Defensive role of leaf trichomes in resistance to herbivorous insects in Datura stramonium

The diversity of indole concerning its production and functional role has increased in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. The bacterial species produce indole and use it as a signaling molecule at interspecies, intraspecies, and even at an interkingdom level for controlling the capability of drug resistance, level of virulence, and biofilm formation. Numerous indole derivatives have been found to play an important role in the different systems and are reported to occur in various bacteria, plants, human, and plant pathogens. Indole and its derivatives have been recognized for a defensive role against pests and insects in the plant kingdom. These indole derivatives are produced as a result of the breakdown of glucosinolate products at the time of insect attack or physical damages. Apart from the defensive role of these products, in plants, they also exhibit several other secondary responses that may contribute directly or indirectly to the growth and development. The present review summarized recent signs of progress on the functional properties of indole and its derivatives in different plant systems. The molecular mechanism involved in the defensive role played by indole as well as its’ derivative in the plants has also been explained. Furthermore, the perspectives of indole and its derivatives (natural or synthetic) in understanding the involvement of these compounds in diverse plants have also been discussed.

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Manipulation of Quercetin and Melatonin in the Down-Regulation of HIF-1α, HSP-70 and VEGF Pathways in Rat’s Kidneys Induced by Hypoxic Stress

Dose-Response ◽

10.1177/1559325820949797 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 155932582094979

Author(s):

Aliah R. Alshanwani ◽

Sameerah Shaheen ◽

Laila M. Faddah ◽

Ahlam M. Alhusaini ◽

Hanaa M. Ali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Hemoglobin Concentration ◽

Vascular Endothelial ◽

Hsp 70 ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Defensive Role ◽

Factor Α ◽

Endothelial Growth Factor

Hypoxia may lead to inflammatory responses by numerous signaling pathways. This investigation intended to inspect the defensive role of Quercetin (Quer) and/ or Melatonin (Mel) against reno toxicity induced by Sodium nitrite (Sod ntr). Sod ntr injection significantly decreased blood hemoglobin concentration (Hb) with a concurrent increase in serum tumor necrosis factor- α, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, creatinine, and urea levels. Over protein-expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and heat shock, protein-70 and mRNA of HIF-1α were also observed. Pretreatment of the Sod ntr- injected rats with the aforementioned antioxidants; either alone or together significantly improved such parameters. Histopathological examination reinforced the previous results. It was concluded that the combined administration of Quer and Mel may be useful as a potential therapy against renal injury induced by Sod ntr. HIF-1α and HSP-70 are implicated in the induction of hypoxia and its treatment.

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A “Learning from Action” workshop in Japan

Therapeutic Communities The International Journal of Therapeutic Communities ◽

10.1108/tc-02-2018-0005 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 77-83

Author(s):

Robert Douglas Hinshelwood ◽

Luca Mingarelli ◽

Simona Masnata

Keyword(s):

Far East ◽

Opportunity To Learn ◽

Content Type ◽

Work Activities ◽

Defensive Role ◽

Feedback Data ◽

Experiential Workshop ◽

First Time ◽

Practical Implications

Purpose Many people in severe mentally disturbed states do not use language or other symbolic media well or coherently. Therefore, the non-verbal medium needs to be understood by workers with such people. The “Learning from Action” experiential workshop was developed in order to provide an opportunity to learn about hidden messages in the relationships and roles occurring in activities. In August 2017, a workshop was run for the first time in Japan. The purpose of this paper is to report the experience and dynamics observed by the three consultants, who are here the authors of this paper. Design/methodology/approach After the workshop all the staff and members, including interpreters, were invited to give feedback. Findings Analysis of the feedback data showed certain important dynamics, concerning especially dependence, cultural defences and the defensive role of activity in a multicultural context. Research limitations/implications This is an initial experience to be followed up by later feedback and further workshops. Practical implications Workers awareness of non-verbal communication within the roles of work activities is a training possibility. It faces various resistances including the mental health assumptions of meaninglessness of any communication outside the verbal. Originality/value This is a method of training not widely used even in European countries, and is the first in a country in the far east.

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TRANSPORT AND DEFENSIVE ROLE OF ELATOL AT THE SURFACE OF THE RED SEAWEEDLAURENCIA OBTUSA(CERAMIALES, RHODOPHYTA)

Journal of Phycology ◽

10.1111/j.1529-8817.2008.00507.x ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 584-591 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Daniela B. Sudatti ◽

Silvana V. Rodrigues ◽

Ricardo Coutinho ◽

Bernardo A. P. da Gama ◽

Leonardo T. Salgado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Defensive Role

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Seasonal variation of mono- and sesquiterpene emission rates of Scots pine

Biogeosciences ◽

10.5194/bg-3-93-2006 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 93-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 171

Author(s):

H. Hakola ◽

V. Tarvainen ◽

J. Bäck ◽

H. Ranta ◽

B. Bonn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seasonal Variation ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Early Summer ◽

Emission Rates ◽

High Concentration ◽

Temperature Dependent ◽

Emission Pattern ◽

Defensive Role ◽

Monoterpene Emission

Abstract. The seasonal variation of mono-and sesquiterpene emission rates of Scots pine was measured from April to October in 2004. The emission rates were measured daily in the afternoons with the exception of weekends. Emissions were measured from two branches; one of them was debudded in May (branch A), while the other was allowed to grow new needles (branch B). The monoterpene emission pattern remained almost constant throughout the measurement period, Δ3-carene being the dominant monoterpene (50-70% of the VOC emission). The standard monoterpene emission potential (30°C) was highest during early summer in June (the average of the two branches 1.35 µg g-1h-1) and lowest during early autumn in September (the average of the two branches 0.20 µg g-1h-1. The monoterpene emission potential of branch A remained low also during October, whereas the emission potential of branch B was very high in October. The sesquiterpenes were mainly emitted during mid summer, the dominant sesquiterpene being β-caryophyllene. Branch A had a higher sesquiterpene emission potential than branch B and the emission maximum occurred concomitant with the high concentration of airborne pathogen spores suggesting a potential defensive role of the sesquiterpene emissions. The sesquiterpene emissions were well correlated with linalool and 1,8-cineol emissions, but not with monoterpenes. Sesquiterpene and 1,8-cineol emissions were equally well described by the temperature dependent and the temperature and light dependent algorithms. This is due to the saturation of the light algorithm as the measurements were always conducted during high light conditions.

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