scholarly journals The influence of host plant diversity and food quality on larval survival of plant feeding heteropteran bugs

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Di Giulio ◽  
Peter J. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Food Quality ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Plant Feeding

scholarly journals ADULT PHYLLOPHAGA EPHILIDA HOST PLANT FEEDING PREFERENCE

2006 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aboubacar Diagne ◽  
Richard N. Story ◽  
Abner M. Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Plant Feeding

Influence of Light and Food on Larval American Lobsters, Homarus americanus

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 2303-2310 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Eagles ◽  
D. E. Aiken ◽  
S. L. Waddy
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Food Quality ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Dark Phase ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Fourth Stage ◽  
Continuous Darkness ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Rate Of Development

Survival, size, and rate of development of larval American lobsters, Homarus americanus, to fourth stage are correlated postively with food quality. High survival requires that first-stage larvae encounter an abundance of food. Larval survival was higher in low light intensity than in a higher intensity that was well below that of full sunlight. Larvae reared on LD 12:12 photoperiods molted to the fourth stage predominantly during the dark phase, even when the timing of the light and dark phases was reversed. Larvae reared in continuous darkness developed faster and were almost twice the weight of larvae reared in a LD 12:12 photoperiod, but fewer survived to fourth stage.

PERFORMANCE OF TRIRHABDA VIRGATA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) ON THREE POTENTIAL HOSTS

1999 ◽  
Vol 131 (6) ◽  
pp. 801-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.E. Blatt ◽  
A.M. Schindel ◽  
R. Harmsen
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Fitness Components ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Plant Fecundity ◽  
Adult Fitness ◽  
Neonate Larvae ◽  
Trirhabda Virgata

AbstractThe suitability of three potential host plants, Solidago canadensis L. var. canadensis (Asteraceae), Solidago graminifolia (L.) Salisb., and Aster lateriflorus L. (Asteraceae), for the goldenrod beetle, Trirhabda virgata LeConte was determined by measuring several fitness components during the T. virgata life cycle. Neonate larvae were collected from S. canadensis plants and transplanted onto S. canadensis, S. graminifolia, and A. lateriflorus and maintained in field enclosures until the last instar was reached. Once brought into the laboratory, larvae were fed their assigned host plant until pupation. Following emergence, adults were weighed and separated into mating pairs to record oviposition and longevity. Eggs were kept in the laboratory until the following spring, when first instar larvae were taken into the field and re-established on their assigned host, and the experiment was repeated for 2 years. Larval survival and rate of development was not affected by the host plant. Mean weight of adults at emergence was greater on S. canadensis than on either S. graminifolia or A. lateriflorus. Two components of adult fitness, postmating longevity and realized fecundity, were measured. Longevity of adult female T. virgata was not affected by the host plant. Fecundity of T. virgata reared on A. lateriflorus and S. graminifolia was lower than the fecundity of females reared on S. canadensis. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that both intrinsic plant quality and the mobility of the foraging stage are important in the evolution of host range in T. virgata. These experiments were repeated over a 3-year period, using offspring from the survivors of the previous year for the 2nd and 3rd years. Over this time, individuals experienced "laboratory adaptation," and both accepted and increased their performance on previously unacceptable food plants.

Seasonal Habitat Utilization and Food of the Ladybirds Scymnodes Lividigaster (Mulsant) and Leptothea Galbula (Mulsant) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae).

1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
JME Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Habitat Utilization ◽  
Powdery Mildew Fungus ◽  
Gut Analysis

Utilization of plant species by two ladybirds, the aphidophagous Scymnodes lividigaster (Mulsant) and mycophagous Leptothea galbula (Mulsant), was traced weekly for 3 y in a reserve near Sydney. S. lividigaster had a year-round association with Glochidion ferdinandi (J. Muell.) F. M. Bailey, the host plant of a prey species Aphis eugeniae van der Goot. The tree was utilized in dormant as well as breeding periods. In its breeding periods L. galbula utilized Lonicera fragrantissima Lindl. & Paxt. when this was infested with Oidium sp., powdery mildew fungus, but in its dormant periods it most utilized Ficus rubiginosa Desf. Many other plant species were also utilized at particular times; these are outlined. Gut analysis complemented data on habitat utilization; essential aphid or fungal foods were found in guts in breeding periods and a range of alternative foods, pollen, trichomes and other fungal spores at other times. Greatest food range and plant diversity utilized were in pre- and post- dormancy feeding periods.

scholarly journals A modelling study of the influence of environment and food supply on survival of Crassostrea gigas larvae

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 596-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen E Hofmann ◽  
Eric N Powell ◽  
Eleanor A Bochenek ◽  
John M Klinck
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Food Quality ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Food Concentration ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Food Concentrations ◽  
Food Content

Abstract A biochemically based model was developed to simulate the growth, development, and metamorphosis of larvae of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas). The unique characteristics of the model are that it: (1) defines larvae in terms of their protein, neutral lipid, polar lipid, carbohydrate, and ash content; (2) tracks weight separately from length to follow larval condition; and (3) includes genetic variation in growth efficiency and egg quality to better simulate cohort population dynamics. The model includes parameterizations for filtration, ingestion, and respiration, which determine larval growth rate, and processes controlling larval mortality and metamorphosis. Changes in larval tissue composition occur as the larva grows and in response to the biochemical composition of the food. Simulations of larval growth indicate that departures of temperature, salinity, or food content from optimum levels reduce larval cohort survival, either because of metabolic constraints that result in death, unsuccessful metamorphosis, or increased predation resulting from increased larval lifespan. Temperatures and salinities near optimal values improve larval survival at low food concentration by increasing ingestion rate or growth efficiency. Also, survival at a given food concentration can vary widely depending on food composition, which determines food quality. The simulations suggest that the ratio of carbohydrate + lipid-to-protein may best describe the overall food quality, with optimal food compositions being characterized by ratios near 1.2 to 1.4 over a range of food concentrations. In contrast, food compositions containing too much or too little protein reduce larval survival, even at saturating food concentrations. In simulations emphasizing genetic variability within the cohort, larvae with high growth efficiency originating from large eggs out-perform other egg quality–growth efficiency combinations over a wide range of temperature, salinity, and food contents. As a consequence, suboptimal temperature, salinity, or food content compresses genetic variation by uniformly favouring larvae from large eggs with a high growth efficiency. However, the larval survival obtained from simulations that use a range of food qualities is representative of a much broader range of genetic types. Thus, the simulations support the supposition that food quality is an important variable controlling the survival and genetic variability of C. gigas larval cohorts.

FOOD SEEKING AND SURVIVAL IN PREDACEOUS COCCINELLID LARVAE

1969 ◽  
Vol 101 (11) ◽  
pp. 1218-1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Boldyrev ◽  
W. H. A. Wilde
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Adalia Bipunctata ◽  
Survival Pathways ◽  
Prey Location ◽  
Food Seeking

AbstractSurvival of Adalia bipunctata (L.) emerging from eggs laid some distance from prey locations, depended on the ability or the larvae to reach a prey location on a host plant. Distances between egg clusters and prey locations, when less than 63 cm in laboratory cages, had little effect on larval survival. Pathways used by a larva to prey was more important than distance. Larvae that had access to prey via pathways, reached prey as distant as 63 cm from eclosion sites.Cannibalistic predation by these larvae on eggs increases their survival chances when prey are scarce.

scholarly journals Generalized host‐plant feeding can hide sterol‐specialized foraging behaviors in bee–plant interactions

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryse Vanderplanck ◽  
Pierre‐Laurent Zerck ◽  
Georges Lognay ◽  
Denis Michez
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Plant Feeding ◽  
Bee Plant

​Screening of Pigeonpea Varieties through Nylon Bag No-choice Bioassay for Host Plant Resistance to Helicoverpa armigera

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.L. Jat ◽  
K.K. Dahiya ◽  
H.C. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Trichome Density ◽  
Larval Weight ◽  
Legume Pod Borer ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera

Background: The legume pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), is one of the most damaging crop pests, including pigeonpea. Host plant resistance is a component of pest management and therefore, we standardize a nylon bag No-Choice Bioassay technique to screen for resistance to H. armigera under field conditions. Methods: Pigeonpea plants were infested with 24 h old 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 larvae per plant inside the nylon bag. Observations were recorded on pod damage, larval survival, larval weight, pupation, adult emergence, and fecundity after 10 days. Result: Pigeonpea varieties AL-201, H03-41 and PAU-881 exhibited lower pod damage (15.89 to 19.77%) and larval weight (12.02 to 13.82 mg). The expression of resistance to H. armigera was associated with trichome density, pod wall thickness and higher amount of phenolic compounds and condensed tannins. Lower trichome density and thin pod walls and higher amounts of sugars rendered the varieties Paras, Manak and Pussa-992 more susceptible to H. armigera. Nylon bag assay can be used to screen and select pigeonpea cultivars for resistance to H. armigera.

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