Conservation of Rare Plants Using “Ex Situ“ And ”In Situ” Methods in Coal Industry Objects Designing

The experience of predesign inspection of the territory put under impact of future open pit is observed in the article. Geobotanical researches were carried out and populations of two plant species included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo region were found: Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer and Epipactis helleborine (L.) Grantz. Conservation of G. uralensis was carried out by “in situ” method – by transfer on other natural habitat. Individuals of E. helleborine were transferred at the territory of the Kuzbass botanical garden. Two years' observations of populations’ condition have shown successful growth of all individuals. These methods of conservation of rare plant populations are recommended by Project of UNDP-GEF for implementation at the industrial enterprises.

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Diversity, Phylogeny and Antagonistic Activity of Fungal Endophytes Associated with Endemic Species of Cycas (Cycadales) in China

Journal of Fungi ◽

10.3390/jof7070572 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (7) ◽

pp. 572

Author(s):

Melissa H. Pecundo ◽

Thomas Edison E. dela Cruz ◽

Tao Chen ◽

Kin Israel Notarte ◽

Hai Ren ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Sequence Similarity ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

Fungal Endophytes ◽

Botanical Garden ◽

Rare Plants ◽

Fungal Communities ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Endemic Plant ◽

Coralloid Roots

The culture-based approach was used to characterize the fungal endophytes associated with the coralloid roots of the endemic Cycas debaoensis and Cycas fairylakea from various population sites in China. We aim to determine if the assemblages of fungal endophytes inside these endemic plant hosts are distinct and could be explored for bioprospecting. The isolation method yielded a total of 284 culturable fungal strains. Identification based on the analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA showed that they belonged to two phyla, five classes, eight orders and 22 families. At least 33 known genera and 62 different species were confirmed based on >97% ITS sequence similarity. The most frequent and observed core taxa in the two host species regardless of their population origin were Talaromyces, Penicillium, Fusarium, Pochonia and Gliocladiopsis. Seventy percent was a rare component of the fungal communities with only one or two recorded isolates. Contrary to common notions, diversity and fungal richness were significantly higher in C. debaoensis and C. fairylakea collected from a botanical garden, while the lowest was observed in C. debaoensis from a natural habitat; this provides evidence that garden management, and to a minor extent, ex-situ conservation practice, could influence fungal endophyte communities. We further selected nineteen fungal isolates and screened for their antagonistic activities via a co-cultivation approach against the phytopathogens, Diaporthe sp. and Colletotrichum sp. Among these, five isolates with high ITS similarity matches with Hypoxylon vinosupulvinatum (GD019, 99.61%), Penicillium sp. (BD022, 100%), Penicillifer diparietisporus (GD008, 99.46%), Clonostachys rogersoniana (BF024, 99.46%) and C. rosea (BF011, 99.1%), which showed exceptional antagonistic activities against the phytopathogenic fungi with a significant inhibition rate of 70–80%. Taken together, our data presented the first and most comprehensive molecular work on culturable fungal endophytes associated with the coralloid roots of cycads. Our study also demonstrated that about 5% of fungal endophytes were not detected by the high-throughput sequencing approach, implying the equal importance of a culture-dependent approach to study fungal communities of cycads. We further highlighted the potential role of endemic and rare plants to discover and isolate unique plant-associated fungal taxa with excellent biocontrol properties.

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In situ conservation of fruit landraces

Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding ◽

10.17221/695-cjgpb ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 46 (Special Issue) ◽

pp. S57-S59 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

F. Paprštein ◽

J. Sedlák ◽

V. Holubec

Keyword(s):

Global Positioning System ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

In Situ Conservation ◽

Sour Cherry ◽

Ex Situ ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Fruit Species ◽

Global Positioning ◽

Berry Fruits

In situ conservation is considered as conservation of wild biota in the natural habitat (locality). The authors extend the term to cultivated fruit species naturalised in the landscape, such as occasional spontaneous seedlings, and planted material such as old solitary trees among fields, old groves, avenues (country lanes), wind-breaks, and abandoned remnants of orchards. In situ conservation is also used to mark unique materials during collecting expeditions, before they will be taken as ex situ or proclaimed as permanent in situ. Important landraces found within 12 regions of the Czech Republic were registered, evaluated, and in situ localised by Global Positioning System (GPS). The following accessions were marked for in-situ conservation: apple (401), sweet cherry (263), pear (91), plum (42), sour cherry (27), and berry fruits (18).

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Ex situ conservation of Aconitum heterophyllum Wall.—an endangered medicinal plant of the Himalaya through mass propagation and its effect on growth and alkaloid content

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.1079/pgr200570 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 127-135 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Subedar Pandey ◽

Rekha Kushwaha ◽

Om Prakash ◽

Amita Bhattacharya ◽

P.S. Ahuja

Keyword(s):

Ex Situ Conservation ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

Hot Water ◽

Alkaloid Content ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Endangered Medicinal Plant ◽

Aconitum Heterophyllum ◽

Total Alkaloid Content ◽

The Himalaya

The endangered alpine plant Aconitum heterophyllum was conserved under ex situ conditions (greenhouse and open) of Palampur by overcoming seed dormancy and plant establishment through hot water treatment (40–60 °C for 30–120 s) of seeds. High seed germination (88 and 76%) was obtained when seeds were treated with hot water at 45 and 50 °C for 90 s. Correlation studies also revealed that treatment enhanced vegetative growth and reproductive yield of the plants. The total alkaloid content of the roots and rhizomes of the plants growing under ex situ conditions was lower than the ones collected from the natural habitat in the 1-year-old plants. However, in the 2-year-old plants, it was almost at par with the ones collected from nature. The life cycle of the plants growing under ex situ conditions also did not vary largely from the plants growing under in situ conditions. Therefore, the present study indicates the successful adaptation of A. heterophyllum plants in conditions other than their natural habitat and hence its potential for sustainable commercialization.

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Phytorarity of Chernihiv region in M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine

NaUKMA Research Papers Biology and Ecology ◽

10.18523/2617-4529.2021.4.37-46 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 37-46

Author(s):

Alla Gnatiuk ◽

Rak Oleksandr ◽

Viktoriia Gritsenko ◽

Mykola Gaponenko

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Global Climate ◽

Botanical Garden ◽

Rare Plants ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Pteridium Aquilinum ◽

Rare Plant ◽

Anthropogenic Pressure ◽

National Academy Of Sciences ◽

Rare Plant Species

Increasing anthropogenic pressure, global climate change, and the lack of large introduction centers in the Chernihiv region makes it important to preserve rare species of flora ex situ outside this administrative region. The article presents the results of the study of taxonomic composition and evaluation of the success of the introduction of rare plant species of Chernihiv region in the M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The study of rare plant species and the development of methods for their effective reproduction was initiated in the NBG in 1970 in a separate section “Rare plants of the flora of Ukraine.” It is established that the collection grows and protects 57 phythorarites of Chernihiv region, of which 29 species are listed in the Red Book of Ukraine (III edition), and 28 species – in the “List of regionally rare plant species of Chernihiv region”. Most plants successfully recover ex situ with moderate care or without additional human intervention. The biomorphological spectrum of introduced plants is dominated by cryptophytes (50.88 %) and hemicryptophytes (42.11 %), the shares of phanerophytes, hamephytes and therophytes are insignificant. 17 species of phythorarites formed stable homeostatic populations. Of these: 5 species are listed in the Red Book of Ukraine (Allium ursinum, Crocus reticulatus, Epipactis helleborine, Galanthus nivalis, Pulsatilla pratensis) and 12 species – in the “List of regionally rare plant species of Chernihiv region” (Aster amellus, Corydalis intermedia, C. marschal, Daphne mesereum, Equisetum hyemale, Iris hungarica, Phlomis tuberosa, Primula veris, Pteridium aquilinum, Scilla bifolia, S. sibirica, Vinca minor). Thus, the cultivation of almost a third of the phythorarites of Chernihiv region in the M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden testifies to the effectiveness of their preservation ex situ.

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Ex situ Conservation of Three Endemic and/or Endangered Dianthus Species

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha4119110 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 73 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Victoria CRISTEA ◽

Liliana JARDA ◽

Irina HOLOBIUC

Keyword(s):

Ex Situ Conservation ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Botanical Garden ◽

Ex Situ ◽

First Year ◽

Genetic Uniformity ◽

Current Context ◽

Different Populations

Within the current context of declining biodiversity, the botanical gardens play an essential role in its conservation. Dianthus callizonus, D. glacialis ssp. gelidus and D. spiculifolius are the species that we seek to preserve in "Alexandru Borza" Botanical Garden of Cluj-Napoca (Romania). Several replicates were collected for each taxon from different populations in order to avoid the genetic uniformity. The material collected from the natural sites, was planted on a rockery, specially designed for this collection in the Botanical Garden. At the time of planting, each individual was sampled for setting up an in vitro collection and further biochemical and molecular analyses. In case of ex situ outdoor conservation of the three Dianthus species, 80.6% of the individuals collected in the field survived during the first year but the percentage decreased drastically after four years. In the case of in situ collected individuals, as well as in the case of in vitro individuals, D. spiculifolius had the best ability to acclimatize in the Botanical Garden, and D. callizonus presented the lowest number of surviving individuals. The ex vitro acclimatization of the plantlets had 80% efficiency at 10ÂºC, using three different substrates: soil and pearl stone mix 1/1, soil and sand mix 1/1 and pearl stone. All the three species are preserved in vitro, whereas the plantlets are acclimatized outdoors. Ex situ conservation of these species will have a positive impact on the biodiversity conservation.

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In-situ study of the corrosion process of biodegradable magnesium alloys

Vektor nauki Tol yattinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta ◽

10.18323/2073-5073-2021-2-18-25 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 18-25

Author(s):

P. N. Myagkikh ◽

◽

E. D. Merson ◽

V. A. Poluyanov ◽

D. L. Merson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Corrosion Rate ◽

Magnesium Alloys ◽

Human Body ◽

Corrosion Damage ◽

Az31 Alloy ◽

Corrosion Process ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Zk60 Alloy ◽

In Situ Methods

The interest in magnesium and its alloys considerably increases in recent years. These materials have a unique complex of properties: light-weight and strength make magnesium alloys promising structural materials for the aircraft industry and space application, and ability to reabsorb in vivo conditions and good biocompatibility allow producing biodegradable surgical implants of magnesium alloys, which can resorb in a human body without detriment to health. The materials for such demanding applications require detailed investigation of their properties, such as corrosion, including the kinetics of corrosion rate and staging of corrosion damage on the surface. To obtain a full view of the corrosion process, in addition to common ex-situ methods such as the corrosion rate evaluating using the weight loss method and the morphology corrosion damage investigation by optical or confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), it is important to use modern in-situ methods. In-situ methods allow obtaining data immediately during the experiment and not after its completion. The authors carried out a comprehensive study of the corrosion process of the commercial ZK60 and AZ31 magnesium alloys in the simulated human-body environment (temperature, corrosion media composition, circulation of corrosion media) using in-situ methods, including hydrogen evolution corrosion rate evaluating and video-observation of a sample surface. The results show that AZ31 alloy is more corrosion-resistant than ZK60 alloy. Moreover, AZ31 alloy is prone to filiform surface corrosion, and ZK60 alloy exhibits severe pitting corrosion. Based on the comparison of the data obtained by in-situ and ex-situ methods, the authors concluded on their main differences and features.

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Eksplorasi Keberadaan Tumbuhan Langka Lokal Bali di Kawasan Hutan Danau Buyan-Tamblingan dan Beberapa Desa di Kabupaten Buleleng Bali

JURNAL Al-AZHAR INDONESIA SERI SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI ◽

10.36722/sst.v2i4.161 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 253

Author(s):

Sutomo

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Botanical Garden ◽

Rare Plants ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Murraya Paniculata ◽

Interview Methods ◽

In The Wild

Abstrak – Semakin meningkatnya gangguan terhadap kawasan hutan mengakibatkan sebagian jenis tumbuhan menjadi terancam keberadaannya di alam. Kawasan Bedugul-Batukahu-Pancasari pun tak luput dari gangguan ini. Kebun Raya Bali sebagai lembaga konservasi ex-situ bergerak untuk mulai melakukan konservasi terhadap lima jenis tumbuhan langka lokal. Lima target tersebut adalah Majegau (Dysoxylum caulostachyum Miq.), Kaliasem (Eugenia polycephala Miq.), Rijasa (Elaeocarpus grandiflora J. E. Smith.), Kemoning (Murraya paniculata Jacq.), dan Tulak (Schefflera elliptica Harms.). Kegiatan eksplorasi di kawasan hutan Danau Buyan-Tamblingan dan beberapa desa di Kabupaten Buleleng Bali pun dilaksanakan untuk tujuan ini. Eksplorasi dilakukan dengan metode wawancara terbuka dengan penduduk lokal dan dengan metode jelajah untuk mendapatkan jenis tumbuhan yang dtargetkan baik di kawasan hutan maupun kawasan sekitar desa yang dikunjungi. Eksplorasi tumbuhan langka ini berhasil mengkoleksi sebanyak 22 nomor koleksi yang terdiri dari 14 suku, 18 marga dan 18 jenis dengan 3 gendub. Dari keseluruhan jenis yang ditargetkan, semua jenis berhasil didapatkan di dalam kegiatan ini. Abstract – Disturbance to forested lands had caused some plant species to become threatened of its existence in the wild. The Bedugul-Batukahu-Pancasari areas also experiencing various disturbances. Bali Botanical Garden as a conservation institution is conducting efforts to conserve targeted species which are in rare status according to IUCN and national criteria. Five plant species were chosen as targets in this expedition in Bali: Majegau (Dysoxylum caulostachyum Miq.), Kaliasem (Eugenia polycephala Miq.), Rijasa (Elaeocarpus grandiflora J. E. Smith.), Kemoning (Murraya paniculata Jacq.), and Tulak (Schefflera elliptica Harms.). This expedition was done using forest exploration and open interview methods to find the targeted species. All of the targeted species were found. We found and collected 22 plant specimens from 14 species and 8 families of locally useful rare plants. Keywords - Locally rare plants, Bali, Buleleng, Buyan-Tamblingan, Bali Botanical Garden.

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Achievements in the Domain of Geobotany and Forestry in the Last 70 Years

Journal of Botany ◽

10.52240/1857-2367.2020.2(21).2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol XII (2(21)) ◽

Author(s):

Gheorghe Postolache ◽

◽

Keyword(s):

Biological Sciences ◽

Plant Diversity ◽

In Situ Conservation ◽

Botanical Garden ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Marsh Vegetation ◽

Protected Natural Areas ◽

The Republic ◽

New Research

The achievements of the Geobotany and Forestry Laboratory over the 70 years of activity of “Alexandru Ciubotaru” National Botanical Garden (Institute) have been described. Brief information has been presented about institutional and editorial projects. Based on scientific research, the ways of formation and distribution of plant communities have been determined, new research methods, scientific concepts, recommendations and publications have been elaborated. For the in-situ conservation of plant diversity, research was conducted in protected natural areas of the Republic of Moldova. For the ex-situ conservation of plant diversity, in 1972, the Vegetation of Moldova Exhibition was created and it now includes 12 forest mini-exhibitions, a mini-exhibition with steppe vegetation, a mini-exhibition with meadow vegetation and a mini-exhibition with aquatic and marsh vegetation. Fourteen doctoral theses and 3 habilitation dissertations in biological sciences have been defended.

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Drosera in Ukraine: Ecological, сhorological specifics and phytosozonomical characteristics

Biosystems Diversity ◽

10.15421/011901 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 3-15

Author(s):

V. V. Konishchuk ◽

O. I. Skakalska

Keyword(s):

Nature Reserve ◽

Botanical Garden ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Phylogenetic Studies ◽

Drosera Rotundifolia ◽

New Locations ◽

Nature Park ◽

Data Book ◽

High Degree

The paper presents a chorologically systematized description of all taxa of the Drosera L. genus in Ukraine. We performed an analysis of environmental conditions, phytocoenotic characteristics and found new locations of sundew. We generalized the morphometric parameters and proposed a concept – “leaf roundness index”; and recommended including Drosera rotundifolia, Drosera x obovata in the next edition of the Red Data Book of Ukraine due to the contraction of their habitat and their high degree of vulnerability to unfavourable environmental factors and anthropogenic impact; we reccommend growing Drosera ex-situ on the example of Kremenets Botanical Garden with further repatriation in-situ; proved the efficiency of the proposed methods of farming cultivation. The paper substantiates the complex of phytosozological criteria, measures for protection and reproduction of the endangered species of Drosera genus. We suggested a hypothesis about the independence of the taxon of Drosera x obovata. Despite the fact that Drosera longifolia x D. rotundifolia is generally considered to be sterile hybrid, individuals breed vegetatively, are fertile and retain germinability after germination, and have a clearly specific ecotype, sometimes loci are isolated from parent species. To isolate the Drosera x obovata as a single taxon, additional phylogenetic studies are needed, but as a rare, disappearing taxon it needs protection and background monitoring of populations. The area of greatest phytosozological value for sundews in Ukraine is Western Polissia (Volyn, Rivne regions) (D. longifolia – 31, 20 sites, D. intermedia – 31 and 30 respectively). Drosera longifolia is on average distributed slightly further south in Ukraine than D. intermedia, although both taxa are confined to the humid, boreal zone. D. rotundifolia is most widespread in the humid zone (Polissia, the Carpathians). Despite the presence of Drosera x obovata in the Cheremskyi, Rivnenskyi Nature Reserve, Shatskyi National Nature Park, and several landscape reserves, the taxon is continuing to disappear due to succession, afforestation, water regime change etc.

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IDENTIFIKASI JENIS-JENIS TUMBUHAN SEBAGAI PAKAN KUSKUS (Phalangeridae) ASAL MALUKU DI TAMAN NASIONAL MANUSELA BAGIAN UTARA KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGAH

Jurnal Matematika Sains dan Teknologi ◽

10.33830/jmst.v20i1.82.2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 9-19

Author(s):

Sri Kurniati Handayani ◽

Rony Marsyal Kunda

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

National Park ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Native Habitat ◽

Young Leaves ◽

Trade Study ◽

Forest Plants ◽

Wild Life

Cuscus is a marsupials, nocturnal, prehensile tails, and included to the family of Phalangeridae. In Indonesia, Ailurops, Phalanger, Spilocuscus and Strigocuscus have limited distribution on Eastern Indonesia (Sulawesi, Maluku, Papua and Timor Island). In Indonesia cuscus are protected animals. This is due to the decline in population in its natural habitat due to deforestation, poaching and illegal wild life trade. Study is needed on the type of cuscus feed in native habitat base on the original character of vegetation in the hope of helping wild life conservation efforts in the future. The strategy of cuscus conservationin-situ and ex-situfrom native habitat will be more focused and effective if the potential information of plants as a food source can be known with certainty.The purpose of this study was to determine the types of plants as feed cuscus (Phalangeridae) from Maluku in the Northern part of Manusela National Park, Central Maluku district. The results showed 44 species of forest plants consumed by cuscus in Manusela National Park. The cuscus from Maluku consume young leaves from 29 species plants (66%), fruit from 26 species plants (59%), flowers from 4 species plants (9%), shoots from 3 species (7%) of plants. Eight plant species (18%) are consumed its fruit and young leaves, two plant species (5%) are consumed its fruit and flowers, one plant species (2%), consumed its fruit and shoots, and two plant species ( 5%) are consumed its young leaves, flowers, and fruit. Palatability of the cuscus showed that each cuscus choos 43 species of plants (98%) as a food, P. orientalis and P.Urinusdid not choose Syzygium aqueum while S. maculatus, and P. vestitus did not choose Flacourtia inemis as resources feed. Kuskus adalah hewan berkantung (marsupial), aktif di malam hari (nocturnal), berekor panjang yang kuat (prehensile), dan masuk dalam famili Phalangeridae. Di Indonesia, kuskus dari anggota genus Ailurops, Phalanger, Spilocuscus, dan Strigocuscus menyebar terbatas hanya di Indonesia Bagian Timur (Sulawesi, Maluku, Papua, dan Pulau Timor). Di Indonesia, kukus termasuk dalam hewan yang dilindungi. Dibutuhkan studi untuk mengidentifikasi jenis pakan kuskus pada habitat alami yang diharapkan dapat membantu usaha konservasi satwa ini di masa mendatang. Strategi konservasi kuskus secara in-situ maupun ex-situ berdasarkan asal habitat akan lebih terarah dan berhasil guna apabila informasi potensi tumbuhan sebagai sumber pakan dapat diketahui dengan pasti. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis tumbuhan sebagai pakan kuskus (Phalangeridae) asal Maluku di Taman Nasional Manusela bagian Utara, Kabupaten Maluku Tengah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, ditemukan 44 spesies tumbuhan hutan yang dikonsumsi kuskus di Taman Nasional Manusela. Dari hasil penelitian terlihat bahwa kuskus asal Maluku pada umumnya mengonsumsi bagian tumbuhan yang masih muda berupa daun muda 29 spesies (66%), buah 26 spesies (59%), bunga 4 spesies (9%), dan tunas 3 spesies (6%). Delapan spesies tumbuhan (18%) dengan komposisi buah dan daun muda paling disukai kuskus, dua spesies tumbuhan (5%) dengan komposisi buah dan bunga, satu jenis tumbuhan (2%), dengan komposisi buah dan tunas muda, serta dua spesies tumbuhan (5%) dengan komposisi daun muda, bunga, dan buah. Palatabilitas pada kuskus menunjukkan bahwa setiap genus kuskus memilih 43 spesies tumbuhan (98%) sebagai sumber pakan, P.orientalis dan P. Urinus tidak memilih Syzygium aqueum sedangkan S. maculatus, dan P. vestitus tidak memilih Flacourtia inemis sebagai sumber pakan.

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