Electrical light sources: a challenge for the future

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 194-195 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Light Sources ◽  
The Future

The Future of Flow Cytometry in Biotechnology: The Response to Diversity and Complexity

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry A. Sklar
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Scattered Light ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Hydrodynamic Focusing ◽  
Los Alamos National Laboratory ◽  
The Future ◽  
Dependent Cell

Flow cytometry is a mature technology: Instruments recognizable as having elements of modern flow cytometers date back at least 30 years. There are many good sources for information about the essential features of flow cytometers, how they operate, and how they have been used. For the purposes of this book, it is necessary to know that flow cytometers have fluidic, optical, electronic, computational, and mechanical features. The main function of the fluidic components is to use hydrodynamic focusing to create a stable particle stream in which particles are aligned in single file within a sheath stream, so that the particles can be analyzed and sorted. The main functions of the optical components are to allow the particles to be illuminated by one or more lasers or other light sources and to allow scattered light as well as multiple fluorescence signals to be resolved and be routed to individual detectors. The electronics coordinate these functions, from the acquisition of the signals (pulse collection, pulse analysis, triggering, time delay, data, gating, detector control) to forming and charging individual droplets, and to making sort decisions. The computational components are directed at postacquisition data display and analysis, analysis of multivariate populations and multiplexing assays, and calibration and analysis of time-dependent cell or reaction phenomena. Mechanical components are now being integrated with flow cytometers to handle plates of samples and to coordinate automation such as the movement of a cloning tray with the collection of the droplets. The reader is directed to a concise description of these processes in Robinson’s article in the Encyclopedia of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering. This book was conceived of to provide a perspective on the future of flow cytometry, and particularly its application to biotechnology. It attempts to answer the question I heard repeatedly, especially during my association with the National Institutes of Health–funded National Flow Cytometry Resource at Los Alamos National Laboratory: What is the potential for innovation in flow cytometer design and application? This volume brings together those approaches that identify the unique contributions of flow cytometry to the modern world of biotechnology.

Storage Ring Light Sources

2010 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 57-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. T. Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
Storage Ring ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
The Future ◽  
Historical Remarks ◽  
Development And Evolution

This article outlines the development and evolution of storage ring light sources, focusing on the latest, third generation light sources. After making brief historical remarks, it describes the current status, the performance, and the technological advancements of third generation light sources. The future developments of the ultimate storage ring as the next generation light source are envisioned.

GENERAL V(λ) MISMATCH INDEX - HISTORY, CURRENT STATE, NEW IDEAS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Krüger ◽  
A. Ferrero ◽  
A. Thorseth ◽  
V. Mantela ◽  
A. Sperling
Keyword(s):  
Short Review ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Spectral Responsivity ◽  
Efficiency Function ◽  
Current Definition ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Future ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Adequate Definition ◽  
Definition Of

The general V(λ) mismatch index, f_1^' quantifies the mismatch between the spectral responsivity of a photometer, s(λ), and the spectral luminous efficiency function, V(λ). A short review of its historical development is given to explain the reasons for the current definition and which adjustments may be useful for the future. The properties of the current definition are described in detail. It is very likely that in the future, calibration of photometers will be done with a white LED light source as reference. It might involve the need for a more adequate definition of the general V(λ) mismatch index, either by using a different normalization in f_1^' for the spectral responsivity of the photometer or by introducing a different type of function for assessing the mismatch. On the other hand, the measurement of coloured LEDs is also becoming increasingly important. Is a single quality index for white and coloured light sources sufficient?

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