From the subgroup analysis, we can take preventive measures for the different risk factors of rhinitis and the severity of rhinitis in each subgroup.

scholarly journals Bronchial asthma in pre-school children living in urban areas of the Altay Krai: a population-based cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-418
Author(s):  
N. V. Shakhova ◽  
E. M. Kamaltynova ◽  
Yu. F. Lobanov ◽  
T. S. Kashinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Birch Pollen ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
First Year ◽  
Dust Mites ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Year Of Life

The objective of the study was to investigate prevalence, clinical and allergological features, and risk factors of bronchial asthma in pre-school children living in urban areas of Altay Krai. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study involving 3,205 children (age, 3 to 6 years) attending pre-school facilities in 5 cities of the Altay Krai. Asthma symptoms were defined using the ISAAC questionnaire. Asthma was diagnosed by clinicians according to GINA. Results. Prevalence of asthma in urban children aged 3 to 6 years was 5.7%; 62.7% of them were previously diagnosed with asthma. Majority of children (59.4%) had mild asthma. Sensitization was detected in 70.3% of children with asthma, most of them were sensitized to dust mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (63.3%), birch pollen (46.6%), and cat epithelium (31.1%). Risk factors of asthma were family history of allergy [odds ratio (OR) 3.2; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.2–4.6], male gender (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.5–2.3), preterm birth (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.3–3.3), smoking parents (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2–2.9), (contact with pets during the first year of life (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0–2.0). Conclusion. The prevalence of asthma in urban children aged 3 to 6 years living in urban areas of Altay Krai was 5.7%. Most common sensitizers were house dust mites, birch pollen and cat epithelium. The risk factors of pre-school asthma are family history of allergy, male gender, preterm birth, passive smoking and contact with pets during the first year of life. 

The Development of Swallowing Respiratory Coordination

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Maggie-Lee Huckabee
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Activation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Nasal Airflow ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Primary Finding ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior ◽  
Cortical Modulation ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Swallowing Apnea

Abstract Research exists that evaluates the mechanics of swallowing respiratory coordination in healthy children and adults as well and individuals with swallowing impairment. The research program summarized in this article represents a systematic examination of swallowing respiratory coordination across the lifespan as a means of behaviorally investigating mechanisms of cortical modulation. Using time-locked recordings of submental surface electromyography, nasal airflow, and thyroid acoustics, three conditions of swallowing were evaluated in 20 adults in a single session and 10 infants in 10 sessions across the first year of life. The three swallowing conditions were selected to represent a continuum of volitional through nonvolitional swallowing control on the basis of a decreasing level of cortical activation. Our primary finding is that, across the lifespan, brainstem control strongly dictates the duration of swallowing apnea and is heavily involved in organizing the integration of swallowing and respiration, even in very early infancy. However, there is evidence that cortical modulation increases across the first 12 months of life to approximate more adult-like patterns of behavior. This modulation influences primarily conditions of volitional swallowing; sleep and naïve swallows appear to not be easily adapted by cortical regulation. Thus, it is attention, not arousal that engages cortical mechanisms.

scholarly journals The natural history of Canavan disease: 23 new cases and comparison with patients from literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Bley ◽  
Jonas Denecke ◽  
Alfried Kohlschütter ◽  
Gerhard Schön ◽  
Sandra Hischke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severity Score ◽  
Canavan Disease ◽  
Psychomotor Development ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
First Year ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Year Of Life

Abstract Background Canavan disease (CD, MIM # 271900) is a rare and devastating leukodystrophy of early childhood. To identify clinical features that could serve as endpoints for treatment trials, the clinical course of CD was studied retrospectively and prospectively in 23 CD patients. Results were compared with data of CD patients reported in three prior large series. Kaplan Meier survival analysis including log rank test was performed for pooled data of 82 CD patients (study cohort and literature patients). Results Onset of symptoms was between 0 and 6 months. Psychomotor development of patients was limited to abilities that are usually gained within the first year of life. Macrocephaly became apparent between 4 and 18 months of age. Seizure frequency was highest towards the end of the first decade. Ethnic background was more diverse than in studies previously reported. A CD severity score with assessment of 11 symptoms and abilities was developed. Conclusions Early hallmarks of CD are severe psychomotor disability and macrocephaly that develop within the first 18 months of life. While rare in the first year of life, seizures increase in frequency over time in most patients. CD occurs more frequently outside Ashkenazi Jewish communities than previously reported. Concordance of phenotypes between siblings but not patients with identical ASPA mutations suggest the influence of yet unknown modifiers. A CD severity score may allow for assessment of CD disease severity both retrospectively and prospectively.

scholarly journals Auditory temporal abilities in children with history of recurrent otitis media in the first years of life and persistent in preschool and school ages

CoDAS ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 494-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Cruvinel Villa ◽  
Sthella Zanchetta
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Temporal Frequency ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Frequency Pattern ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Recurrent Otitis Media

PURPOSE: To study the temporal auditory ordering and resolution abilities in children with and without a history of early OME and ROME, as well as to study the responses according to age. METHODS: A total of 59 children were evaluated, and all of them presented pure tone thresholds within the normal range at the time of the conduction of the hearing tests. The children were divided into two groups according to the occurrence of episodes of recurrent otitis media. Then, each group was divided into two subgroups according to age: 7- and 8-year olds, and 9- and 10-year olds. All children were assessed with standard tests of temporal frequency (ordination) and gaps-in-noise (resolution). RESULTS: For the temporal abilities studied, children with a history of otitis media presented significantly lower results compared to the control group. In the frequency pattern test, the correct answers increased with age in both groups. In the identification of silence intervals, the control group showed no change in threshold regarding to age, but this change was present in the group with a history of otitis media. CONCLUSION: Episodes of otitis media with effusion in the first year of life, recurrent and persistent in preschool and school ages, negatively influence the temporal ordering and resolution abilities.

scholarly journals ALLERGIC RHINITIS IN PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN LIVING IN URBAN SETTINGS OF THE ALTAI REGION: A POPULATION-BASED CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-243
Author(s):  
Natalia V. Shakhova ◽  
Elena M. Kamaltynova ◽  
Yuriy Ph. Lobanov ◽  
Tatyana S. Ardatova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Family History ◽  
School Children ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
House Dust Mites ◽  
Urban Settings ◽  
Altai Region ◽  
History Of

Background.It is necessary to study the prevalence and risk factors of allergic rhinitis (AR) among pre-school children in order to develop a disease prevention strategy.Objective.Our aim was to study the prevalence, clinical and allergological features, and risk factors for AR in pre-school children living in urban settings of the Altai Region.Methods.At the screening stage, the study enrolled children aged 3–6 years attending pre-school educational institutions in 5 cities of the Altai Region. AR symptoms were determined using the ISAAC questionnaire. The AR was diagnosed if ≥ 2 symptoms (rhinorrhea, nasal breathing difficulty, itching in the nasal cavity, repetitive sneezing) lasted ≥ 1 h with a positive prick test and/or a blood level of specific IgE > 0.35 kU/L to at least one allergen (total 11).Results.The prevalence of AR in urban children aged 3–6 years (n = 3,205) was 10.6%; 48% of them were previously diagnosed with AR. 85% of children had a persistent course of the disease; 69% had mild AR. Most often, there was established sensitization to house dust mites (61.6%), birch pollen (40.9%), and cat fur (19.4%). The risk factors for AR were family history of allergies [odds ratio (OR) 4.2; 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.5–5.9], masculine (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.9–4.0), smoking parents (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2–2.9), nonadherence to a regimen/dosage of vitamin D3 intake in infancy (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2–2.8), presence of asthma-like symptoms (OR 10.2, 95% CI 7.2–14.5), and manifestations of atopic dermatitis (OR 6.0, 95% CI 4.2–8.5).Conclusion.AR occurs in every tenth pre-school child (mainly of mild severity and persistent course), every second disease among them was diagnosed for the first time. Sensitization occurs to typical for childhood allergens. The risk factors for AR are family history of allergies, masculine, passive smoking, ignoring the recommendations of taking vitamin D3 in infancy, the presence of atopic dermatitis, and asthma-like symptoms.

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