scholarly journals Interactive effects of fungal endophyte infection and host genotype on growth and storage in Lolium perenne

2003 ◽  
Vol 158 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Cheplick ◽  
R. Cho
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 5285
Author(s):  
Wei He ◽  
Linwei Guo ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Qianqian Zhao ◽  
Lizhu Guo ◽  
...  

Many plant endophytes produce mycotoxins, but how host genetic variation influences endophyte colonization and mycotoxin production under natural conditions is poorly understood. This interaction has not been fully considered in many previous studies which used controlled experiments with agronomic or model plant species. Here, we investigated this interaction in a naturally occurring forb (a locoweed species) Oxytropis ochrocephala, its symbiotic endophyte Alternaria oxytropis, and the mycotoxin swainsonine. Host genetic variation was characterized by microsatellite markers. Endophyte infection rate and swainsonine levels were determined by PCR and HPLC, respectively. Genetic markers defined two distinct host populations and revealed that host genetics were significantly correlated with geographical location, elevation, and precipitation. As the host diverged, symbiotic interactions were reduced or failed to produce detectable swainsonine in one host population. Host genotype and precipitation had a significant impact in shaping swainsonine production at the population level. This study highlights the effect of host genotype in influencing this interaction in locoweeds.


2008 ◽  
Vol 146 (3) ◽  
pp. 1440-1453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Rasmussen ◽  
Anthony J. Parsons ◽  
Karl Fraser ◽  
Hong Xue ◽  
Jonathan A. Newman

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 301-306
Author(s):  
M.R. Mcneill ◽  
D.E. Hume ◽  
R. Ashby ◽  
M. Ashby ◽  
P. Brandon ◽  
...  

To investigate the interaction between Argentine stem weevil (Listronotus bonariensis), its parasitoid Microctonus hyperodae, fungal endophyte (Neotyphodium lolii) and its grass host, four endophyte-ryegrass (Lolium perenne) treatments were established on four farms in Wairarapa in autumn 2003. A diploid ryegrass contained either wild-type or AR1 endophyte or was endophytefree, while a tetraploid ryegrass contained AR1 endophyte. Wild-type, AR1 and endophyte-free ryegrasses average 52%, 91% and 2% endophyte-infected tillers for the 3 years of measurement. Moderate increases over time in the proportion of wild-type infected tillers indicated selection pressures favoured endophyte-infected tillers. Endophyte-free tiller populations were 11% lower than AR1 or wild-type but not significantly so. L. bonariensis populations were highest in endophyte-free and wild-type pastures and 80% lower in AR1 pastures. Mean rates of parasitism in L. bonariensis were lower in spring (9%) than autumn (35%), tended to be higher in wild-type than in AR1 diploid ryegrass, and only had a weak relationship with percent endophyte-infection. Keywords: endophyte, Neotyphodium lolii, Lolium perenne, dry matter yields, plant persistence, Listronotus bonariensis, Microctonus hyperodae


Author(s):  
Anpalaki J. Ragavan ◽  
Cahit A. Evrensel ◽  
Peter Krumpe

Altered surface and viscoelastic material properties of mucus during respiratory diseases have a strong influence on its clearance by cilia and cough. Combined effects of the surface properties (contact angle and surface tension) and storage modulus with relatively unchanged viscosity on displacement of the simulated mucus aliquot during simulated cough through a model adult human trachea is investigated. For the mucus simulants used in this study contact angle and surface tension increase significantly as storage modulus increase while viscosity remains practically unchanged. Displacement of mucus simulant aliquots increased significantly with increasing storage modulus (and contact angle) at a given cough velocity in the range between 5 meters/second (m/s) and 30 m/s with duration 0.3 s. Results suggest that the interactive effects of elasticity and surface properties may help facilitate mucus displacement at low cough velocities.


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavia Pilar Forte ◽  
Jan Schmid ◽  
Paul P. Dijkwel ◽  
Istvan Nagy ◽  
David E. Hume ◽  
...  

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