Serological detection of plant viruses in their aphid vectors and host plants in Tunisia

EPPO Bulletin ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Raboudi ◽  
A. Ben Moussa ◽  
H. Makni ◽  
M. Marrakchi ◽  
M. Makni
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Serological Detection ◽  
Aphid Vectors

scholarly journals Plant Viruses Transmitted in Two Different Modes Produce Differing Effects on Small RNA-Mediated Processes in Their Aphid Vector

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia V. Pinheiro ◽  
Jennifer R. Wilson ◽  
Yi Xu ◽  
Yi Zheng ◽  
Ana Rita Rebelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Rna ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Buchnera Aphidicola ◽  
Antiviral Immune Response ◽  
Aphid Vectors ◽  
Transcriptional Gene Regulation ◽  
Leafroll Virus

Transmission of plant viruses by aphids involves multitrophic interactions among host plants, aphid vectors, and plant viruses. Here, we used small RNA (sRNA) sequencing to visualize the sRNA response of Myzus persicae to two plant viruses that M. persicae transmits in different modes: the nonpersistent Potato virus Y (PVY) versus the persistent Potato leafroll virus (PLRV). Aphids exposed to PLRV produced significantly less 22 mers aligned to the aphid genome, and an abundance of 26 to 27 mers, many of which were predicted to be piRNA. Additionally, expression of Buchnera aphidicola tRNA-derived sRNAs was influenced by PLRV and, to a lesser extent, PVY, suggesting that plant viruses alter the aphid-endosymbiont relationship. Finally, aphids exposed to PLRV-infected plants generated an abundance of unusually long sRNAs and a reduced number of 22 mers against an aphid virus, Myzus persicae densovirus (MpDNV) and had higher MpDNV titer. Expression of the PLRV silencing suppressor P0 in plants recapitulated the increase in MpDNV titer in the absence of PLRV infection. Our results show that plant viruses transmitted in two different modes cause distinct effects on their vector with regards to post-transcriptional gene regulation, symbiosis with Buchnera, and the antiviral immune response of aphids to an aphid-infecting densovirus.

scholarly journals Aphid endosymbiont facilitates virus transmission by modulating the volatile profile of host plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Bin Shi ◽  
Shuo Yan ◽  
Chi Zhang ◽  
Li-Min Zheng ◽  
Zhan-Hong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Volatile Profile ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Buchnera Aphidicola ◽  
Plant Volatile ◽  
Volatile Profiles

Abstract Background Most plant viruses rely on vectors for their transmission and spread. One of the outstanding biological questions concerning the vector-pathogen-symbiont multi-trophic interactions is the potential involvement of vector symbionts in the virus transmission process. Here, we used a multi-factorial system containing a non-persistent plant virus, cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), its primary vector, green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, and the obligate endosymbiont, Buchnera aphidicola to explore this uncharted territory. Results Based on our preliminary research, we hypothesized that aphid endosymbiont B. aphidicola can facilitate CMV transmission by modulating plant volatile profiles. Gene expression analyses demonstrated that CMV infection reduced B. aphidicola abundance in M. persicae, in which lower abundance of B. aphidicola was associated with a preference shift in aphids from infected to healthy plants. Volatile profile analyses confirmed that feeding by aphids with lower B. aphidicola titers reduced the production of attractants, while increased the emission of deterrents. As a result, M. persicae changed their feeding preference from infected to healthy plants. Conclusions We conclude that CMV infection reduces the B. aphidicola abundance in M. persicae. When viruliferous aphids feed on host plants, dynamic changes in obligate symbionts lead to a shift in plant volatiles from attraction to avoidance, thereby switching insect vector’s feeding preference from infected to healthy plants.

Hosts and non-hosts in plant virology and the effects of plant viruses on host plants

2014 ◽  
pp. 105-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
András Takács ◽  
József Horváth ◽  
Richard Gáborjányi ◽  
Gabriella Kazinczi ◽  
József Mikulás
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Plant Virology

scholarly journals Biosecurity and aphids in New Zealand

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A.J. Teulon ◽  
M.A.W. Stufkens
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Generation Time ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Short Generation Time ◽  
Parthenogenetic Reproduction ◽  
Reproductive Rates

About 110 introduced aphid species (Hemiptera Aphididae) have been recorded in New Zealand Only 12 indigenous species have been recorded On average there has been about one new aphid incursion into New Zealand per year over the last 130 years although this rate has declined dramatically in recent years The origins of introduced aphids appear to include most parts of the globe Many introduced aphids damage economically important plants through their feeding and transmitting plant viruses Less quantifiable environmental impacts include injury to native plants and the displacement of native aphids on their host plants Aspects of aphid biology such as small size parthenogenetic reproduction high reproductive rates short generation time rapid dispersal and eruptive population dynamics pose particularly difficult challenges for aphid biosecurity in New Zealand

scholarly journals Molecular Insights into Host and Vector Manipulation by Plant Viruses

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique Ziegler-Graff
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Plant Metabolism ◽  
Immune Defence ◽  
Virus Propagation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Successful Infection ◽  
Mutualistic Relationship

Plant viruses rely on both host plant and vectors for a successful infection. Essentially to simplify studies, transmission has been considered for decades as an interaction between two partners, virus and vector. This interaction has gained a third partner, the host plant, to establish a tripartite pathosystem in which the players can react with each other directly or indirectly through changes induced in/by the third partner. For instance, viruses can alter the plant metabolism or plant immune defence pathways to modify vector’s attraction, settling or feeding, in a way that can be conducive for virus propagation. Such changes in the plant physiology can also become favourable to the vector, establishing a mutualistic relationship. This review focuses on the recent molecular data on the interplay between viral and plant factors that provide some important clues to understand how viruses manipulate both the host plants and vectors in order to improve transmission conditions and thus ensuring their survival.

scholarly journals Chemical and physiological changes caused by aphids feeding on their host plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-248
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Cichocka ◽  
Wojciech Goszczyński ◽  
Magdalena Lubiarz
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Plant Metabolism ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Aphid Feeding ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The Impact

Abstract We present significant information about damage caused to plants by the feeding of piercing–sucking insects, based on the example of aphids. Research concerning the impact of aphids on their host plants was already being carried out in the 1950s in the 20th century, but it is still being undertaken as it is very important. Aphid feeding causes deformation of plant tissues, disorders in plant metabolism and changes in the amount of various compounds in plant tissues. Plant viruses are transmitted in aphid saliva.

scholarly journals Characterisation of the Viral Community Associated with the Alfalfa Weevil (Hypera postica) and Its Host Plant, Alfalfa (Medicago sativa)

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 791
Author(s):  
Sarah François ◽  
Aymeric Antoine-Lorquin ◽  
Maximilien Kulikowski ◽  
Marie Frayssinet ◽  
Denis Filloux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Natural Population ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Viral Metagenomics ◽  
Virus Species ◽  
Virus Discovery ◽  
Hypera Postica ◽  
Crop Field

Advances in viral metagenomics have paved the way of virus discovery by making the exploration of viruses in any ecosystem possible. Applied to agroecosystems, such an approach opens new possibilities to explore how viruses circulate between insects and plants, which may help to optimise their management. It could also lead to identifying novel entomopathogenic viral resources potentially suitable for biocontrol strategies. We sampled the larvae of a natural population of alfalfa weevils (Hypera postica), a major herbivorous pest feeding on legumes, and its host plant alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Insect and plant samples were collected from a crop field and an adjacent meadow. We characterised the diversity and abundance of viruses associated with weevils and alfalfa, and described nine putative new virus species, including four associated with alfalfa and five with weevils. In addition, we found that trophic accumulation may result in a higher diversity of plant viruses in phytophagous pests compared to host plants.

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