Bearded sakis in south-eastern Amazonia—back from the brink?

AbstractThe endemic bearded sakis Chiropotes satanas Satanas and Chiropotes satanas utahicki of south-eastern Amazonia are among the most threatened of this region's primates because of a combination of deforestation and hunting, and their apparent intolerance of habitat disturbance. Recent surveys at eight sites confirm that sakis are locally extinct in some areas where intense habitat fragmentation is exacerbated by hunting pressure, but also show that, in the absence of hunting, they can be relatively abundant in isolated forest fragments. Density was unexpectedly low in one protected area, however, which implies that caution is necessary for the planning of long-term conservation strategies. Well-protected forest fragments of reasonable size ( > 5000 ha) appear to have good potential for the protection of bearded saki populations. While many of the region's major landowners may thus make a significant contribution to the management of saki populations, land conflicts are a potentially serious problem for the long-term conservation of not just these primates, but the region's fauna and flora as a whole.

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Validation of the Calakmul–Laguna de Terminos corridor for jaguarsPanthera oncain south-eastern Mexico

Oryx ◽

10.1017/s0030605316001083 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 292-299 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mircea G. Hidalgo-Mihart ◽

Fernando M. Contreras-Moreno ◽

Alejandro Jesús de la Cruz ◽

Rugieri Juárez-López

Keyword(s):

Habitat Loss ◽

Camera Traps ◽

Conservation Strategies ◽

Panthera Onca ◽

Conservation Units ◽

South Eastern ◽

Laguna De Terminos ◽

Regional Conservation

AbstractThe fragmentation of jaguarPanthera oncapopulations as a result of habitat loss is considered to be one of the main challenges for the conservation of the species. Corridors have been proposed as a means of maintaining connectivity and the long-term viability of jaguar populations. The corridor that connects the jaguar conservation units of Calakmul and Laguna de Terminos in Mexico has been considered to be a link for the movement of individuals between these units but its functionality had yet to be verified. During 2012–2014 we divided the corridor into four sections, where we used camera traps to verify the corridor's functionality. We obtained 106 photographs of jaguars, proving the presence of jaguars (including resident jaguars and females) in three of the corridor sections. We did not record any individuals in more than one section of the corridor. The presence of several resident jaguars and females throughout the corridor suggests that portions of the corridor should be incorporated into the Calakmul and Laguna de Terminos jaguar conservation units. Nevertheless, to confirm that the corridor is fully functional it is necessary to obtain evidence of movement of jaguars among the various sections of the corridor. Our results suggest that the area should be included in regional conservation strategies.

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The behavioral ecology of northern bearded sakis (Chiropotes satanas chiropotes) living in forest fragments of Central Brazilian Amazonia

Evolutionary Biology and Conservation of Titis, Sakis and Uacaris ◽

10.1017/cbo9781139034210.030 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 255-261 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sarah A. Boyle ◽

Andrew T. Smith ◽

Wilson R. Spironello ◽

Charles E. Zartman

Keyword(s):

Behavioral Ecology ◽

Forest Fragments ◽

Brazilian Amazonia ◽

Chiropotes Satanas ◽

Bearded Sakis

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Exploring the Knowledge and Perceptions of Local Communities on Illegal Hunting: Long-Term Trends in a West African Protected Area

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12111454 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 1454

Author(s):

Jerry Owusu Afriyie ◽

Michael Opare Asare ◽

Pavla Hejcmanová

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Protected Area ◽

Wildlife Conservation ◽

Local Communities ◽

Conservation Strategies ◽

Wildlife Ecology ◽

Illegal Hunting ◽

Management Plans ◽

Long Term Trends

Local communities in rural areas are dependent on hunting for their livelihoods and rely on their knowledge to understand wildlife ecology. Their knowledge and perceptions may be vital for forming effective and sustainable management plans related to wildlife conservation. We aimed to examine perceptions of local people living inside (n = 153 households) and outside (n = 178 households) the Kogyae Strict Nature Reserve (KSNR, Ghana) regarding bushmeat prevalence and long-term trends in illegal hunting, and to explore people’s knowledge about hunting tools, species, and reasons to hunt illegally. Perceptions of bushmeat sightings and illegal hunting trends were influenced by living inside or outside the protected area, gender, and residence time. Residents living inside the reserve perceived bushmeat and hunting as frequently present in their environment mainly due to frequent sightings of bushmeat and other wildlife products, while people living adjacent to the KSNR were more knowledgeable about the decrease in illegal hunting trends, probably because of awareness about penalties and biodiversity conservation. Furthermore, the perceptions of most residents about the decrease in hunting over time were validated by long-term KSNR law enforcement data. The perception in local communities that snares were the commonest form of hunting equipment used was also consistent with the ranger-based monitoring data. The need for money, bushmeat, unemployment, and retaliatory killings were the main drivers for illegal hunting. Our findings indicated that local people’s knowledge can have a valid relevance in protected area management and may assist in developing effective conservation strategies and in overall improvement of local socio-ecological systems.

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Importance of Small Forest Fragments in Agricultural Landscapes for Maintaining Orangutan Metapopulations

Frontiers in Forests and Global Change ◽

10.3389/ffgc.2021.560944 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

Author(s):

Marc Ancrenaz ◽

Felicity Oram ◽

Nardiyono Nardiyono ◽

Muhammad Silmi ◽

Marcie E. M. Jopony ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Agricultural Landscapes ◽

Conservation Strategies ◽

Forest Fragments ◽

Multiple Use ◽

Conservation Areas ◽

Forest Patches ◽

Timber Plantations ◽

Small Forest

Historically, orangutans (Pongo spp.) lived in large contiguous areas of intact rainforest. Today, they are also found in highly modified and fragmented landscapes dominated by oil palm or industrial timber plantations; a situation that calls for new conservation approaches. Here we report signs of orangutan presence in more than 120 small forest fragments of <500 ha in size and isolated in extensive oil palm plantations across Borneo. We confirmed the long-term presence of adult resident females with dependent young in 42% of the fragments assessed by ground survey (n = 50), and the regular sightings of males traveling across the landscape. We argue that orangutans using and living in small isolated forest patches play an essential part in the metapopulation by maintaining gene flow among larger sub-populations distributed across multiple-use landscapes. In some cases, translocations may be necessary when the animals are in imminent danger of being killed and have no other refuge. However, the impacts of removing animals from spatially dispersed metapopulations could inadvertently decrease critical metapopulation functionality necessary for long-term viability. It is clear that orangutans need natural forest to survive. However, our findings show that forest fragments within agricultural landscapes can also complement conservation areas if they are well-distributed, properly connected and managed, and if orangutan killing is prevented. Efforts to better understand the dynamics and the functionality of an orangutan metapopulation in forest-farmland landscape mosaics characteristic of the Anthropocene are urgently needed to design more efficient conservation strategies for the species across its range.

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Population Genetics, Parasitism, and Long-Term Population Dynamics of Microcebus murinus in Littoral Forest Fragments of South-Eastern Madagascar

Leaping Ahead ◽

10.1007/978-1-4614-4511-1_7 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 61-69

Author(s):

Jörg U. Ganzhorn ◽

Andreas Hapke ◽

Petra Lahann ◽

Brigitte Raharivololona ◽

Jean-Baptiste Ramanamanjato ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Population Genetics ◽

Population Dynamics ◽

Microcebus Murinus ◽

Forest Fragments ◽

South Eastern ◽

Littoral Forest

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Nest cameras do not affect nest survival in a meadow-nesting shorebird

Bird Conservation International ◽

10.1017/s0959270920000659 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

VOLKER SALEWSKI ◽

LUIS SCHMIDT

Keyword(s):

Nest Survival ◽

Bird Species ◽

Conservation Strategies ◽

Survival Models ◽

Northern Germany ◽

Term Study ◽

Long Term Study ◽

Limosa Limosa ◽

Study Sites

Summary Identifying the fate of birds’ nests and the causes of breeding failure is often crucial for the development of conservation strategies for threatened species. However, collecting these data by repeatedly visiting nests might itself contribute to nest failure or bias. To solve this dilemma, automatic cameras have increasingly been used as a time-efficient means for nest monitoring. Here, we consider whether the use of cameras itself may influence hatching success of nests of the Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa at two long-term study sites in northern Germany. Annually between 2013 and 2019, cameras were used to monitor godwit nests. In 2014 and 2019, nests were randomly equipped with cameras or not, and nest survival checked independently of the cameras. Nest-survival models indicated that survival probabilities varied between years, sites and with time of the season, but were unaffected by the presence of cameras. Even though predation is the main cause of hatching failure in our study system, we conclude that predators did not learn to associate cameras with food either when the cameras were initially installed or after they had been used for several years. Cameras were thus an effective and non-deleterious tool to collect data for conservation in this case. As other bird species may react differently to cameras at their nests, and as other sets of predators may differ in their ability to associate cameras with food, the effect of cameras on breeding success should be carefully monitored when they are used in a new study system.

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Protected Areas: offering security to whom, when and where?

Environmental Conservation ◽

10.1017/s0376892915000375 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 172-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

ALICE B. KELLY ◽

A. CLARE GUPTA

Keyword(s):

Protected Areas ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Protected Area ◽

Spatial Scales ◽

Local Population ◽

Well Being ◽

Economic Context ◽

Term Management ◽

Over Time

SUMMARYThis study considers the issue of security in the context of protected areas in Cameroon and Botswana. Though the literature on issues of security and well-being in relation to protected areas is extensive, there has been less discussion of how and in what ways these impacts and relationships can change over time, vary with space and differ across spatial scales. Looking at two very different historical trajectories, this study considers the heterogeneity of the security landscapes created by Waza and Chobe protected areas over time and space. This study finds that conservation measures that various subsets of the local population once considered to be ‘bad’ (e.g. violent, exclusionary protected area creation) may be construed as ‘good’ at different historical moments and geographical areas. Similarly, complacency or resignation to the presence of a park can be reversed by changing environmental conditions. Changes in the ways security (material and otherwise) has fluctuated within these two protected areas has implications for the long-term management and funding strategies of newly created and already existing protected areas today. This study suggests that parks must be adaptively managed not only for changing ecological conditions, but also for shifts in a protected area's social, political and economic context.

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