scholarly journals Monitoring a commercial vineyard in New Zealand to maintain soil health and achieve long-term sustainability

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 01019
Author(s):  
Robert E White ◽  
Daniel Watson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Pinot Noir ◽  
Available P ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil P

This paper illustrates the benefits of long-term monitoring of soil and vine health in Craggy Range’s Te Muna vineyard in the Martinborough region of New Zealand. The soils at Te Muna are formed on two river terraces. The higher and older terrace, planted to Pinot Noir, is very gravelly; the lower and younger terrace, planted to Sauvignon Blanc, contains more silt and very fine sand. Both terraces are freely drained. Soil pH, organic C and available P were monitored in selected blocks on both terraces. Under current management that includes cover crops and sheep grazing in winter, soil organic C has been stable for 10 years. Because of the regular application of RPR and intermittent liming, soil pH (water) has risen from c.5.5 to 6.5–7. Values for soil available P, measured by Olsen bicarbonate and Mehlich-3 extractions, diverged over time. The Olsen test indicated satisfactory P levels: conversely, the Mehlich test showed P values rising to very high levels, confirming Western Australian experience that this acid extraction is unsuitable for soils treated with RPR. Petiole and leaf blade P concentrations confirmed these results, but they showed greater interannual variation than the soil P measurements. Overall, the long-term sustainability of the vineyard should be assured.

scholarly journals Spatial variation features description of soil available P, K, Mg and soil pH by proportional effect

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Brodský ◽  
J. Száková ◽  
M. Bazalová ◽  
V. Penížek
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Available P ◽  
Relationship Strength ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Field Fluctuations ◽  
Proportional Effect ◽  
The Relationship

This paper investigates the proportional effect of selected soil properties – low spatial variation changes are related to their local magnitudes (here standard deviation vs. mean). Content of available P, K, and Mg, and soil pH were analysed on nine agricultural fields of the Xzech Republic. Firstly, strong direct within-field proportional effect based on Moving Window Statistics (MWS) was found for soil P and K, while Mg did not exhibit any clear proportionality. Soil pH showed indication of inverse proportional effect with high field-to-field fluctuations. The relationship strength of the effect was functionally related to the asymmetry (skewness) of distribution (r = 0.31 × skew 0.08). Secondly, between-field proportional effect of 9 surveyed fields, as a measure at different scale, showed generally parallel results with the MWS approach. Proportionality is therefore not scale dependent. However, slopes of linear relationships were different for the two scales. Finally, models for prediction of proportional variogram parameters were calculated. Correlation coefficients of relationship between semivariance parameters and mean proved that sill-nugget is more stable (r = 0.74 for P and 0.83 for K) than nugget (r = 0.30 for P and 0.53 for K).

scholarly journals Dinamika P Tersedia, pH, C-Organik dan Serapan P Nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) pada Berbagai Aras Bahan Organik dan Fosfat di Ultisols

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Any Kusumastuti
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Block Design ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Available P ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Pogostemon Cablin ◽  
Soil Available P ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Media

The experiment was conducted at field experiment of Lampung State Polytechnic from June up to November 2012, using complete randomized block design with factorial pattern, which consists of two factors, and three replications. The first factor is organic matter (POME) dosage, consists of three dosages (without POME, 25% POME with 75% soil, and 50% POME with 50% soil). The second factor is dosage of SP-36 Fertilizer (without SP-36, 1.8 g, 3.6 g, and 5.4 g SP-36 per polybag (plant) respectively. The study aims was to determine (1) The dynamics of soil available P, (2) The effect of the best POME dosage for pH, C-organic and P uptake, (3) The effect of the best SP-36 dosage for pH, C-organic and P uptake, (4) The interaction between dosages of POME and SP-36 on pH, C-organic and P uptake of plant. The observation consists of (a) Soil available P, (b) pH and C-organic (c) and P uptake of plant. The data was analysis with variance analysis, furthermore, if the result is significance, was continued with LSD test, but soil available P dynamics was presented in graphic form. The result showed that (a) Applications of POME and SP-36 increase the soil available P, (b) The media with 25% POME and 50% POME were gave the better result on pH, C-organic and P uptake by plant, (c) SP-36 fertilizer fertilizer at various doses has not been any impact on soil pH, organic-C and P uptake of plants (d) There is no interaction between POME and SP-36 fertilizer on soil pH, organic C and P uptake of plants Keywords : P Dynamics, P Uptake of Patchouli, Pogostemon cablin, ultisols

Depletion, accumulation and availability of soil phosphorus in the Askov long-term field experiment

Soil Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Musibau O. Azeez ◽  
Gitte Holton Rubæk ◽  
Ingeborg Frøsig Pedersen ◽  
Bent T. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Available P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
P Application ◽  
Plant Available P ◽  
Water Extractable

Soil phosphorus (P) reserves, built up over decades of intensive agriculture, may account for most of the crop P uptake, provided adequate supply of other plant nutrients. Whether crops grown on soils with reduced supply of other nutrients obtain similar use-efficiency of soil P reserves remains unclear. In treatments of the Askov Long-Term Experiment (initiated in 1894 on light sandy loam), we quantified changes in soil total P and in plant-available P (Olsen P, water extractable P and P offtake in wheat grains) when P-depleted soil started receiving P in rock phosphate and when P application to soil with moderate P levels ceased during 1997–2017. Additionally we studied treatments with soil kept unfertilised for >100 years and with soil first being P depleted and then exposed to surplus dressings of P, nitrogen (N) and potassium in cattle manure. For soil kept unfertilised for >100 years, average grain P offtake was 6 kg ha–1 and Olsen P averaged 4.6 mg kg–1, representing the lower asymptotic level of plant-available P. Adding igneous rock phosphate to severely P-depleted soil with no N fertilisation had little effect on Olsen P, water extractable P (Pw), grain yields and P offtake. For soils with moderate levels of available P, withholding P application for 20 years reduced contents of Olsen P by 56% (from 16 to 7 mg P kg–1) and of Pw by 63% (from 4.5 to 1.7 mg P kg–1). However, the level of plant-available P was still above that of unfertilised soil. Application of animal manure to P-depleted soil gradually raised soil P availability, grain yield and P offtake, but it took 20 years to restore levels of plant-available P. Our study suggests symmetry between rates of depletion and accumulation of plant-available P in soil.

Trends in key soil parameters under conservation agriculture-based sustainable intensification farming practices in the Eastern Ganga Alluvial Plains

Soil Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 883 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Sinha ◽  
A. Ghosh ◽  
T. Dhar ◽  
P. M. Bhattacharya ◽  
B. Mitra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Sustainable Intensification ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Soil Organic C ◽  
Organic C

Key soil parameters, organic matter, soil pH and plant nutrients determine the capacity of a soil to sustain plant and animal productivity. Conservation agriculture (CA) and crop diversification or intensification may change these soil parameters positively or negatively, which eventually affect long-term sustainability. We monitored these key soil properties (at depths of 0–15 and 15–30 cm) under CA-based sustainable intensification practices: zero-till (ZT), and crop residue retention, and crop rotations on Inceptisols and Entisols in the Eastern Ganga Alluvial Plains from 2014 to 2017. The rainfall of this sub-tropical region is 1273–3201 mm. Soil organic carbon (C) ranged within 0.46–1.13% and generally followed (positive) rainfall gradients. At all sites, the soil under ZT tended to have higher organic C than conventional tillage (CT). Soil pHH2O ranged within 5.7–7.8 across the region. At all sites, soil pH generally decreased under ZT compared to CT. This was most marked at some acidic soil sites where pH decreased by up to 0.4 units; the lower the initial soil pH, the higher was the decrease in pH under ZT practice. In contrast, the reverse trend was observed for soil organic C. Partial nutrient balances for N, P and K in rice–wheat and rice–maize systems were positive for N and P (<50 kg ha–1) but negative for K (up to 90 kg ha–1) under both tillage practices; more so under ZT practice even though crop residues were retained. Changes under ZT provide an opportunity to maintain soil organic C. However, remediation measures such as liming and efficient use of fertilisers are required for long-term sustainability of the farming systems in this agriculturally important region of South Asia.

scholarly journals Revealing soil legacy phosphorus to promote sustainable agriculture in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo S. Pavinato ◽  
Maurício R. Cherubin ◽  
Amin Soltangheisi ◽  
Gustavo C. Rocha ◽  
Dave R. Chadwick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Soil Legacy

Abstract Exploiting native soil phosphorus (P) and the large reservoirs of residual P accumulated over decades of cultivation, namely “legacy P”, has great potential to overcome the high demand of P fertilisers in Brazilian cropping systems. Long-term field experiments have shown that a large proportion (> 70%) of the surplus P added via fertilisers remains in the soil, mainly in forms not readily available to crops. An important issue is if the amount of legacy P mobilized from soil is sufficient for the crop nutritional demand and over how long this stored soil P can be effectively ‘mined’ by crops in a profitable way. Here we mapped the spatial–temporal distribution of legacy P over the past 50 years, and discussed possible agricultural practices that could increase soil legacy P usage by plants in Brazil. Mineral fertiliser and manure applications have resulted in ~ 33.4 Tg of legacy P accumulated in the agricultural soils from 1967 to 2016, with a current annual surplus rate of 1.6 Tg. Following this same rate, soil legacy P may reach up to 106.5 Tg by 2050. Agricultural management practices to enhance soil legacy P usage by crops includes increasing soil pH by liming, crop rotation, double-cropping, inter-season cover crops, no-tillage system and use of modern fertilisers, in addition to more efficient crop varieties and inoculation with P solubilising microorganisms. The adoption of these practices could increase the use efficiency of P, substantially reducing the new input of fertilisers and thus save up to 31.8 Tg of P fertiliser use (US$ 20.8 billion) in the coming decades. Therefore, exploring soil legacy P is imperative to reduce the demand for mineral fertilisers while promoting long-term P sustainability in Brazil.

Soil pH, extractable phosphorus, and exchangeable cations as affected by rates of fertiliser nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium applied over several years to Valencia orange trees

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 419 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Sarooshi ◽  
RG Weir ◽  
IM Barchia
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Exchangeable Cations ◽  
Available P ◽  
Sodic Soils ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Valencia Orange ◽  
Orange Trees

The long-term, annual application of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) to the drip area of Valencia orange trees growing in a Tiltao sandy loam soil in the Sunraysia district of the lower Murray was investigated for its effect on soil pH, Bray 1 extractable soil P, and exchangeable cations calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), K, sodium (Na), and aluminium (Al) at 5 soil depths.Nitrogen (applied as ammonium nitrate) generally lowered soil pH to a depth of 30 cm, the effect increasing with rate of applied N. At 20 cm depth, the highest rate of applied N (450 kg/ha) reduced soil pH from 7.6 to 3.9, while 150 kg N/ha resulted in a soil pH of 5.0. Consequently, levels of exchangeable Ca, Mg, K, and Na in the soil were lower. There was a strong negative correlation between soil A1 and soil pH. At soil depths of 10-30 cm, the highest rate of applied N resulted in high levels (>20%) of exchangeable A1 as a proportion of the effective cation exchange capacity (CEC). Available soil P increased with rate of applied P, but the effect decreased with depth. Significantly (P<0.05) increased levels of available P were found to 30 cm depth when P was applied at 30 and 90 kg/ha, and to 60 cm depth at 180 kg P/ha. At 180 kg P/ha, Ca from superphosphate decreased Mg to 60 cm depth. Soil K levels were higher with increased rate of applied K and increased soil depth. The highest rate of applied K (360 kg/ha) depressed available P to 90 cm depth. Exchangeable Mg, K and Na percentages of the CEC in most treatments and at most soil depths were above the desirable range. Soil Na levels for some treatments and depths approached the level for sodic soils.

BURNING CROP RESIDUES: EFFECT ON SELECTED SOIL CHARACTERISTICS AND LONG-TERM WHEAT YIELDS

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. DORMAAR ◽  
U. J. PITTMAN ◽  
E. D. SPRATT
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Chelating Resin ◽  
Available P ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Water Stable Aggregates ◽  
Straw Burning

Soils from a long-term spring wheat — spring wheat — fallow crop rotation study at Lethbridge, Alberta, and two similar crop rotations at Indian Head, Saskatchewan, were analyzed for pH, organic C, total N, chelating resin-extractable C, polysaccharides, water-stable aggregates, NH4-N, NO3-N, and available P. Several agronomic practices, including straw burning, have been tested in the rotations. At Lethbridge, soil samples from the straw-burning treatment showed a decrease (P < 0.05) in soil polysaccharides and in the percentage of water-stable aggregates. At Indian Head, where straw was burned, organic C and polysaccharide content of all soils were decreased (P < 0.05), and NH4-N and available P were decreased (P < 0.05) in some soils. The other soil characteristics examined were not affected by burning of the previous crop residue or, as with available P, reacted differently at different sites. Long-term wheat yields tended to be greater in all experiments when straw was not burned. On the basis of the results obtained, burning of crop residues on a long-term basis must be discouraged.

Effects of Continuous Fertilizer Use on a Ferruginous Soil (Haplustalf) In Nigeria

1979 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Singh ◽  
V. Balasubramanian
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
Exchangeable Ca

SUMMARYIn a long-term fertility study it was observed that judicious use of chemical fertilizers maintained the levels of soil pH, total N, organic C, CEC and exchangeable Ca. Highest accumulation of exchangeable Ca and Mg was found in the 40–60 cm layer. Absence of Mg and K from the fertilizer schedule resulted in a decrease in the amounts of those elements in the soil. Profile CEC and exchangeable Ca were not affected much by the application of K or trace elements. Compared with adjacent grass fallow or virgin bush land, only the values of C/N ratio, CEC and exchangeable Mg decreased on cultivation. All the crops responded well to fertility levels but not to K; trace element response was confined to cotton and groundnut.

scholarly journals Effectiveness Of Soil Conservation To Erosion Control On Several Land Use Types

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halus Satriawan ◽  
Erwin Masrul Harahap ◽  
Abubakar Karim ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Available P ◽  
Direct Evaluation ◽  
Available N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Exchangeable K

Abstract The erosion plot method for direct evaluation in agriculture became necessary to (1) quantify soil erosion on cocoa, areca and oil palm, (2) determine the most effective soil conservation, and (3) calculate nutrient content in sediment. The experiment was treated with three conservation practices and the conventional treatment as control in a completely randomised block design. The results showed for the areca land use, that soil conservation with ridges + maize produced the lowest erosion (1.68 t/ha). For cocoa land use, the ridges + groundnut treatment produced the lowest erosion (8.2 t/ha). For oil palm land use, the cover crop of Mucuna bracteata had lowest erosion yield (12.2 t/ha). Soil conservation techniques significantly affected the levels of organic C and available P under the cocoa land use, where ridges + maize have the lowest content of organic C and available P in soil sediment (1.03% and 0.69 ppm). Soil conservation at areca land use also has a significant effect on the levels of organic C and available N, but it did not affect significantly the levels of available P and exchangeable K sediments, where ridges + groundnut have lowest organic C and available N in sediment (1.4% and 0.18%). Furthermore, soil conservation on the land use of oil palm showed a significant effect on the levels of available P, but did not significantly affect the levels of organic C, available N and exchangeable K sediments. Soil conservation with cover crops Mucuna bracteata showed the lowest available P in sediments (0.86 ppm).

Soil degradation under cropping and its influence on wheat yield on a weakly structured New Zealand silt loam

Soil Research ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 291 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Francis ◽  
F. J. Tabley ◽  
K. M. White
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
N Fertility

Results from the first phase of a long-term experiment showed that, after 6 years under pasture, several soil quality attributes had improved compared with soil cropped annually. The objectives of this study were to quantify the effects of pasture-induced increases in structural stability and organic matter (N fertility) on wheat grown in 3 successive seasons following pasture cultivation. Growing winter wheat after the ploughing of land that had previously grown perennial grass resulted in gradual reductions in soil organic C and total N. Reductions in soil microbial biomass C and earthworm populations were much more rapid. Soil aggregate stability declined rapidly in the first year after ploughing, but more slowly after that. Soil macroporosity increased after ploughing, mainly due to the relief of compaction caused by sheep treading during grazing. The contrasting soil conditions that existed at the end of the first experimental phase significantly affected the harvest yield of the first and second wheat crops, with yields 2—3 t/ha greater after perennial grasses than after annual crops. Variations in harvest yield and N uptake were explained by differences in soil N fertility and soil structural conditions. Treatment effects on yield were not detected in the third wheat crop. For the structural condition and N fertility of this soil, the extent of improvement during 3 years under perennial pasture was similar to the extent of decline under 3 years of cropping. This suggests that similar lengths of pastoral and arable cropping are needed in crop rotations for the long-term maintenance of these properties in weakly structured silt loam soils in New Zealand.

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