scholarly journals Screening of phytopathogens and phytopathoges on Chenomeles (CHAENOMELES LINDL.) cultivars

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00245
Author(s):  
Y. Fedulova ◽  
A. Kuklina ◽  
V. Sorokopudov ◽  
O. Sorokopudova ◽  
S. Shlapakova ◽  
...  

The pathogenic microflora and entomofauna were studied on the Chaenomeles Lindl. cutivars (Maloideae, Rosaceae). In central Russia, the multi-year systematic monitoring of pathogens and phytophages was carried out on plants Ch. japonica, Ch. cathayensis, Ch. ×superba. Among the identified pathogens, the micromycetes belonging to genera Botrytis, Cytospora, Diplocarpon, Entomosporium, Gloeosporium, Monilia, Neonectria, Penicillium, Pestalotia, Phomopsis, Phyllosticta, Septoria and Sphaeropsis were found to be injurious. With age, the accumulation of infectious background, including viral diseases and the damaging entomofauna was noted in the plantings of fruit crop Chaenomeles. The species composition of phytophages is mainly represented by autochthonous species (polyphages and oligophages), preferring the plants of Rosaceae family. Despite the abundance of species in the phytophage complex, it has a little effect on the decorativeness of Ch. japonica, Ch. cathayensis and Ch. × superba.

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
O. O. Dmitruk ◽  
S. V. Derevianko ◽  
L. M. Reshotko ◽  
I. V. Volkova ◽  
О. О. Kucheriavenko ◽  
...  

The results of monitoring researches of potato virus diseases in the soil and climatic conditions of the Chernigov region. An analysis of the situation in the potato seed shows that the variety is largely defeat viral diseases. In potato seed plots found: potato M-, S-, Y-virus, in monoinfection, and as part of pathocomplexes. Prevails in crops entomophilous potato M virus as monoinfection (36 %) or in combination with other mosaic viruses. Potato virus Y is found in 18 from 47 potato cultivars. A study of the species composition of pathogens and their vectors, infection pathways in the field and deve lopment of viral disease, is the basis for the proper and effective application of safeguard measures.


2021 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
Lidia Gruner ◽  
Boris Kornilov

The materials of the article present data on the various manifestations of ability of repeated flowering and fruiting during one growing season by representatives of the subgenus Eubatus Focke (blackberry). The research was carried out in experimental plantings of the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (city of Orel). Classical methods of cultivar study were used. Experimental blackberry cultivars have different maturation periods, so the delayed formation of peduncles is of unequal importance when growing them. In this regard, the purpose of the work was to study the phenomenon of multiple flowering and fruiting of blackberry in the conditions of the Orel region of Russia, to identify cultivars and breeding forms with the greatest severity of this trait, to show its positive and negative sides. As a result, it has been found that the ability of blackberries to flower repeatedly is a characteristic feature of this crop, and for a number of cultivars it is a valuable economic feature in the conditions of Central Russia. Three main types of this phenomenon are shown, which manifest themselves differently in the studied cultivars and forms. Based on the data obtained, we believe that early ripening blackberry cultivars are preferred for the middle part of Russia.


Author(s):  
Наталья Михайловна Решетникова ◽  
Андрей Викторович Щербаков ◽  
Екатерина Олеговна Королькова

В статье обсуждается произрастание центрально-европейских видов растений на месте расположения немецких войск на территории Калужской области (растения-полемохоры). Наибольшее число растений-полемохоров в регионе отмечено на трех участках - всего зарегистрировано 32 вида, по 18 видов на каждом. Описаны особенности военной истории и современное состояние для каждого из участков. Для каждого полемохорного вида приведено обилие и приуроченность к немецким укреплениям на изученной территории, распространение в области и в Средней России Совпадение состава видов в разных точках дислокации немецких войск, и отсутствии их на остальной территории области подтверждает их общее происхождение. Here we discuss the occurrence of Central European plants at the Second World War German troops' locations in the Kaluga Region (polemochore plants). The largest number of polemochore plants in the Region was recorded at three sites. There we found 32 species with 18 species on each. For each polemochore species, we give the abundance and proximity to German fortifications, as well as the distribution in the Kaluga Region and in Central Russia. The coincidence of the species composition in different locations of German troops and their absence in the rest of the Region confirms their polemochoral origin


2020 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 109-116
Author(s):  
M. T. Upadyshev ◽  
K. V. Metlitskaya ◽  
S. N. Evdokimenko ◽  
T. A. Tumaeva ◽  
A. A. Borisova ◽  
...  

On raspberries, currently about 30 viral diseases are known in the world that can reduce the yield and its quality. According to the results of previous studies in the Moscow region, the prevalence of viruses on raspberries was: Arabis mosaic virus(ArMV) – 14 %, Raspberry ringspot virus(RpRSV) – 30 %, Strawberry latent ringspot virus(SLRSV) – 16 %, Tomato black ring virus (TBRV ) – 18 %, Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV) – 39 %. Viruses spread in agrocenosis with infected planting material, with tools, with pollen and seeds, nematodes – longidorids (Xiphinema diversicaudatum – ArMV and SLRSVvector, Longidorus elongatus – RpRSV and TBRVvector). The harmfulness of viruses on raspberry plants consisted inreducingthe productivity by 21 %, fruit masse– by 26 % compared with virus-free plants. The aim of the study was to study the species composition of viruses on raspberries to identify candidates for the nuclear stock plants. In serological tests, the ELISA sandwich version was used according, for analysis, diagnostic kits from Loewe (Germany) were used. Leaves were taken as samples. The results of analyzes were recorded on a Stat Fax 2100 hotometer at a wavelength of 405 and 630 nm. RBDV virus RNA was isolated using the CytoSorb kit, followed by RT-PCR. The species composition of viruses on raspberry varieties was studied under ex situ conditions. The total prevalence of viruses was 29 % with the predominance of the RBDV virus (19 %). 102 candidates for nuclearstockplants of 22 varieties of raspberries were identified. After confirming the virus-free status of raspberry plants by PCR, they will receive the category “nuclearstock plant”.


2020 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
M. T. Upadyshev ◽  
K. V. Metlitskaya ◽  
N. V. Andronova ◽  
T. A. Tumaeva ◽  
A. A. Borisova ◽  
...  

Currently, about 20 viral diseases are known on strawberry in the world that can reduce the yield and its quality. According to the results of previous studies in the Moscow region, the prevalence of viruses on strawberries was: Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV) – 14 %, Raspberry ringspot virus (RpRSV) and Strawberry latent ringspot virus (SLRSV) – 16 %, Tomato black ring virus (TBRV) – 25 %. Viruses mainly spread in agrocenosis with infected planting material, with tools, with pollen and seeds, nematodes - longidorids (Xiphinema diversicaudatum – ArMV and SLRSV vector, Longidorus elongatus – RpRSV and TBRV vector). According to published data, the harmfulness of viruses on plants of strawberries was to reduce the number of repens by 6-40 %, outlets by 10-40 %, and ovaries by 30 %. The aim of the study was to study the species composition of viruses on strawberries to identify candidates for the nuclear plants. In serological tests, a sandwich ELISA was used according to the method “Diagnosis of pome and stone crops viruses by ELISA and PCR” (2008), for analysis, diagnostic kits from ‘Loewe’ (Germany) were used. Leaves were taken as samples. The analysis results were recorded on a ‘Stat Fax 2100’ tablet photometer at a wavelength of 405 and 630 nm. The species composition of viruses was studied on strawberry varieties and hybrids under ex situ conditions. The total prevalence of viruses was 29 %. 188 candidates for nuclear stock plants of 17 varieties and 2 hybrids of strawberry were revealed. No viruses were detected on varieties Barynya, Induka and promising hybrids 34-34-5 and 3-372-1, which may be associated with a low percentage of transmission of nepoviruses with seeds. After confirming the virus-free status of strawberry plants by PCR, they will receive the category of “nuclear stock plant”.


2020 ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
А.А. Шаманин ◽  
Л.А. Попова ◽  
М.Н. Берим ◽  
Л.Н. Головина

Северная часть территории Архангельской области характеризуется благоприятными фитосанитарными условиями для производства семенного картофеля. В то же время на урожайность и качество картофеля негативно влияет повреждение его тлями, многие виды которых – переносчики опасных вирусных заболеваний. Цель наших исследований: уточнение видового состава и оценка динамики численности тлей – возможных носителей инфекционной нагрузки при выращивании высококачественного семенного материала картофеля в условиях северных районов Архангельской области. Исследования проводили в 2018–2019 годах в северной части Архангельской области (Холмогорский район, ООО «Агрофирма «Холмогорская»). Опытный участок был представлен посадками картофеля различных сортов первого полевого поколения. Предшественник – вико-овсяная смесь на силос. Погодные условия за период проведения исследований значительно отличались по температурному режиму. Сумма среднесуточных температур в 2018 году составила 1239,1 °С, в 2019 году – 918,4 °С. Количество выпавших осадков незначительно отличалось по годам. Тип почв в изучаемом регионе – подзолистые на суглинистой бескарбонатной морене. Мониторинг тлей-переносчиков вирусных заболеваний проводился методом отлова желтыми сосудами, заполненными водой (ловушки Мерике). На опытном поле располагали четыре ловушки по периметру учетного поля не ближе, чем 5 м от края. Дата установки ловушек соответствовала прорастанию клубней картофеля. Изучение динамики лета тлей в условиях северных территорий Архангельской области позволило выявить видовой состав и численность популяций тлей, присутствующих на посадках семенного картофеля. Выявлено девять видов, пять из которых – потенциальные источники вирусной инфекции. При сравнительно небольших различиях по количеству выпавших осадков и более низких температурах, в 2019 году выявлено на 41% меньше особей тлей, чем в более теплом 2018 году. Наибольшая численность выявлена у черемухово-злаковой тли Rhopalosiphum padi L. – 19–25 особей (23–30%) и бобовой тли Aphis fabae Scop. – 19–16 особей (18–25%). Доля тлей, непосредственно питающихся на картофеле и являющихся прямыми переносчиками вирусов, в 2018 составляла 37%, в 2019 году – 38%. Доля потенциальных переносчиков инфекции за счет пробных уколов в 2018 году составляла 31%, в 2019 году – 44%. The northern part of the Arkhangelsk region is characterized by favorable phytosanitary conditions for the production of seed potatoes. However, the yield and quality of potatoes are adversely affected by aphids, many of which are vectors of dangerous viral diseases. The purpose of our research was to clarify the species composition and assess the dynamics of the number of aphids and possible transfers of infectious load when growing high-quality potato seed material in the Northern districts of the Arkhangelsk region. The research was carried out in 2018–2019 in the northern part of the Arkhangelsk region (Holmogorsky district, Holmogorskaya Agrofirm LLC). The experimental site was represented by planting potatoes of different varieties of the category of the first field generation. The precursor is the vico-oat mixture on the silo. Weather conditions during the period of research significantly differed in temperature conditions. The sum of the average daily temperatures in 2018 was 1239.1 °C, in 2019 – 918.4 °C. The amount of precipitation varied slightly over the years. The type of soil in the studied region is podzolic on a loamy, carbon-free moraine. Monitoring of aphids-vectors of viral diseases was carried out by catching yellow vessels filled with water (Merike traps). On the experimental field, 4 traps were located along the perimeter of the accounting field no closer than 5 meters from the edge. The date of setting the traps corresponded to the germination of potato tubers. The study of the dynamics of the flight of aphids in the northern territories of the Arkhangelsk region revealed the species composition and the number of populations of aphids present at the planting of seed potatoes. Nine species have been identified, 5 of which are potential sources of viral infection. With relatively small differences in precipitation and lower temperatures, 41% fewer aphids were detected in 2019 than in warmer 2018. The largest number was found in the black-grain apthat Rhopalosiphum padi L. 19–25 individuals (23–30%) and bean wase и Aphis fabae Scop. – 19–16 individuals (18–25%). The proportion of aphids directly fed on potatoes and are direct vectors of viruses in 2018 was 37%, in 2019 – 38%. The proportion of potential vectors of infection due to test injections in 2018 was 31%, in 2019 – 44%.


1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Streit ◽  
Kerstin Kuhn

The Rhine river and many other river systems are easily contaminated by organophosphorous insecticides. Whereas overall concentrations of organophosphorous compounds, their dispersal, photolysis, and degradation in rivers have been modelled various times, only few studies have been done on the complex effects on community structures in rivers so far. Using acetylcholinesterase inhibtion as a parameter of sublethal toxicity, we found that organophosphorous insecticide tolerance in various Gammarus species differs widely and may help to explain recent changes in species composition, especially of the introduced G. tigrinus vs. the autochthonous species G. pulex and G. fossarum. The higher tolerance of G. tigrinus could be one of several factors explaining the success of this species in the Rhine river invertebrate fauna.


2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 135-145
Author(s):  
DHAYANATH. M ◽  
◽  
ABISHA JULIET MARY.S.J ◽  
Keyword(s):  

2015 ◽  
pp. 151-156
Author(s):  
A. Koval

The improving investment climate objective requires a comprehensive approach to the regulatory framework enhancement. Policy Framework for Investment (PFI) is a significant OECD’s investment tool which makes possible to identify the key obstacles to the inflow foreign direct investment and to determine the main measures to overcome them. Using PFI by Russian authorities would allow a systematic monitoring of the national investment policy and also take steps to improve the effectiveness of sustainable development promotion regulations.


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