043.18
DIFFERENTIAL ROLE OF LEFT and RIGHT HIPPOCAMPAL FORMATION IN THE ACQUISITION OF THE NAVIGATIONAL MAP IN HOMING PIGEONS

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3451-3451
Author(s):  
A. Gagliardo ◽  
P. Ioalè ◽  
F. Odetti ◽  
V. P. Bingman ◽  
G. Vallortigara
Keyword(s):  
Hippocampal Formation ◽  
Homing Pigeons ◽  
Navigational Map ◽  
Left And Right

scholarly journals Effect of corpus callosum agenesis on the language network in children and adolescents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Bartha-Doering ◽  
Ernst Schwartz ◽  
Kathrin Kollndorfer ◽  
Florian Ph. S. Fischmeister ◽  
Astrid Novak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Functional Language ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Language Abilities ◽  
Verbal Abilities ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Language Network

AbstractThe present study is interested in the role of the corpus callosum in the development of the language network. We, therefore, investigated language abilities and the language network using task-based fMRI in three cases of complete agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC), three cases of partial ACC and six controls. Although the children with complete ACC revealed impaired functions in specific language domains, no child with partial ACC showed a test score below average. As a group, ACC children performed significantly worse than healthy controls in verbal fluency and naming. Furthermore, whole-brain ROI-to-ROI connectivity analyses revealed reduced intrahemispheric and right intrahemispheric functional connectivity in ACC patients as compared to controls. In addition, stronger functional connectivity between left and right temporal areas was associated with better language abilities in the ACC group. In healthy controls, no association between language abilities and connectivity was found. Our results show that ACC is associated not only with less interhemispheric, but also with less right intrahemispheric language network connectivity in line with reduced verbal abilities. The present study, thus, supports the excitatory role of the corpus callosum in functional language network connectivity and language abilities.

The role of visual experience for spatial numerical associations

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (0) ◽  
pp. 222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Proulx ◽  
Achille Pasqualotto ◽  
Shuichiro Taya
Keyword(s):  
Visual Experience ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Random Number Generation ◽  
Number Line ◽  
Mental Number Line ◽  
Generation Task ◽  
Congenitally Blind ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right

The topographic representation of space interacts with the mental representation of number. Evidence for such number–space relations have been reported in both synaesthetic and non-synaesthetic participants. Thus far most studies have only examined related effects in sighted participants. For example, the mental number line increases in magnitude from left to right in sighted individuals (Loetscher et al., 2008, Curr. Biol.). What is unclear is whether this association arises from innate mechanisms or requires visual experience early in life to develop in this way. Here we investigated the role of visual experience for the left to right spatial numerical association using a random number generation task in congenitally blind, late blind, and blindfolded sighted participants. Participants orally generated numbers randomly whilst turning their head to the left and right. Sighted participants generated smaller numbers when they turned their head to the left than to the right, consistent with past results. In contrast, congenitally blind participants generated smaller numbers when they turned their head to the right than to the left, exhibiting the opposite effect. The results of the late blind participants showed an intermediate profile between that of the sighted and congenitally blind participants. Visual experience early in life is therefore necessary for the development of the spatial numerical association of the mental number line.

La sinistra e la destra nella Francia politica

2013 ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Vincent Duclert
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
The Future ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Republic

The recent presidential elections in 2012 have shown that left-right cleavage was still dominant in France. The redistribution of political forces, strongly awaited by the center (but also by the extremes) did not take place. At the same time, the major issues, such the European unification, the future of the nation, the future of the Republic, the role of the state, continue to cross left and right fields, revealing other cleavages that meet other historical or philosophical contingencies. However, the left-right opposition in France structured contemporary political life, organizing political families, determining the meaning and practice of institutions. Thence, the question is to understand what defines these two political fields and what history brings to their knowledge since the French Revolution, or they are implemented

Bihemispheric Language: How the Two Hemispheres Collaborate in the Processing of Language

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman D. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Linguistic Processing ◽  
Figures Of Speech ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
The Right

Speech production in most people is strongly lateralized to the left hemisphere (LH), but language understanding is generally a bilateral activity. At every level of linguistic processing that has been investigated experimentally, the right hemisphere (RH) has been found to make characteristic contributions, from the processing of the affective aspects of intonation, through the appreciation of word connotations, the decoding of the meaning of metaphors and figures of speech, to the understanding of the overall coherency of verbal humour, paragraphs and short stories. If both hemispheres are indeed engaged in linguistic decoding and both processes are required to achieve a normal level of understanding, a central question concerns how the separate language functions on the left and right are integrated. This chapter reviews relevant studies on the hemispheric contributions to language processing and the role of interhemispheric communications in cognition.

Independent Coding of Wind Direction in Cockroach Giant Interneurons

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 2655-2661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adi Mizrahi ◽  
Frederic Libersat
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Cell Interactions ◽  
Synaptic Activity ◽  
Cercal System ◽  
Giant Interneurons ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Left And Right

Mizrahi, Adi and Frederic Libersat. Independent coding of wind direction in cockroach giant interneurons. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 2655–2661, 1997. In this study we examined the possible role of cell-to-cell interactions in the localization processing of a wind stimulus by the cockroach cercal system. Such sensory processing is performed primarily by pairs of giant interneurons (GIs), a group of highly directional cells. We have studied possible interactions among these GIs by comparing the wind sensitivity of a given GI before and after removing another GI with the use of photoablation. Testing various combinations of GI pairs did not reveal any suprathreshold interactions. This was true for all unilateral GI pairs on the left or right side as well as all the bilateral GI pairs (left and right homologues). Those experiments in which we were able to measure synaptic activity did not reveal subthreshold interactions between the GIs either. We conclude that the GIs code independently for a given wind direction without local GI–GI interactions. We discuss the possible implications of the absence of local interactions on information transfer in the first station of the escape circuit.

Role of angiotensin and adrenoceptors in hemodynamic response to aortic cross-clamping

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (1) ◽  
pp. H14-H20
Author(s):  
S. Gelman ◽  
S. E. Curtis ◽  
W. E. Bradley ◽  
C. T. Henderson ◽  
D. A. Parks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Vena Cava ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Alpha Adrenoceptors ◽  
Beta Adrenoceptor ◽  
Adrenergic Antagonist ◽  
Left And Right

An earlier study has shown that angiotensin and catecholamines were responsible for the vasoconstriction observed in the isolated hindlimb preparation during aortic cross-clamping. That study also demonstrated that when vasoconstriction was blocked with an alpha-adrenergic antagonist, phenoxybenzamine, vasodilation was elicited by aortic cross-clamping. The present study tested the hypothesis that this vasodilation was mediated via beta-adrenergic receptors. Eighteen dogs had their hindlimb denervated, vascularly isolated, and pump perfused with blood drained from the inferior vena cava, after passing through a gas-exchanging membrane where oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions were normalized. Left and right thoracotomies were performed, and the aorta and inferior vena cava were cross-clamped. The cross-clamping was associated with 29-37% increase in limb vascular resistance in control dogs (n = 6), in animals pretreated with propranolol (2 mg/kg, n = 6), and in dogs pretreated with a combination of phenoxybenzamine (3 mg/kg) and propranolol (2 mg/kg, n = 6). In animals pretreated with a combination of phenoxybenzamine, propranolol, and enalaprilat (2 mg/kg, n = 6), an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, limb vascular resistance did not change. This study has confirmed that aortic cross-clamping is associated with vasoconstriction induced by angiotensin and activation of alpha-adrenoceptors and has further demonstrated that vasodilation is attributable to beta-adrenoceptor activation.

scholarly journals Anti-Aβ antibodies bound to neuritic plaques enhance microglia activity and mitigate tau pathology

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Laversenne ◽  
Sameer Nazeeruddin ◽  
Emma C. Källstig ◽  
Philippe Colin ◽  
Christel Voize ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Tau Protein ◽  
Hippocampal Formation ◽  
Dystrophic Neurites ◽  
Neuritic Plaques ◽  
Tau Pathology ◽  
Continuous Administration ◽  
Plaque Deposition ◽  
5Xfad Mice

AbstractThe brain pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by the misfolding and aggregation of both the amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide and hyperphosphorylated forms of the tau protein. Initial Aβ deposition is considered to trigger a sequence of deleterious events contributing to tau pathology, neuroinflammation and ultimately causing the loss of synapses and neurons. To assess the effect of anti-Aβ immunization in this context, we generated a mouse model by overexpressing the human tau protein in the hippocampus of 5xFAD mice. Aβ plaque deposition combined with human tau overexpression leads to an array of pathological manifestations including the formation of tau-positive dystrophic neurites and accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau at the level of neuritic plaques. Remarkably, the presence of human tau reduces microglial clustering in proximity to the Aβ plaques, which may affect the barrier role of microglia. In this mouse model, continuous administration of anti-Aβ antibodies enhances the clustering of microglial cells even in the presence of tau. Anti-Aβ immunization increases plaque compaction, reduces the spread of tau in the hippocampal formation and prevents the formation of tau-positive dystrophic neurites. However, the treatment does not significantly reduce tau-induced neurodegeneration in the dentate gyrus. These results highlight that anti-Aβ immunization is able to enhance microglial activity around neuritic plaques, mitigating part of the tau-induced pathological manifestations.

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