Estimating the Impacts of Non-Tariff Measures in the Indian Ocean Rim Association

In recent years, the Indian Ocean Rim Association has witnessed an increasing trend in the use of non-tariff measures (NTMs). This study evaluated the impact of NTMs in the Indian Ocean Rim Association through estimations of their ad valorem equivalents at the HS chapter and country levels. A gravity model using NTM count data (intensity) was specified and estimated to derive the importer-specific ad valorem equivalents for the four (4) most used NTMs in the region. The results showed the presence of both import-impeding and import-promoting effects of NTMs; however, the import-impeding effects dominated in the region. The quantitative restriction and safeguard measures were more restrictive compared to the sanitary and phytosanitary measures and technical barriers to trade. This was expected since quantitative restrictions are trade-distorting by design. This calls for reforming trade policy in the region toward NTMs that are more transparent and trade enhancing for successful subsequent trade negotiations in the Indian Ocean Rim Association, which would support the sustainable economic development of the region.

Research on the Implementation of Flipped Classroom in the World Economy Course

In the context by which the World Economy course is restricted by the traditional teaching model, the flipped classroom model can solve the issues in the teaching process. The flipped classroom can systematically strengthen teacher-student interaction during and after classes, optimize students’ learning habits, improve students’ learning effect, and effectively provide timely feedback on the teaching effect. Therefore, the World Economy course should implement flipped classrooms and put forward corresponding safeguard measures, including actively changing the role of teachers, effectively guiding students to participate in flipped classrooms, equipped with sufficient and high-quality software and hardware equipment, as well as promoting the scientific evaluation of flipped classroom teaching effect.

The use of muon radiography in safeguarding geological repositories

Muon radiography is a technique that harnesses naturally occurring cosmic radiation to noninvasively determine the density of an object of interest. The technique has many similarities to that of medical X-ray examinations and can supply detailed density maps of the object. We propose the application of muon radiography to aspects of the long-term monitoring of nuclear waste. In particular, muon radiography would provide valuable information on the overburden of a prospective underground geological repository and would be able to identify unknown features, such as undocumented underground passages. Similarly, muon tomography is capable of confirming that containers that have nominally been emptied are in fact empty. Such safeguard measures are important to maintain continuity of knowledge and to develop robust deterrent strategies against the removal of monitored nuclear material. The presentation focuses on the results of simulations that address some of these questions. Details of assumptions regarding the detector requirements and run times necessary to perform the imaging are discussed and results from the various removal and misuse scenarios are presented.

SAFEGUARD RE-INVESTIGATION BY MADAGASCAR GOVERNMENT ON PASTA PRODUCTS FROM INDONESIA BASED ON GATT/WTO FRAMEWORK

Due to the increase of import in the last 4 years, Madagascar investigated imported pastain October 2018, terminated it on July 10, 2019, and reinvestigated it on July 18, 2019. They were followed with Provisional Safeguard Measures(PSM). This study aimed to know whether Madagascar had been fulfilling the elements of Article XIX GATT in the preliminary determination of investigation and whether a safeguard reinvestigation is in accordance with the GATT/WTO. Researchers used a juridical normative approach. The result showed that serious injuries and causal links from Article XIX GATT were undetermined in the preliminary determination. Neither the GATT nor Agreement on Safeguard (SA) were not regulating safeguard reinvestigation, so it can proceed but without PSM in the second investigation, because it violated the provisions of Article 6 SA.Madagascar shall immediately completing the elements that had not been determined and revoke the PSM in the second investigation.

Research on Key Issues of China’s Project Water Price

Focusing on China’s current water price issues, such as “difficulty in pricing, adjustment, charging, and effectiveness” and the others, the current water conservancy project water supply system has been sorted out in terms of water price formation mechanism, water price composition, influencing factors, price system structure, and pricing technology. Quantitative analysis has been carried out on the problems with prices. At the same time, based on the experience and lessons of similar policies and system reforms at home and abroad, the study puts forward the long-term mechanism of water fee collection and subsidy and the implementation of safeguard measures and recommendations for the water supply price system of water conservancy projects.

Safeguard measures and fresh produce trade: The case of U.S. blueberry imports

Safeguard measures are used to limit excessive import growth and protect domestic producers from unfair import competition. The global safeguard investigation for blueberries highlights these concerns and raises questions about the relationship between imports, prices, and the well-being of U.S. producers. Although the U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC) ruled that imports have not caused serious injury to U.S. blueberry producers, it was important to further examine this issue. In this study, we employ an inverse demand model and dynamic Vector Autoregressive (VAR) procedure linking source-specific fresh blueberry imports from countries like Mexico and Chile to U.S. blueberry prices. Our results mostly support the USITC ruling. Results indicate that declines in U.S. prices are small when compared to the level of import growth. Impulse response functions indicate that import price shocks are not long lasting.

Marketing Strategy Analysis of RT-Mart Supermarket Under the Background of Epidemic Situation

This paper takes the RT-Mart supermarket under the background of epidemic as the research object, analyzes the current situation of online and offline operation, and finds out the existing problems. Through SWOT analysis and Porter five force model analysis, the paper discusses the challenges that the supermarket of RT-mart is facing at present. And through two questionnaires, we can find the weak points of marketing in RT-Mart more accurately. According to this, we put forward constructive suggestions and some safeguard measures.

The Future Belongs to Globalized Societies

The concluding chapter summarizes the major findings of the book. Populism has inflicted the greatest damage to global trade and the trading system through the policies of Donald Trump and the UK Brexit vote. Trump’s populist manifesto presents globalism as the opposite of patriotism, but globalized societies increase their national welfare through trade, serving patriotic goals. In order to rebuff the populist temptation it will be necessary to improve adjustment policies, so that workers will have better chances of moving to new jobs when globalization disrupts markets. National trade policy should prevent the concentration of power in one individual’s discretion. The WTO needs to be revitalized through updating its rule book, introducing more effective safeguard measures, and finding new methods of reaching consensus. Maintaining democratic institutions will also be necessary, along with global efforts to defuse refugee crises, and national efforts to integrate and assimilate immigrants.

Research and Practice of Performance Appraisal of Specialist Nursing Staff

The performance appraisal of specialist nurses is an important part of hospital human resource management, and it is also a necessary path to promote the professional development of specialist nurses. Based on the analysis and discussion of the framework design of the performance appraisal system for specialist nurses, this paper studies and discusses the design safeguard measures of the performance appraisal system for specialist nurses, in order to effectively improve the scientific performance of the specialist nurses’ performance appraisal system. Level, lay a good foundation for the improvement of the professional nursing staff's work level and the sustainable development of the hospital.