scholarly journals The use of various species of fungi in biofiltration of air contaminated with odorous volatile organic compounds

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 00021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Gospodarek ◽  
Piotr Rybarczyk ◽  
Anna Brillowska-Dąbrowska ◽  
Jacek Gębicki
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Biotrickling Filters ◽  
Literature Overview ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Odorous Compounds ◽  
Selection Of Microorganisms ◽  
Selection Of

Air pollution with odorous compounds is a significant social and environmental problem. This paper presents biological deodorization methods. The attention is focused on the application of biotrickling filters for air deodorization. Principles of their operation are discussed, indicating the key role of the selection of microorganisms responsible for the degradation of odorous compounds. A literature overview of the used fungal species is presented and the advantages of using fungi in comparison with bacteria are indicated. The results of experimental studies on the n-butanol removal in biotrickling filter are presented.

scholarly journals Optimal Criteria for the Selection of Probiotics, Based on their Mode of Action

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 60-69
Author(s):  
R. Szabóová
Keyword(s):  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Probiotic Properties ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Selection Of Microorganisms ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The objective of this review was to discuss some of the criteria which influence the selection of microorganisms with probiotic properties based on their mode of action. The most common bacteria that belong to the “group” probiotics are the Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species/strains. Probiotics have benefits and effects by their mechanism of action in different axial locations such as: producing substances, influencing immune function and response, modification as well as maintenance of a healthy population of microorganisms in the intestinal environment. Probiotics have demonstrated significant potential as therapeutic options for a variety of diseases Potential peripheral pathways that link probiotic ingestion in the brain function are focused on the role of the vagal afferent nerve signalling and changes in the cerebral levels of neuromodulators. The application of probiotic microorganisms represents a way to effectively influence the composition of the intestinal microbiome and the immune system of the host, as well as they can be considered as a suitable alternative to influence a healthy quality of life.

scholarly journals A template-based approach to the modification of binding properties of globular proteins I: Background and motivations.

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imadol V Jeff-Eke
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Binding Properties ◽  
Partial Explanation ◽  
Selection Theory ◽  
Structures And Properties ◽  
Instruction Theory ◽  
Theoretical Considerations ◽  
Selection Of

Design and production of polypeptide/proteins with desired bind site properties involves utilization of the ligand of interest in selection of those bind sites that yield the desired properties from an assortment bind sites with different structures and properties. Thus, as opposed to an “instructive” role and therefore involvement in determination of these bind site properties, the ligand instead functions in selection of bind sites with preexisting properties. Although there is consensus over this role for ligands, this was not always the case. A debate over the role of cognate ligands dominated discourse during the early- to mid- 20th century. On one hand were proponents of an instructive role (as a direct template), and on the other hand were those in support of “selective” role. Haurowitz and Pauling proposed a role for ligand in determination of bind site properties, whereas Jerne and Burnet proposed selection. Experimental studies and theoretical considerations in immunology –by Nossal and Tonegawa– and in enzymology –by Anfinsen and Haber– provided results in support of the selection theory. Thus, an acceptance of selection- over instruction theory. However, both the uniqueness of antibody production and polyclonality draw questions to the applicability of such generalization of selection theory to other non-immune proteins. It is based on these notions that we advocate reconsideration of the instruction (direct template) theory as [at least] a partial explanation of origins of ligand binding properties of peptide molecules. Such reconsiderations are especially relevant when considering some of the current challenges regarding optimization of catalytic rates of artificially engineered enzymes. In such cases, the instruction theory may stand as part of a solution. In addition, this may create an avenue for optimization of: antibody-based therapeutics; and quantitative and qualitative immunoassays; for all of which binding interactions is a crucial determinant of affinity, specificity as well as sensitivity of agent.

scholarly journals The role of volatile organic compounds in the polluted urban atmosphere of Bristol, UK

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 769-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Rivett ◽  
D. Martin ◽  
D. J. Gray ◽  
C. S. Price ◽  
G. Nickless ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Urban Atmosphere ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Urban Background ◽  
Background Site ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Urban Background Site ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract. The results of a field campaign carried out from early spring through to the late summer of 2000, in Bristol, England, are presented. Continuous measurements of over 40 hydrocarbons have been made at an urban background site, located at Bristol University, for approximately nine months using a GC-FID system and for a selection of halocarbons for approximately one month using a GC-ECD system. In this paper we present the time-series of the nine halocarbons and selected hydrocarbons. Daytime and night-time hydroxyl radical concentrations have been estimated based on the diurnal variations of a selection of the measured hydrocarbons. The average summer daytime concentration of OH was found to be 2.5×106 molecules cm−3 and the night-time concentration to be in the range 104 to 105 molecules cm−3. In addition, the role played by certain VOCs in the formation of ozone is assessed using the POCP (Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential) concept.

Explaining the effect on food selection of altering availability: two experimental studies on the role of prior preferences

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Pechey ◽  
Gareth J Hollands ◽  
Theresa Marteau
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Lower Energy ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Energy Options ◽  
Relative Preferences ◽  
Selection Of

Background: Increasing the availability of lower energy or plant-based foods increases their selection. The aim of the current set of studies was to examine the extent to which prior preferences account for food selections following availability interventions. In particular, (a) whether increasing the availability of lower energy options increases the likelihood that individuals’ pre-existing most-preferred option is lower energy, and (b) the extent to which selections reflect individuals’ most-preferred option from the available range.Methods: UK adults (Study 1: n=1976; Study 2: n=1078) took part in within-subjects online studies. First, relative preferences between food options were established by showing participants every possible pair of options from a pool of eight options (four higher energy and four lower energy). Participants chose the option from each pair that they would prefer to eat right now. Then, in two trials, participants chose between four options. In each trial, participants were shown either predominantly higher energy options (three higher and one lower energy) or predominantly lower energy options (vice versa), presented in a random order. Results: When predominantly lower energy options were presented, the odds of the most-preferred option being a lower energy option increased ten-fold (Study 1: odds ratio: 10.1; 95%CI: 8.9, 11.4; Study 2: odds ratio: 10.4; 95%CI: 7.4, 14.7), compared to when predominantly higher energy options were available. In both studies, around 90% of selections reflected the most-preferred option in the range offered in each of the availability conditions (range 88-92%).Conclusions: This set of studies suggests that prior preferences may be a key contributor to the effects of altering lower energy food availability on food selections. This may have implications for how availability interventions might be optimally implemented to ensure such interventions do not disproportionately fail to influence those for whom behaviour change is most beneficial.

scholarly journals A template-based approach to the modification of binding properties of globular proteins I: Background and motivations.

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imadol V Jeff-Eke
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Binding Properties ◽  
Partial Explanation ◽  
Selection Theory ◽  
Structures And Properties ◽  
Instruction Theory ◽  
Theoretical Considerations ◽  
Selection Of

Design and production of polypeptide/proteins with desired bind site properties involves utilization of the ligand of interest in selection of those bind sites that yield the desired properties from an assortment bind sites with different structures and properties. Thus, as opposed to an “instructive” role and therefore involvement in determination of these bind site properties, the ligand instead functions in selection of bind sites with preexisting properties. Although there is consensus over this role for ligands, this was not always the case. A debate over the role of cognate ligands dominated discourse during the early- to mid- 20th century. On one hand were proponents of an instructive role (as a direct template), and on the other hand were those in support of “selective” role. Haurowitz and Pauling proposed a role for ligand in determination of bind site properties, whereas Jerne and Burnet proposed selection. Experimental studies and theoretical considerations in immunology –by Nossal and Tonegawa– and in enzymology –by Anfinsen and Haber– provided results in support of the selection theory. Thus, an acceptance of selection- over instruction theory. However, both the uniqueness of antibody production and polyclonality draw questions to the applicability of such generalization of selection theory to other non-immune proteins. It is based on these notions that we advocate reconsideration of the instruction (direct template) theory as [at least] a partial explanation of origins of ligand binding properties of peptide molecules. Such reconsiderations are especially relevant when considering some of the current challenges regarding optimization of catalytic rates of artificially engineered enzymes. In such cases, the instruction theory may stand as part of a solution. In addition, this may create an avenue for optimization of: antibody-based therapeutics; and quantitative and qualitative immunoassays; for all of which binding interactions is a crucial determinant of affinity, specificity as well as sensitivity of agent.

Faculty selection of textbooks: Key variables and the role of teaching experience

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aja Taitano ◽  
Bradley Smith ◽  
Cade Hulbert ◽  
Kristin Batten ◽  
Lalania Woodstrom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Experience ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
Faculty Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Posttransplant CMV infection and the role of immunosuppression (Sponsor: Novartis Pharma GmbH, Nürnberg)

2016 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Keyword(s):  
Lower Incidence ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Mtor Inhibitor ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Expert Meeting ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractImmunosuppression permits graft survival after transplantation and consequently a longer and better life. On the other hand, it increases the risk of infection, for instance with cytomegalovirus (CMV). However, the various available immunosuppressive therapies differ in this regard. One of the first clinical trials using de novo everolimus after kidney transplantation [1] already revealed a considerably lower incidence of CMV infection in the everolimus arms than in the mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) arm. This result was repeatedly confirmed in later studies [2–4]. Everolimus is now considered a substance with antiviral properties. This article is based on the expert meeting “Posttransplant CMV infection and the role of immunosuppression”. The expert panel called for a paradigm shift: In a CMV prevention strategy the targeted selection of the immunosuppressive therapy is also a key element. For patients with elevated risk of CMV, mTOR inhibitor-based immunosuppression is advantageous as it is associated with a significantly lower incidence of CMV events.

Energy Efficiency Analysis in ERA using NFL-BA Algorithm

2020 ◽  
pp. 340-348
Author(s):  
Palky Mehta ◽  
H. L. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Head ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Cluster Heads ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Energy Efficiency Analysis ◽  
Selection Of

In the current scenario of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), power consumption is the major issue associated with nodes in WSN. LEACH technique plays a vital role of clustering in WSN and reduces the energy usage effectively. But LEACH has its own limitation in order to search cluster head nodes which are randomly distributed over the network. In this paper, ERA-NFL- BA algorithm is being proposed for selects the cluster heads in WSN. This algorithm help in selection of cluster heads can freely transform from global search to local search. At the end, a comparison has been done with earlier researcher using protocol ERA-NFL, which clearly shown that proposed Algorithm is best suited and from comparison results that ERA-NFL-BA has given better performance.

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