scholarly journals Detection of ovine herpesvirus-2 in clinical cases of sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever in balinese cattle and apparently healthy sheep in East Nusa Tenggara

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 06006
Author(s):  
Agus Wiyono ◽  
Harimurti Nuradji ◽  
Maxs UE Sanam ◽  
Yohanes TRMR Simarmata ◽  
Rini Damayanti
Keyword(s):  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Malignant Catarrhal Fever ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Healthy Cattle ◽  
Healthy Sheep ◽  
Vaginal Swabs ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a disease causing a fatal outcome in cattle and generates economic losses worldwide. This study aims to detect the cause of the disease in Balinese cattle showing clinical signs such as high fever, serous ocular mucopurulent nasal discharges, and enlargement of pre-scapularis and pre-femoralis lymphnodes. These cattle were previously housed 50 meters away from a flock of sheep which were brought from Sabu Island 3 months earlier. Samples including blood, ocular, nasal, and vaginal swabs were collected from 22 sheep, 30 goats, 33 clinically healthy cattle (22 Balinese and 11 Ongole cattle), and 3 infected Balinese cattle. Samples were processed and tested using A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. Results showed t hat 12 sheep out of 22 and 3 out of 3 infected Balinese cattle were positive MCF, suggesting a potential spread of the disease from sheep to Balinese cattle. No goats and Ongole cattle that were positive indicate that these animals are less susceptible to Ovine Herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2) infection compared to Balinese cattle. The finding of 5 positive samples from 22 healthy Balinese cattle shows the potential of sub-clinical infection of OvHV-2.

Molecular characterisation of ovine herpesvirus type 2 (OvHV-2) in Turkey

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yakup Yildirim ◽  
Seval Bilge Dağalp ◽  
Volkan Yilmaz ◽  
Ali Faraji Majarashin
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Peripheral Blood Leukocyte ◽  
Malignant Catarrhal Fever ◽  
Molecular Characterisation ◽  
Laboratory Examination ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Blood Leukocyte

In this study, the physical examination of 22 cattle revealed clinical signs of malignant catarrhal fever (MCF). Peripheral blood leukocyte (PBL) samples of the 22 cattle, and nasal (n = 7) and conjunctival (n = 9) swab samples from 16 sheep from two different farms, were taken for laboratory examination. The clinical diagnosis of MCF in cows was confirmed by the detection of ovine herpesvirus type 2 (OvHV-2) DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). OvHV-2 DNA was detected by nested-PCR in PBL of one cow with clinical signs and nasal (1/7)-conjunctival(1/9) swab samples of two sheep housed in the same barn. According to the sequence analysis, three slightly divergent viruses were detected. The results indicate the need for additional research in different regions of Turkey to gain a better understanding of the incidence of MCF and its implications for the livestock industry.

scholarly journals Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of ovine herpesvirus-2 in sheep and goats of Al-Qadisiyah Province

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-431
Author(s):  
I. Khudhair ◽  
S. Al-Husseiny ◽  
A. Jawad
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Phylogenetic Methods ◽  
Multiple Alignments ◽  
Healthy Sheep ◽  
Polymerase Chain

This study aimed to identify ovine herpesvirus 2 (OHV-2) infections in sheep and goats in Al-Qadisiyah Province of Iraq, using molecular and phylogenetic methods. Nasal discharge swabs were collected from 60 sheep and 60 goats from 3 different animal sale bars. The samples were subjected to semi-nested-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), sequencing, and phylogenetic tests involving OHV-2 tegument protein gene (OHV-2T). The results of the semi-nested PCR showed the presence of OHV-2 in all 60 (100%) sheep and 52 (86.6%) goats. The samples from both sheep and goats were sent for partial-gene-based sequencing to confirm the PCR results. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted and 6 PCR amplicons (10%) of positive samples from each goat and sheep were submitted for sequencing. The sequence results were reassembled and deposited in the NCBI-GenBank database under the accession numbers of MF004402.1 for sheep and MG875327.1 and MG875328.1 for goats. Multiple alignments of sequences showed close identities with some global isolates of this virus. This study not only reports new sequences from the local OHV-2 isolates that have been deposited in the NCBI GenBank, but also provides important data about the presence and shedding of OHV-2 in the nasal discharge of healthy sheep and goats, and suggests OHV-2 as the major cause of malignant catarrhal fever in cattle.

scholarly journals Molecular-based cross-species evaluation of bovine coronavirus infection in cattle, sheep and goats in Ghana.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitus Burimuah ◽  
Augustina Sylverken ◽  
Michael Owusu ◽  
Philip El-Duah ◽  
Richmond Yeboah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Bovine Coronavirus ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Homologous Sequences ◽  
Rdrp Region ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Background: Apart from the huge worldwide economic losses often occasioned by bovine coronavirus (BCoV) to the livestock industry particularly cattle, continuous surveillance of the virus in cattle and small ruminants is essential in monitoring variations in the virus that could enhance host switching. In this study, we collected rectal swabs from a total of 1,498 cattle, sheep and goats. BCoV detection was based on reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Sanger sequencing of the partial RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) region for postive samples were done and nucleotide sequences were compared with homologous sequences from the GenBank.Results: The study reports a BCoV prevalence of 0.3% consisting of 4 positive cases; 3 goats and 1 cattle. Less than 10% of all the animals sampled showed clinical signs such as diarrhea and respiratory distress except for high temperature which occurred in > 1000 of the animals. However, none of the 4 BCoV positive animals manifested any clinical signs of the infection at the time of sample collection. Bayesian majority-rule cladogram comparing partial and full length BCoV RdRp genes obtained in the study to data from the GenBank revealed that the sequences obtained from this study formed one large monophyletic group with those from different species and countries. The goat sequences were similar to each other and clustered within the same clade. No major variations were thus observed with our isolates and those from elsewhere.Conclusion: Given that Ghana predominantly practice the extensive and semi-intensive systems of animal rearing, our study highlights the potential for spillover of BCoV to small ruminants in settings with mixed husbandry and limited separation between species.

scholarly journals Discrimination between sheep-associated and wildebeest-associated malignant catarrhal fever virus by means of a single-tube duplex nested PCR

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
C.W. Bremer ◽  
H. Swart ◽  
F.A. Doboro ◽  
B. Dungu ◽  
M. Romito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Malignant Catarrhal Fever ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Variable Regions ◽  
Single Tube ◽  
Annealing Temperatures ◽  
High Annealing ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Primer Sets

A single-tube duplex nested polymerase chain reaction (sdn-PCR) was developed for the detection of and discrimination between ovine herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2) and alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 (AlHV-1). These viruses respectively cause sheep- and wildebeest-associated malignant catarrhal fever (SAMCF and WA-MCF). In the first step of the sdn-PCR, two primers with high annealing temperatures based on conserved regions of the tegument genes were used for DNA amplification. In the second step, two primer sets based on variable regions of the respective OvHV-2 and AlHV-1 genes and with annealing temperatures > 11 °C below the primers used in the first step, were used. Internal regions of different sizes from amplicons produced in the first step were amplified. This single-tube test obviates the need for two separate assays to detect both viral types, thereby reducing time, labour and cost.

scholarly journals Malignant Catarrhal Fever-like Disease in Sheep after Intranasal Inoculation with Ovine Herpesvirus-2

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Li ◽  
Donal O'Toole ◽  
Okjin Kim ◽  
J. Lindsay Oaks ◽  
Timothy B. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Malignant Catarrhal Fever ◽  
Peripheral Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
Nasal Secretions ◽  
Bronchiolar Epithelium ◽  
Polymerase Chain

A malignant catarrhal fever (MCF)–like disease was induced experimentally in 3 sheep after aerosol inoculation with ovine herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2). Each of 3 OvHV-2–negative sheep was nebulized with 2 ml of nasal secretions containing approximately 3.07 − 109 OvHV-2 DNA copies from a sheep experiencing an intensive viral-shedding episode. Ovine herpesvirus-2 DNA became detectable by polymerase chain reaction in the peripheral blood leukocytes of all 3 sheep within 3 days, and all 3 seroconverted between 6 and 8 days postinfection (PI). The sheep developed clinical signs, with copious mucopurulent nasal discharge and fever around 14 days PI. One of the 3 clinically affected sheep was euthanized at 18 days PI. Major lesions at necropsy were multifocal linear erosions and ulcers in mucosa of the cheeks, tongue, pharynx, and proximal esophagus and mild disseminated pneumonia. Microscopically, there was extensive moderate superficial histiocytic–lymphocytic rhinitis with epithelial dissociation and degeneration. Moderate multifocal histiocytic bronchointerstitial pneumonia was associated with loss of terminal bronchiolar epithelium. Lymphocytic vasculitis was present only in the lung. The remaining 2 sheep recovered clinically, approximately 25 days PI. The study revealed that clinical signs and lesions resembling MCF can develop when uninfected sheep are exposed to a high dose of aerosolized OvHV-2.

scholarly journals Detection and dynamics of porcine circovirus 2 shedding in semen using conventional and real-time PCR

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 918-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla F Gerber ◽  
Flávia F Pinto ◽  
Marcos B Heinemann ◽  
Zélia I.P Lobato
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Real Time Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The dynamics of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) shedding in semen of naturally infected boars was studied. Semen was collected serially each 15 or 20 days during 62 days from 5 boars from a herd and from 11 boars from an artificial insemination center. All boars were positive for PCV2 DNA by nested polymerase chain reaction of raw semen in at least two sampling dates, and most of them had detectable shedding in all sampling dates. Real-time quantitative PCR was performed in 23 samples. All samples showed low amounts of PCV2 DNA, ranging from 98 to 652 PCV2 copies/mL. No differences between the frequencies of PCV2 DNA shed in semen were found considering herds and age of boars. PCV2 shedding in the semen can occur continuously or intermittently up to 60 days in naturally infected boars at 12 to 42 months old in absence of PCV2 clinical signs. These results demonstrate sporadic and long-term shedding patterns of low amounts of PCV2 DNA in semen from naturally infected boars.

scholarly journals Discrimination between sheep-associated and wildebeest-associated malignant catarrhal fever virus by means of a single-tube duplex nested PCR

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-291
Author(s):  
C.W. Bremer ◽  
H. Swart ◽  
F.A. Doboro ◽  
B. Dungu ◽  
M. Romito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Malignant Catarrhal Fever ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Variable Regions ◽  
Single Tube ◽  
Annealing Temperatures ◽  
High Annealing ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Primer Sets

A single-tube duplex nested polymerase chain reaction (sdn-PCR) was developed for the detection of and discrimination between ovine herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2) and alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 (AlHV-1). These viruses respectively cause sheep- and wildebeest-associated malignant catarrhal fever (SAMCF and WA-MCF). In the first step of the sdn-PCR, two primers with high annealing temperatures based on conserved regions of the tegument genes were used for DNA amplification. In the second step, two primer sets based on variable regions of the respective OvHV-2 and AlHV-1 genes and with annealing temperatures > 11 °C below the primers used in the first step, were used. Internal regions of different sizes from amplicons produced in the first step were amplified. This single-tube test obviates the need for two separate assays to detect both viral types, thereby reducing time, labour and cost.

scholarly journals Field Validation of Laboratory Tests for Clinical Diagnosis of Sheep-Associated Malignant Catarrhal Fever

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 2970-2972 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. U. Müller-Doblies ◽  
H. Li ◽  
B. Hauser ◽  
H. Adler ◽  
M. Ackermann
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Malignant Catarrhal Fever ◽  
Field Validation ◽  
Standard Samples ◽  
Healthy Cattle ◽  
Seminested Pcr

Until recently, sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (SA-MCF) was diagnosed mainly on the basis of clinical presentation and histopathological changes. Using clinically diagnosed field cases, we have evaluated a seminested PCR and a competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CI-ELISA) and compared these assays in the diagnosis of SA-MCF in cattle with histopathology as a provisional “gold standard.” Samples from 44 cattle with clinical signs suggestive of SA-MCF were examined by histopathology, PCR, and CI-ELISA. In addition, samples from healthy cattle were evaluated by PCR (n = 96) and CI-ELISA (n = 75). Based on histopathology, 38 of the 44 clinical cases were classified as SA-MCF positive, 3 were classified as inconclusive, and 3 were classified as SA-MCF negative. The sensitivity of PCR was 95 to 97%, whereas the specificity ranged between 94 and 100%. The CI-ELISA showed a sensitivity of 56 to 87% and a specificity between 91 and 100%. In the field, there is good correlation between the diagnoses of SA-MCF by histopathology, PCR, and CI-ELISA. These data also confirm the close association of ovine herpesvirus 2 with SA-MCF in Switzerland.

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