scholarly journals Productivity of a cereal-row crop rotation in the context of an applied biologization practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 02013
Author(s):  
Natalya Chuyan ◽  
Galina Breskina ◽  
Maya Priputneva ◽  
Anastasiya Okuneva
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Cereal Straw ◽  
Row Crop ◽  
Rotation Crops ◽  
By Products ◽  
Kursk Region

The research was carried out to study the effect of biological preparations (Gribofit and Imunazot), applied both separately and together with nitrogen fertilizers (at the rate of 10 kg of NPPN. per 1 ton of straw) with the use of by-products as fertilizer on crop yield and productivity of the link of the cereal-row crop rotation “sunflower–barley-soybean”. The work was carried out in 2018-2020 in Kursk Region on typical slightly eroded heavy-loamy chernozem. The results are obtained for the following variants: 1. crushed by-products of crop rotation crops (control); 2. crushed by-products of crop rotation crops + nitrogen fertilizers at the rate of 10 kg of NPPN per 1 ton of cereal straw; 3. crushed by-products of crop rotation crops + biological preparations (Gribofit and Imunazot); 4. crushed by-products of crop rotation crops + biological preparations (Gribofit and Imunazot) + nitrogen fertilizers at the rate of 10 kg of NPPN per 1 ton of cereal straw. The results of the studies showed that the application of biological preparations against the background of surface embedded crop by-products provided an increase in the yield of all the crops of the crop rotation link in relation to the control. But higher efficiency was noted when using nitrogen fertilizers against the background of the applied crushed plant residues, it was 10.67 thousand grain units per 1ha, which exceeded the control by 3.19 thousand grain units per 1 ha (42.6%).

scholarly journals Humus balance in a short crop rotation of Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine depending on fertilization systems of typical chornozemic soil

2020 ◽  
pp. 151-159
Author(s):  
I. Prymak ◽  
O. Panchenko ◽  
M. Voytovik ◽  
S. Obrajyy ◽  
I. Panchenko
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Humus Formation ◽  
Soil Fertilization ◽  
Soil Humus ◽  
By Products

Four year research (2015–2018) at Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University proved that plant residues and non-market products of the field five course grain row rotation are important sources for soil humus formation. On the unfertilized areas, fertilized withn8 t/ha of animal manure + N76P64K57, 12 t/ha of animal manure + N95P82K72 and 16 t/ha of animal manure + N112P100K86 humus percentage formed due to humification of plants matter was correspondently 51.4; 40.3; 37.7 and 36.1 %, with animal manure – 0; 15.3; 17.2 and 18.7 %, with by-products of farming – 44.0; 40.8; 41.7 and 42.1 %, with herbage of white mustard – 4.6; 3.6; 3.4 and 3.1 %. With the increase of fertilizers level this index regarding plants matter and green manure decreases, while animal manure provides for the index slight increase. On the unfertilized areas humus balance under cultivated crops as sunfl ower and corn is negative, but under other crops in rotation it is positive. On the fertilized areas under all crops this index is positive. When applying the biggest amount of fertilizers, annual gain in soil humus is 1.1 t/ha. Humus balance is negative on all the variants of research under the condition of disposal of non-market products from the fi elds of crop rotation. Along with plants matter, plant by-products and herbage of white mustard the amount of humus provided to the soil was equal to the application of correspondently 14–33, 12–36 and 1.3–2.6 t of animal manure per hectare of tilled fi eld. Under zero, the fi rst, the second and the third levels of soil fertilization, soil received correspondently 4.08; 5.98; 7.46 and 8.73 t of plants matter 68–71 % of which are root and the others are above surface. The percentage of by-products of crops in the rotation increases with fertilizers amount increase. Soy, winter wheat, sunfl ower and spring barley have a bigger gain in above surface rather than root mass due to increase of fertilizers amount. The highest productivity from one hectare of tilled fi eld in a crop rotation (5.63 t of dry matter, 7.84 t of fodder units, 0.671 t of digestible protein) is gained due to application of 16 t/ha of animal manure + N112P100K86, though the most economically viable amount is 12 t/ha animal manure + N95P82K72. Key words: humus balance, soil, fertilizers, crop, by-products, plants matter, crop rotation, grain crops, index of ecologization, productivity.

Organic matter change and biogenic elements in different crop rotations

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (95) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
D.V. Litvinov ◽  
N. E. Borys
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Biogenic Elements ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Balance Of Plant ◽  
Total Input ◽  
By Products

Тhe article presents the questions of the relevance of recycling organic matter and biogenic elements that enter the soil as a non-commodity part of the crop (by-products and root residues) depending on the yield of the main crop and crop rotation saturated with cereals, legumes and industrial crops. The share of participation of each culture in the formation of articles of the balance of plant biomass has been established. It was revealed that the recycling of nutrients occurs due to the receipt of leaf-stem mass and roots of corn, the return of nutrients was from the total input in the soil of nitrogen 55, phosphorus 50 and potassium 46%. The optimal crop rotation was calculated with 80% saturation with grain crops (including 20% corn for grain) and 20% technical (sunflower): biomass yield as well as its quantity returned to the soil with plant residues, including root crops 57%, while the share of the removed is the smallest among the studied crop rotations – 43%.

Sequestration of carbon oxide in different fertilization systems in agrocenoses

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Demydenko ◽  
Yu. Zapasna ◽  
V. Velychko
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Carbon Oxide ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Capacity Level ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Fertilization System ◽  
By Products

Aim. To substantiate the agroecological estimation of the performance of a short crop rotation in conditions of intense and organic system of fertilization on the basis of restoring normative parameters of emission and se- questration of С-СО 2 circulation while using by-products as organic fertilizers in conditions of modern climatic system of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, statistical, laboratory. Results of Investigations. The performance of short crop rotations is determined by the capacity of С-СО 2 balance. Strong inverse correla- tion was found between the capacity of N and the ratio between C and N in the agrocenosis, which demon- strated that enhancing the humifi cation processes (ratio constriction) led to the increase in the capacity of С org balance and the decrease in the capacity level of С-СО 2 balance (enhancing mineralization), related to the reduction in the performance of crops in the agrocenosis of a crop rotation compared to the organic system of fertilization. The capacity of С-СО 2 and С org balance correlates at the medium level of inverse direction, and the yield of the main products, feed units and digestible protein correlates at the level of strong direct correlation. Conclusions. General mineralization of by-products and humus in the agrocenosis and humifi cation processes are antagonists, so extending the ratio between С and N at the intense fertilization system stimulates the in- crease in performance and reducing С to N similar to the organic fertilization system enhances the humifi cation process due to binding of С org into humus and limits mineralization which leads to the reduction in agrocenosis performance at the organic fertilization system.

Productivity and quality of soybean seeds with different fertilization on podzolized chernozem

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (97) ◽  
pp. 136-144
Author(s):  
H.M. Hospodarenko ◽  
◽  
I.V. Prokopchuk ◽  
K. P. Leonova ◽  
V.P. Boyko
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Different Doses

The productivity of agricultural crops is the most variable and integral indicator of their vital activity, which accumulates their genetic potential, soil fertility, weather conditions and components of agricultural technology. Soybean under optimal growing conditions (the reaction of the soil is close to neutral, sufficient phosphorus and potassium nutrition, the use of nitraginization) assimilates from the air about 70 % of the total nitrogen requirement. Therefore, it is believed that it is enough to apply only a starting dose of nitrogen fertilizers (20–40 kg/ha a. s.), to get a high yield with good indicators of grain quality. The results of studies of the influence of long-term (8 years) application of different doses and ratios of fertilizers in field crop rotation on podzolized chernozem in the conditions of the Right -Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine on the yield and quality of soybean seeds preceded by spring barley were presented. It was found that crop yields could be increased by 18–77 % owing to different doses, ratios and types of fertilizers. The highest indicators of seed yields for three years of the research (3,02 t/ha) were obtained under the application of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N110P60K80 per 1 ha of crop rotation area, including under soybean – N60P60K60. Exclusion of the nitrogen component from the complete fertilizer (N60P60K60) reduced its yield by 26 %, phosphorus – by 17, and potassium by 11 %. There was no significant decrease in soybean yield in the variant of the experiment with a decrease in the proportion of potassium in the composition of complete mineral fertilizer (N60P60K30) for three years of study. The largest mass of 1000 soybean seeds was formed at doses of N60К60 fertilizers, and their protein content — under the application of complete mineral fertilizer in doses of N60P60K60 and N60P60K30.

Soybean production potential under crop rotation in the central forest-steppe of Trans-Urals

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-5
Author(s):  
Ю.В. Суркова ◽  
И.Н. Цымбаленко ◽  
С.Д. Гилев
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Hydrothermal Coefficient ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Favorable Conditions

Представлена комплексная оценка эффективности диверсификации севооборотов, а также способов обработки почвы и влияния азотных удобрений при возделывании сои в условиях засушливого климата центральной лесостепной зоны Зауралья. По результатам исследований, проведённых в 2010–2020 годах в Курганском НИИСХ – филиале УрФАНИЦ УрО РАН, установлено влияние гидротермических условий региона и агротехнических приёмов на формирование урожайности сои. В острозасушливые годы с гидротермическим коэффициентом 0,3–0,6 урожайность сои снижалась наполовину по сравнению с благоприятными по тепло- и влагообеспеченности периодами (ГТК — 1,1–1,2). На фоне удобрений и надёжной системы защиты посевов сои от сорных растений менее затратная поверхностная обработка по урожайности не уступала вспашке. Минеральный азот в дозе N30 на фоне средней обеспеченности почвы подвижным фосфором в острозасушливые годы обеспечил прибавку зерна сои 0,28 т/га, в благоприятные по условиям увлажнения годы прибавка от применения N30 увеличилась до 0,43 т/га. Диверсификация традиционного четырёхпольного зернопарового севооборота путём замены пшеничного поля посевами сои обеспечила повышение продуктивности, улучшение качества продукции и экономических показателей. Рентабельность производства продукции с севооборотной площади в вариантах с ресурсосберегающей поверхностной обработкой выросла до 110% без удобрений и до 117% — на фоне N30 против 49 и 66% в зернопаровом севообороте. В результате многолетних исследований в контрастных погодных условиях установлено, что производство сои в полевом севообороте в центральной лесостепной зоне Зауралья рентабельно даже в острозасушливые годы. При низком уровне урожайности (0,50–0,70 т/га) рентабельность составляет 30–50%. В благоприятные годы ресурсы зауральского климата позволяют получать урожайность сои на уровне 1,40–1,80 т/га. При этом рентабельность повышается до 220%. The report deals with the optimization of a rotation system as well as the effect of tillage and nitrogen fertilizers on soybean productivity under the drought of the central forest-steppe in Trans-Urals. The investigation was conducted at the Kurgan Research Institute of Agriculture in 2010–2020. The aim was to test the effect of tillage, moisture and temperature on soybean yield. Drought (hydrothermal coefficient of 0.3–0.6) reduced soybean productivity by 50% in comparison to favorable conditions (hydrothermal coefficient of 1.1–1.2). Less expensive surface tillage was as effective as plowing under fertilization and weed control. In dry years application of N30 increased grain yield by 0.28 t ha-1 under medium content of soluble P. Under favorable conditions the increase amounted to 0.43 t ha-1. Substitution of wheat with soybean in the conventional four-field crop rotation system resulted in higher crop productivity, yield quality and economic effectiveness. Payback raised up to 110% under surface tillage and no fertilization and 117% — on the background of N30 versus 49 and 66% obtained under fallow and grain crop rotation. Soybean production was cost-effective even under drought. Low soybean yield (0.50–0.70 t ha-1) resulted in profitability of 30–50%. Favorable conditions of the region provided soybean yield of 1.40–1.80 t ha-1, increasing profitability up to 220%.

Influence of Weed Management Practices and Crop Rotation on Glyphosate-Resistant Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) Population Dynamics and Crop Yield-Years III and IV

Weed Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vince M. Davis ◽  
Kevin D. Gibson ◽  
Thomas T. Bauman ◽  
Stephen C. Weller ◽  
William G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
No Till

Horseweed is an increasingly common and problematic weed in no-till soybean production in the eastern cornbelt due to the frequent occurrence of biotypes resistant to glyphosate. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of crop rotation, winter wheat cover crops (WWCC), residual non-glyphosate herbicides, and preplant application timing on the population dynamics of glyphosate-resistant (GR) horseweed and crop yield. A field study was conducted from 2003 to 2007 in a no-till field located at a site that contained a moderate infestation of GR horseweed (approximately 1 plant m−2). The experiment was a split-plot design with crop rotation (soybean–corn or soybean–soybean) as main plots and management systems as subplots. Management systems were evaluated by quantifying in-field horseweed plant density, seedbank density, and crop yield. Horseweed densities were collected at the time of postemergence applications, 1 mo after postemergence (MAP) applications, and at the time of crop harvest or 4 MAP. Viable seedbank densities were also evaluated from soil samples collected in the fall following seed rain. Soybean–corn crop rotation reduced in-field and seedbank horseweed densities vs. continuous soybean in the third and fourth yr of this experiment. Preplant herbicides applied in the spring were more effective at reducing horseweed plant densities than when applied in the previous fall. Spring-applied, residual herbicide systems were the most effective at reducing season-long in-field horseweed densities and protecting crop yields since the growth habit of horseweed in this region is primarily as a summer annual. Management systems also influenced the GR and glyphosate-susceptible (GS) biotype population structure after 4 yr of management. The most dramatic shift was from the initial GR : GS ratio of 3 : 1 to a ratio of 1 : 6 after 4 yr of residual preplant herbicide use followed by non-glyphosate postemergence herbicides.

scholarly journals CHANGING PROPERTIES OF THE MESOTROPHIC PEAT SOIL IN GRAIN-ROW CROP ROTATION UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZERS AND LIME

2012 ◽  
pp. 56-67
Author(s):  
I. I. Lytkin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Row Crop ◽  
Mobile Forms

, mobile forms of P and K (the latter effects considerably the soil fertility at lime doses of more than 0.50 Hг).

scholarly journals Nutritional regime of gray forest soil аt different anthropogenic loads

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-26
Author(s):  
N. Borys ◽  
L. Krasjuk
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Main Product ◽  
Gray Forest Soil ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Nutrient Regime ◽  
By Products

The aim of the research is to establish the peculiarities of the formation of the nutrient regime of gray forest soil with different systems of basic cultivation, fertilization and sealing of by-products of crops in short-rotation 4-field grain crop rotation – winter wheat–corn for grain–barley–soybean. Evaluate the quantitative inflow of biomass, participation in the formation of the nutrient regime of gray forest soil, especially the differentiation of 0–40 cm of soil layer depending on the distribution of nutrients in different tillage soil systems. The studies were carried out in a long-term stationary experiment of the department of soil cultivation and weed control of the NSC «Institute of Agriculture of the NAAS», founded in 1969. The fertilization system consisted of the application of mineral fertilizers N65Р58К68 kg acting things per 1 ha of crop rotation area. As an organic fertilizer, we used by-products of crop rotation, where during 2009–2013 received an average of 5,17–5,50 t/ha, and 2014–2017 – 6,65–7,76 t/ha of crop rotation. The existing yield of the main product significantly influenced the volume of the non-commodity part, with the growth of the main product, the growth of by-products also took place in direct proportion. Nitrogen removal averaged 105 kg/ha, and with biomass it returned on average 55,4 kg/ ha, nitrogen with a full mineralization cycle, in general, this corresponds to 45–47 % of the share of costs. In general, the return of phosphorus from by-products for the rotation of 5 received an average of 12,0–16,7 kg/ha and 4-field crop 26 rotation 19,5–22,0 kg/ha, which was 35–40 % of the total removal harvest. The soil received many times more potassium from the biomass of agricultural crops than part of the cost of the main product, due to the attraction of the maize leaf mass, from which an average of 177–253 kg/ha enters the soil, and for crop rotation – 61,4–95,4 kg/ha per hectare of sown area. Key words: gray forest soil, soil nutrient regime, recycling of nutrients, main and by-products of crops.

scholarly journals Efficiency of fertilization systems in the short crop rotation of the Forest-Steppe of the Western Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 93-101
Author(s):  
A. L. Kyrylesko
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Energy Estimation ◽  
Energy Accumulation ◽  
Energy Assessment ◽  
Western Ukraine

The results of the energy assessment of the crop rotation chain in the Forest-Steppe of the Western Ukraine, humus balance in the soil, nitrogen circulation and plant residues are presented. It has been established that all the proposed fertilization systems are effective in terms of energy accumulation. It has been proved that application of mineral fertilizers in combination with organic fertilizers increases Kee values by 1.2 times. The results of energy estimation of a crop rotation link in the northern part of Forest Steppe of Ukraine are presented. It is established that effective in terms of the energy accumulation are all the proposed fertilizer systems. It is proved that the application of mineral fertilizers in the combination with organic ones increases Kee indices 1.2 times.

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