Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease: Introduction

1999 ◽  
Vol 222 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tammy M. Bray
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Role of vasoactive peptides in high glucose-induced increased expression of Gαq/11 proteins and associated signaling in vascular smooth muscle cellsThis review is one of a selection of papers published in a Special Issue on Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease.

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magda Descorbeth ◽  
Madhu B. Anand-Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Vascular Smooth Muscle ◽  
High Glucose ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Vasoactive Peptides ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Enhanced Expression ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

We have recently shown that A10 vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) exposed to high glucose exhibited enhanced expression of Gαq and PLCβ proteins. Since high glucose has been reported to increase the levels of vasoactive peptides and oxidative stress, the present study was undertaken to investigate the implication of angiotensin II (Ang II), endothelin (ET)-1, and oxidative stress in the high glucose-induced enhanced expression of Gαq/11 and PLCβ proteins and associated signaling in A10 VSMCs. The levels of Gαq, Gα11, PLCβ-1, and PLCβ-2 proteins, as determined by Western blotting, were significantly higher in A10 VSMCs exposed to high glucose than in control cells. The elevated levels were restored to control values by the antioxidant diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), as well as by the antagonist of Ang II AT1 receptor losartan and the antagonists of ETA and ETB receptors BQ123 and BQ788, respectively. In addition, ET-1-stimulated production of inositol trisphosphate (IP3), which was enhanced by high glucose, was also restored toward control levels by DPI. Furthermore, the enhanced production of superoxide anion (O2–), increased NADPH oxidase activity, and enhanced expression of p22phox and p47phox proteins induced by high glucose were restored to control levels by losartan, BQ123, and BQ788. These results suggest that through increased oxidative stress, high glucose-induced enhanced levels of endogenous Ang II and ET-1 may contribute to the increased levels of Gαq/11 and mediated signaling in A10 VSMCs.

scholarly journals Oxidative stress and Rho GTPases in the biogenesis of tunnelling nanotubes: implications in disease and therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abinaya Raghavan ◽  
Pooja Rao ◽  
Jiri Neuzil ◽  
Dean L. Pountney ◽  
Sangeeta Nath
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Intercellular Communication ◽  
Rho Gtpases ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Mitochondrial Heteroplasmy ◽  
Mediate Cell ◽  
Cellular Stresses ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

AbstractTunnelling nanotubes (TNTs) are an emerging route of long-range intercellular communication that mediate cell-to-cell exchange of cargo and organelles and contribute to maintaining cellular homeostasis by balancing diverse cellular stresses. Besides their role in intercellular communication, TNTs are implicated in several ways in health and disease. Transfer of pathogenic molecules or structures via TNTs can promote the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, cancer malignancy, and the spread of viral infection. Additionally, TNTs contribute to acquiring resistance to cancer therapy, probably via their ability to rescue cells by ameliorating various pathological stresses, such as oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptotic stress. Moreover, mesenchymal stem cells play a crucial role in the rejuvenation of targeted cells with mitochondrial heteroplasmy and oxidative stress by transferring healthy mitochondria through TNTs. Recent research has focussed on uncovering the key regulatory molecules involved in the biogenesis of TNTs. However further work will be required to provide detailed understanding of TNT regulation. In this review, we discuss possible associations with Rho GTPases linked to oxidative stress and apoptotic signals in biogenesis pathways of TNTs and summarize how intercellular trafficking of cargo and organelles, including mitochondria, via TNTs plays a crucial role in disease progression and also in rejuvenation/therapy.

Dealing with oxidative stress and iron starvation in microorganisms: an overviewThis review is one of a selection of papers published in a Special Issue on Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease.

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie-Anna M. Benjamin ◽  
Guillaume Desnoyers ◽  
Audrey Morissette ◽  
Hubert Salvail ◽  
Eric Massé
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Iron Starvation ◽  
Intracellular Iron ◽  
Iron Sulfur Clusters ◽  
Successful Infection ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Selection Of

Iron starvation and oxidative stress are 2 hurdles that bacteria must overcome to establish an infection. Pathogenic bacteria have developed many strategies to efficiently infect a broad range of hosts, including humans. The best characterized systems make use of regulatory proteins to sense the environment and adapt accordingly. For example, iron–sulfur clusters are critical for sensing the level and redox state of intracellular iron. The regulatory small RNA (sRNA) RyhB has recently been shown to play a central role in adaptation to iron starvation, while the sRNA OxyS coordinates cellular response to oxidative stress. These regulatory sRNAs are well conserved in many bacteria and have been shown to be essential for establishing a successful infection. An overview of the different strategies used by bacteria to cope with iron starvation and oxidative stress is presented here.

scholarly journals Taurine and oxidative stress in retinal health and disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Castelli ◽  
Antonella Paladini ◽  
Michele d’Angelo ◽  
Marcello Allegretti ◽  
Flavio Mantelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

scholarly journals Oxidative stress, protein glycation and nutrition – interactions relevant to health and disease throughout the lifecycle

2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonis Vlassopoulos ◽  
Michael E. J. Lean ◽  
Emilie Combet
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stress Protein ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Protein Glycation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Diabetes Diagnosis ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Protein glycation has been studied for over a century now and plays an important role in disease pathogenesis throughout the lifecycle. Strongly related to diabetic complications, glycation of Hb has become the gold standard method for diabetes diagnosis and monitoring. It is however attracting attention in normoglycaemia as well lately. Longitudinal studies increasingly suggest a positive relationship between glycation and the risk of chronic diseases in normoglycaemic individuals, but the mechanisms behind this association remain unclear. The interaction between glycation and oxidative stress may be particularly relevant in the normoglycaemic context, as suggested by recent epidemiological and in vitro evidence. In that context nutritional and lifestyle factors with an influence on redox status, such as smoking, fruit and vegetable and antioxidants consumption, may have the capacity to promote or inhibit glycation. However, experimental data from controlled trials are lacking the quality and rigour needed to reach firm conclusions. In the present review, we discuss the importance of glycation for health through the lifecycle and focus on the importance of oxidative stress as a driver for glycation. The importance of nutrition to modulate glycation is discussed, based on the evidence available and recommendations towards higher quality future research are made.

Association between calcitriol and paricalcitol with oxidative stress in patients with hemodialysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Hasan Haci Yeter ◽  
Berfu Korucu ◽  
Elif Burcu Bali ◽  
Ulver Derici
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Total Oxidant Status ◽  
Vitamin D Analog ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Oxidant Status ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract. Background: The pathophysiological basis of chronic kidney disease and its complications, including cardiovascular disease, are associated with chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. We investigated the effects of active vitamin D (calcitriol) and synthetic vitamin D analog (paricalcitol) on oxidative stress in hemodialysis patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was composed of 83 patients with a minimum hemodialysis vintage of one year. Patients with a history of any infection, malignancy, and chronic inflammatory disease were excluded. Oxidative markers (total oxidant and antioxidant status) and inflammation markers (C-reactive protein and interleukin-6) were analyzed. Results: A total of 47% (39/83) patients were using active or analog vitamin D. Total antioxidant status was significantly higher in patients with using active or analog vitamin D than those who did not use (p = 0.006). Whereas, total oxidant status and oxidative stress index were significantly higher in patients with not using vitamin D when compared with the patients who were using vitamin D preparation (p = 0.005 and p = 0.004, respectively). On the other hand, total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, and oxidative stress index were similar between patients who used active vitamin D or vitamin D analog (p = 0.6; p = 0.4 and p = 0.7, respectively). Conclusion: The use of active or selective vitamin D analog in these patients decreases total oxidant status and increases total antioxidant status. Also, paricalcitol is as effective as calcitriol in decreasing total oxidant status and increasing total antioxidant status in patients with chronic kidney disease.

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