The impact of habitat fragmentation and social structure on the population genetics of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) in Central Europe

AbstractLarge carnivores provide ecosystem and cultural benefits but also impose costs on hunters due to the competition for game. The aim of this paper was to identify the marginal impact of lynx (Lynx lynx) and wolf (Canis lupus) on the harvest of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in Sweden and the value of this impact. We applied a production function approach, using a bioeconomic model where the annual number of roe deer harvested was assumed to be determined by hunting effort, abundance of predators, availability of other game, and winter severity. The impact of the predators on the roe deer harvests was estimated econometrically, and carnivore marginal impacts were derived. The results showed that if the roe deer resource was harvested under open access, the marginal cost in terms of hunting values foregone varied between different counties, and ranged between 18,000 and 58,000 EUR for an additional lynx family, and 79,000 and 336,000 EUR for an additional wolf individual. Larger marginal costs of the wolf, in terms of the impact on roe deer hunting, were found in counties where the hunting effort was high and the abundance of moose (Alces alces) was low. If instead, hunters could exert private property rights to the resource, the average marginal cost was about 20% lower than it would have been if there was open access, and the difference in wolf impact between counties with high and low moose density was smaller. Together, results suggest that the current plan for expanding the wolf population in south Sweden can be associated with a substantial cost.

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Uterine fluid proteome changes during diapause and resumption of embryo development in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)

Reproduction ◽

10.1530/rep-19-0022 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 158 (1) ◽

pp. 13-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

V A van der Weijden ◽

J T Bick ◽

S Bauersachs ◽

G J Arnold ◽

T Fröhlich ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

Embryo Development ◽

Citrate Synthase ◽

Roe Deer ◽

Capreolus Capreolus ◽

Blastocyst Stage ◽

Label Free ◽

Comprehensive Overview ◽

Uterine Fluid ◽

The Impact

The uterine microenvironment during pre-implantation presents a pro-survival milieu and is essential for embryo elongation in ruminants. The European roe deer (Careolus capreolus) pre-implantation embryo development is characterised by a 4-month period of reduced development, embryonic diapause, after which the embryo rapidly elongates and implants. We investigated the uterine fluid proteome by label-free liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry at four defined stages covering the phase of reduced developmental pace (early diapause, mid-diapause and late diapause) and embryo elongation. We hypothesised that embryo development during diapause is halted by the lack of signals that support progression past the blastocyst stage. Three clusters of differentially abundant proteins were identified by a self-organising tree algorithm: (1) gradual reduction over development; (2) stable abundance during diapause, followed by a sharp rise at elongation; and (3) gradual increase over development. Proteins in the different clusters were subjected to gene ontology analysis. ‘Cellular detoxification’ in cluster 1 was represented by alcohol dehydrogenase, glutathione S-transferase and peroxiredoxin-2. ATP-citrate synthase, nucleolin, lamin A/C, and purine phosphorylase as cell proliferation regulators were found in cluster 2 and ‘cortical cytoskeleton’, ‘regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading’ and ‘melanosome’ were present in cluster 3. Cell cycle promoters were higher abundant at elongation than during diapause, and polyamines presence indicates their role in diapause regulation. This study provides a comprehensive overview of proteins in the roe deer uterine fluid during diapause and forms a basis for studies aiming at understanding the impact of the lack of cell cycle promoters during diapause.

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Direkte, indirekte und kombinierte Effekte von Wölfen auf die Waldverjüngung

Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen ◽

10.3188/szf.2016.0003 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 167 (1) ◽

pp. 3-12

Author(s):

Andrea D. Kupferschmid ◽

Kurt Bollmann

Keyword(s):

Central Europe ◽

Prey Species ◽

Roe Deer ◽

General Rule ◽

Tree Regeneration ◽

Distribution Area ◽

Wild Ungulates ◽

Spatio Temporal ◽

Large Predators ◽

The Impact

Direct, indirect and combined effects of wolves on tree regeneration The wolf currently returns to its traditional distribution area in central Europe. As a large carnivore, he will change the interactions between the organisms there. The impact of wolves on wild ungulates and on the vegetation cover and its composition is manifold: besides direct, numeric effects of wolves on the abundance and demography of their prey populations (like chamois, roe deer and red deer), indirect functional effects through mediated behavior of ungulates are also reported. In a first phase of wolf recolonization with low population density in a region, the functional effects as changes in the spatio-temporal use of habitats and resources are considered to be dominant because the wild ungulates attempt avoiding to become a prey. Later, in phases with higher wolf densities, direct numeric effects on the abundance of prey species should become more obvious. Such interactions among predator and prey species also have an impact on the browsing of tree regeneration. Since the spatio-temporal habitat use of prey species is mediated by the occurrence and abundance of large predators, we cannot assume that the browsing level will gradually decrease in general. Wild ungulates could more often hide or retreat into steep and rocky terrain or towards human settlement. Hence, trophic interactions between predators, herbivores and forests are complex and multilayered, in particular because forest ecosystems in central Europe are strongly influenced by forestry and hunting practices. This limits the trophic cascading impact of carnivores on forest. Our review demonstrates that the equation “wolf = less ungulates = fewer browsing” is not a general rule.

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Fivefold higher abundance of ticks (Acari: Ixodida) on the European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) forest than field ecotypes

10.21203/rs.3.rs-226811/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Patrycja Opalińska ◽

Anna Wierzbicka ◽

Marek Asman ◽

Grzegorz Rączka ◽

Marcin K. Dyderski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Composition ◽

Central Europe ◽

Ixodes Ricinus ◽

Roe Deer ◽

Life Stage ◽

Capreolus Capreolus ◽

Body Parts ◽

Deer Species ◽

The Mean ◽

Tick Load

Abstract The European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) is the most common deer species in Europe. The species can be a reservoir of some tick-borne diseases (TBD) but it is primarily recognized for its contribution as an amplifier host. In Central Europe, two roe deer ecotypes are living in adjacent areas: field and forest. We investigated differences in tick load and species composition on these two ecotypes. We collected ticks from 160 (80 the forest ecotype and 80 the field ecotype) roe deer culled in Wielkopolska Region (West-Central Poland). The most common was Ixodes ricinus (n = 1610; 99%) followed by Ixodes hexagonus (n = 22; 1%). The dominant life stage of the ticks was female. Prevalence was higher for forest roe deer. Mean number of ticks found on the forest ecotype was almost fivefold higher than on the field ecotype (3.75±0.83 vs. 0.77±0.20 ticks). The mean probability of tick occurrence was threefold higher in the forest (0.915±0.050) than the field ecotype (0.279±0.125). 'The most infested body parts of roe deer from both ecotypes were the neck and the head.

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Variation in Skull Morphology of Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) in Western and Central Europe

Journal of Mammalogy ◽

10.2307/1382847 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 79 (1) ◽

pp. 131-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

S. Aragon ◽

F. Braza ◽

C. S. Jose ◽

P. Fandos

Keyword(s):

Central Europe ◽

Roe Deer ◽

Capreolus Capreolus ◽

Skull Morphology

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Genetic variability and differentiation in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L) of Central Europe

Genetics Selection Evolution ◽

10.1186/1297-9686-23-4-281 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 281 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

GB Hartl ◽

F Reimoser ◽

R Willing ◽

J Köller

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variability ◽

Central Europe ◽

Roe Deer ◽

Capreolus Capreolus

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Fivefold higher abundance of ticks (Acari: Ixodida) on the European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) forest than field ecotypes

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-90234-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Patrycja Opalińska ◽

Anna Wierzbicka ◽

Marek Asman ◽

Grzegorz Rączka ◽

Marcin K. Dyderski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Composition ◽

Central Europe ◽

Ixodes Ricinus ◽

Roe Deer ◽

Life Stage ◽

Capreolus Capreolus ◽

Body Parts ◽

Deer Species ◽

The Mean ◽

Tick Load

AbstractThe European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) is the most common deer species in Europe. The species can be a reservoir of some tick-borne diseases but it is primarily recognized for its contribution as an amplifier host. In Central Europe, two roe deer ecotypes are living in adjacent areas: field and forest. We investigated differences in tick load and species composition on these two ecotypes. We collected ticks from 160 (80 the forest ecotype and 80 the field ecotype) roe deer culled in Wielkopolska Region (West-Central Poland). The most common was Ixodes ricinus (n = 1610; 99%) followed by Ixodes hexagonus (n = 22; 1%). The dominant life stage of the ticks was female. Prevalence was higher for forest roe deer. Mean number of ticks found on the forest ecotype was almost fivefold higher than on the field ecotype (3.75 ± 0.83 vs. 0.77 ± 0.20 ticks). The mean probability of tick occurrence was threefold higher in the forest (0.915 ± 0.050) than the field ecotype (0.279 ± 0.125). The most infested body parts of roe deer from both ecotypes were the neck and the head.

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Long-term population dynamics of the red deer and European roe deer at the protected and not-protected areas in Mountain Crimea

Ukrainian Journal of Ecology ◽

10.15421/2017_88 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 65-72

Author(s):

V. N. Shmagol' ◽

V. L. Yarysh ◽

S. P. Ivanov ◽

V. I. Maltsev

Keyword(s):

Population Dynamics ◽

Protected Areas ◽

Red Deer ◽

Nature Reserve ◽

Roe Deer ◽

Precipitation Amount ◽

Annual Precipitation ◽

Population Number ◽

The Impact

The long-term population dynamics of the red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) and European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) at the mountain and forest zone of Crimea during 1980-2017 is presented. Fluctuations in numbers of both species are cyclical and partly synchronous. Period of oscillations in the population of red deer is about 25 years, the average duration of the oscillation period of number of roe deer is 12.3 years. During the fluctuations in the number the increasing and fall in population number of the red deer had been as 26-47 %, and roe deer – as 22-34 %. Basing on the dada obtained we have assumed that together with large-scale cycles of fluctuations in population number of both red deer and roe deer the short cycles of fluctuations in the number of these species with period from 3.5 to 7.5 years take place. Significant differences of the parameters of cyclical fluctuations in the number of roe deer at some sites of the Mountainous Crimea: breaches of synchronicity, as well as significant differences in the duration of cycles are revealed. The greatest deviations from the average values of parameters of long-term dynamics of the number of roe deer in Crimea are noted for groups of this species at two protected areas. At the Crimean Nature Reserve the cycle time of fluctuations of the numbers of roe deer was 18 years. At the Karadag Nature Reserve since 1976 we can see an exponential growth in number of roe deer that is continued up to the present time. By 2016 the number of roe deer reached 750 individuals at a density of 437 animals per 1 thousand ha. Peculiarity of dynamics of number of roe deer at some sites proves the existence in the mountain forest of Crimea several relatively isolated groups of deer. We assumed that "island" location of the Crimean populations of red deer and European roe deer, their relatively little number and influence of permanent extreme factors of both natural and anthropogenic origination have contributed to a mechanism of survival of these populations. The elements of such a mechanism include the following features of long-term dynamics of the population: the reduction in the period of cyclic population fluctuations, while maintaining their amplitude and the appearance of additional small cycles, providing more flexible response of the population to the impact of both negative and positive environmental factors. From the totality of the weather conditions for the Crimean population of roe deer the recurring periods of increases and downs in the annual precipitation amount may have relevance. There was a trend of increase in the roe deer population during periods of increasing annual precipitation.

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