Sperm environment affects offspring quality in broadcast spawning marine invertebrates

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin John Marshall ◽  
Craig Andrew Styan ◽  
Michael James Keough
Keyword(s):  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Offspring Quality ◽  
Broadcast Spawning

scholarly journals High potential for formation and persistence of chimeras following aggregated larval settlement in the broadcast spawning coral, Acropora millepora

2011 ◽  
Vol 279 (1729) ◽  
pp. 699-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Puill-Stephan ◽  
M. J. H. van Oppen ◽  
K. Pichavant-Rafini ◽  
B. L. Willis
Keyword(s):  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Larval Settlement ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Broadcast Spawning ◽  
Acropora Millepora ◽  
Reef Corals ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
High Level

In sessile modular marine invertebrates, chimeras can originate from fusions of closely settling larvae or of colonies that come into contact through growth or movement. While it has been shown that juveniles of brooding corals fuse under experimental conditions, chimera formation in broadcast spawning corals, the most abundant group of reef corals, has not been examined. This study explores the capacity of the broadcast spawning coral Acropora millepora to form chimeras under experimental conditions and to persist as chimeras in the field. Under experimental conditions, 1.5-fold more larvae settled in aggregations than solitarily, and analyses of nine microsatellite loci revealed that 50 per cent of juveniles tested harboured different genotypes within the same colony. Significantly, some chimeric colonies persisted for 23 months post-settlement, when the study ended. Genotypes within persisting chimeric colonies all showed a high level of relatedness, whereas rejecting colonies displayed variable levels of relatedness. The nearly threefold greater sizes of chimeras compared with solitary juveniles, from settlement through to at least three months, suggest that chimerism is likely to be an important strategy for maximizing survival of vulnerable early life-history stages of corals, although longer-term studies are required to more fully explore the potential benefits of chimerism.

Ocean acidification reduces sperm flagellar motility in broadcast spawning reef invertebrates

Zygote ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaya Morita ◽  
Ryota Suwa ◽  
Akira Iguchi ◽  
Masako Nakamura ◽  
Kazuaki Shimada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Haploid Genome ◽  
Flagellar Motility ◽  
Distant Future ◽  
Broadcast Spawning ◽  
Wide Range

SummaryOcean acidification is now recognized as a threat to marine ecosystems; however, the effect of ocean acidification on fertilization in marine organisms is still largely unknown. In this study, we focused on sperm flagellar motility in broadcast spawning reef invertebrates (a coral and a sea cucumber). Below pH 7.7, the pH predicted to occur within the next 100 years, sperm flagellar motility was seriously impaired in these organisms. Considering that sperm flagellar motility is indispensable for transporting the paternal haploid genome for fertilization, fertilization taking place in seawater may decline in the not too distant future. Urgent surveys are necessary for a better understanding of the physiological consequences of ocean acidification on sperm flagellar motility in a wide range of marine invertebrates.

scholarly journals Beyond the Coral Triangle: high genetic diversity and near panmixia in Singapore's populations of the broadcast spawning sea star Protoreaster nodosus

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 160253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. C. Tay ◽  
M. W. P. Chng ◽  
W. W. G. Sew ◽  
F. E. Rheindt ◽  
K. P. P. Tun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Population Connectivity ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Coral Triangle ◽  
Sea Star ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Broadcast Spawning ◽  
Genome Wide

The Coral Triangle is widely considered the most important centre of marine biodiversity in Asia while areas on its periphery such as the South China Sea, have received much less interest. Here, we demonstrate that a small population of the knobbly sea star Protoreaster nodosus in Singapore has similarly high levels of genetic diversity as comparable Indonesian populations from the Coral Triangle. The high genetic diversity of this population is remarkable because it is maintained despite decades of continued anthropogenic disturbance. We postulate that it is probably due to broadcast spawning which is likely to maintain high levels of population connectivity. To test this, we analysed 6140 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci for Singapore's populations and demonstrate a pattern of near panmixia. We here document a second case of high genetic diversity and low genetic structure for a broadcast spawner in Singapore, which suggests that such species have high resilience against anthropogenic disturbances. The study demonstrates the feasibility and power of using genome-wide SNPs for connectivity studies of marine invertebrates without a sequenced genome.

Variability in egg and jelly-coat size and their contribution to target size for spermatozoa: a review for the Echinodermata

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dione J. Deaker ◽  
Shawna A. Foo ◽  
Maria Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Target Size ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Egg Volume ◽  
Broadcast Spawning ◽  
Offspring Fitness ◽  
Jelly Coat

Fertilisation and development in broadcast-spawning marine invertebrates depends on the ability of the egg to attract spermatozoa and provision progeny. Echinoderm eggs have a jelly coat that facilitates sperm–egg collisions. We investigated variation in egg volume and target area for spermatozoa provided by the jelly coat within and between three sea urchin species (Heliocidaris erythrogramma, Heliocidaris tuberculata, Centrostephanus rodgersii), as well as across 22 echinoderm species for which data are available. Egg and jelly-coat size varied within spawns of individual females, between females of a species and between species. The jelly coat increased egg target area by 125–489% for echinoids with planktotrophic development. In general, planktotrophic echinoids (n=16) with larger eggs had thicker jelly coats, as did H. tuberculata females with larger eggs. Variability in egg and jelly-coat size within a species indicates that these traits are prone to maternal effects and may be influenced by factors such as sperm environment and offspring fitness that drive selection on egg investment. The greater variability in jelly-coat size compared with that of the egg has a large potential to affect fertilisation and should be considered in models of fertilisation kinetics. Egg size alone cannot be used as a metric to infer target size for spermatozoa.

Section 3 Summary—Larval Transport, Settlement, and Metamorphosis

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Sensory Ecology ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Larval Transport ◽  
Broadcast Spawning ◽  
Developmental Transition ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Settlement And Metamorphosis

Life cycles for broadcast-spawning marine invertebrates are characterized by a pelagic (larval) and benthic (juvenile and adult) stage, which are differentiated by the process of settlement and metamorphosis. While settlement and recruitment are concepts that primarily deal with the ecological aspects of this transition, they are often accompanied by a drastic morphological and developmental transition. Larval transport, the means of reaching suitable settlement sites, is difficult to study, but insights from genetics, behavior, sensory ecology, and oceanography have provided important insights....

Temporal variability in offspring quality and individual reproductive output in a broadcast-spawning marine fish

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 1353-1361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy E Roney ◽  
Rebekah A Oomen ◽  
Halvor Knutsen ◽  
Esben M Olsen ◽  
Jeffrey A Hutchings
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Offspring Quality ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Broadcast Spawning ◽  
Batch Number ◽  
Individual Fitness

Abstract The protracted spawning period of broadcast-spawning marine fishes has potential to generate considerable variability in metrics of individual reproductive output. We undertook a temporally detailed genetic study of larvae produced by Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) from two spatially proximate populations spawning under controlled semi-natural conditions over 94 days. Based on daily samples of larvae (n = 4489 in total), we document fine-scaled temporal changes in, and correlates of, offspring phenotype and reproductive output (egg batches produced or fertilized). Larval length and standardized yolk-sac volume declined 11 and 49% over the spawning period, respectively. The adaptive significance of these trends is unclear. Longer, heavier females produced longer, better-provisioned larvae. Body size affected the number of egg batches to which an individual contributed genetically but not spawning duration. Males contributed gametes to a greater number of egg batches (19.5 vs. 9.2), and spawned over a longer period of time (48.9 vs. 30.8 days), than females. After accounting for body size and condition, egg batch number and spawning duration differed between adjacent populations separated by < 10 km. Our work highlights the need to understand the environmental and adaptive causes of temporal variability in offspring quality and its consequences to individual fitness and per capita population growth in batch-spawning fishes.

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