scholarly journals Determination of extensibility for certain types of pretzels dough

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 03029
Author(s):  
Mariana Gabriela Munteanu ◽  
Gheorghe Voicu ◽  
Elena Mădălina Ştefan ◽  
Gabriel Alexandru Constantin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Deformation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Maximum Elongation ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Dough Extensibility ◽  
Processing Steps ◽  
Initial Geometry

Determination of pretzels dough is essential to analyse the technological process, the dough handling behaviour and properties of the finished product. In various processing steps such as kneading, dividing, shaping and baking the dough undergoes different mechanical deformation, including the extent, compression or shear. In the literature there are several methods for analysing these properties. These include empirical rheological methods, such as recording dough evolution during kneading, extensibility measurement or fundamental rheological methods. The study in this paper propose to investigate the behaviour of different types of test dough extensibility and make estimates of the values of the moment (time) and maximum force that wick dough is deformed to appearance of fracture. The maximum elongation of the dough wick is determined for the same values of its initial geometry as well as the other test parameters for two types of dough, one with a composition of 45% water, 10% oil and 45% flour, and another with a composition of 55% water, 10% oil and 35% flour. Preliminary results have found that a dough with more water has a greater tensile strength than the dough with the same amount of oil and less water.

scholarly journals Cholinesterase in different types of the muscle tissue during the early postmortem period for diagnosis of death coming

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
Lidiya Cherkashyna ◽  
Anton Shklyar ◽  
Roman Sukhonosov ◽  
Olha Miroshnikova ◽  
Lyudmyla Naguta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Postmortem Changes ◽  
Intercostal Muscles ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Improving Accuracy

The purpose of the research: consisted in study of postmortem regularities in the content of cholinesterasein different types of muscle tissue (MT) for improving accuracy of determination of the prescriptionof death coming PDC. Materials and methods: The activity/level of cholinesterase was determinedin homogenates of the myocardial (MMH), oesophageal (OMH), diaphragm (DMH) and intercostalmuscles (IMH)within the early PMP (3-13 hours after the coming of death) on 30 human corpses. MTwas sampled in conditions of postmortem biopsy with use of special instruments; MT homogenateswere prepared following the standard technique with subsequent determination of cholinesterase content in MT homogenates. Results and discussion: The analysis of postmortem changes in the content ofcholinesterase in MT depending upon PDC revealed that after 3 hours from the moment of death comingits highest content was in muscles of the oesophagus, the least one being in MT of the intercostal muscles(respectively, (2,717.1±37.1) and (883.5±6.2) U/g, р<0.001). Levels of cholinesterase content in MT ofthe myocardium and diaphragm were rather close, though they differed (respectively, (1,213.8±8.8) and(1,512.8±11.5) U/g, р<0.05), and occupied an intermediate place between the corresponding values of MTof the intercostal muscles and oesophagus.A common pattern for the content of cholinesterase in differenttypes of MT was characterized by a decrease of this content with an increase in PDC terms; besides, thedynamic lines of its changes, that we obtained, became basic ones for substantiating quantitative timedependencies and construction of relevant nomograms for forensic diagnosis of PDC by cholinesterase content in MT. Conclusions: It was proved that the content of cholinesterase in all MT homogenates,which we studied, changed regularly (and nonlinearly), but the initial and final levels of cholinesterasecontent differed depending upon the type of MT. Besides, the dynamics in changes of the content ofcholinesterase within the time period of 3÷13 hours from the moment of death coming differed uponthe type of MT too. Advantages of the technique consist in theintegrity of biochemical examinationof different types of MT and simplicity in interpretation of findings. The application of the nomogramtechnique for assessing PDC by cholinesterase content in MT makes it possible to improve the accuracyof diagnosis for terms of the coming of death up to 60 minutes. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(1) 2021 p.95-100

ICMSF Methods Studies. XI. Collaborative/Comparative Studies on Determination of Coliforms Using the Most Probable Number Procedure1

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 638-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. SILLIKER ◽  
D. A. GABIS ◽  
A. MAY
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Confidence Limit ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Collaborative Studies ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Confirmatory Tests

Results of two international collaborative studies on the MPN technique for determination of coliforms in foods are reported. Three methods involving use of different presumptive and confirmatory media were compared. Results of one collaborative study conducted among 15 laboratories using eight different types of inoculated foods showed differences among the laboratories as great as 3.3 log units. The greatest difference between confirmatory tests using different media was 0.5 log units. Results of the other collaborative study conducted among five laboratories using three types of naturally contaminated foods showed differences among the laboratories as great as 1.4 log units. The greatest difference between tests using different media was 0.2 log unit. Both studies showed that the 95% confidence limit for a single value reported by a given laboratory was ± 1 log unit or ± 0.45 log unit for a mean of five values. The second study showed that a major source of variation within laboratories was between replicate aliquots. The findings are discussed in terms of their significance with respect to the monitoring of microbiological specifications for food.

scholarly journals A comparison of shrinkage cracking between clay minerals by crack parameters using image analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (K4) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Nhat Dai Vo
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Clay Mineral ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Surface Cracks ◽  
Shrinkage Cracking ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Mineral Soils

Experiments have been conducted in laboratory to present a comparison of shrinkage cracking based on an observation and a quantitative determination of crack parameters. Photographs of surface cracks for three different types of clay mineral belonging to different groups – Bentonite, Kaolinite and Illite – are processed using image analysis. Each of soil types is tested with four sample thicknesses ranging from 5 to 20 mm at an interval of 5 mm. The measurements of crack parameters for clay mineral soils show that area and width of cracks in case of Bentonite are much larger than those while length of cracks appears to be slightly less than that in other cases. Number of cracks in case of Bentonite are smaller than those in cases of Kaolinite and Illite. Additionally, compared with Illite, area, length and width of cracks in case of Kaolinite are slightly larger while the other crack parameters seem to be same.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF THE BALLISTIC CHARACTERISTICS AND THE DAMAGING PROPERTIES OF SELF-MADE LOADING CARTRIDGES OF 7.62*39 CALIBER

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 227-236
Author(s):  
O. V. Kolomiytsev ◽  
V. V. Sapielkin
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
Biological Object ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Forensic Ballistics ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Drag Factor ◽  
Rifle Bullets

In practice of forensic medicine and forensic ballistics there are quite often the cases of different types ofgunshot wounds infliction by atypical damaging elements which were used in illegal independent loading of cartridges to the rifle weapon. The purpose of the researches being performed - studying on a concrete example from criminalistics practice of damaging properties of 7.62 mm rifle bullets of type FMJBT (Full Metal Jacketed Boat Tail) which were used for loading by self-made way cartridges of 7.62 * 39 caliber. Originally, during natural tests in the conditions of a ballistic track the ballistic characteristics of the shot bullets and the value of their ballistic coefficient were established. At the following stage of researches the losses of kinetic energy of rifle bullets on punching blocks of ballistic plasticine with the thickness of 100-140 mm were determined. As a result of tests the character of formation of the damage channel in the thickness of biological tissues simulator is established at the stable and unstable movement of the bullets in the visco elastic medium. Besides, during the researches the values of the parameters necessary for calculations ofpenetration depth of the bullets into a fabric of biological object depending on their speed at the moment of hit in the target, were determined. In particular it was established that at unstable movement of an investigated bullet in thickness of the simulator the value of boundary speed amounts 138.1 m/s, and the value of the medium drag factor - 1.782. Using estimated values offlight speed of the bullets in the trajectory the values of depth wound channels in biological tissues were calculated and the conclusion was drawn on the guaranteed causing of penetrating wounds in all established distances of shooting. Thus, use of the methodfor estimation of damaging properties of investigated bullets, the criterion of which is the length of the wound channel and its boundary value was obviously demonstrated.

scholarly journals What is empathy: cognitive concepts and models

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
M.Yu. Ermolova
Keyword(s):  
Biological Systems ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Moment

Empathy is a complex and diverse indispensable mechanism in human interaction. It enables co-feel and mentally model what another person feels at the moment. For better understanding, empathy can be thought of as the ability to feel the consequences of some experience, not feeling it in reality, but just watching. The main consequences of this mechanism are our ability to imitate and understand the other person. The first helps in development and learning, and the second is indispensable in communication with other people. Studies of empathy are segmental and not well coordinated. Existing works offer different types and typology of systems of empathy. Yet, bringing new insights into certain areas, they do not create an integral picture. What are the available types&amp; Are they simple analytically different ways of consideration of one system or are they different neuro-biological systems? If they are different systems, what is the extent to which they are linked and whether they form integral super-system? This article tries to answer these questions.

Determination of the suitable shape for tensile tests parallel to the fibers in Guadua angustifolia Kunth specimens

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 3214-3223
Author(s):  
Ricardo Acosta ◽  
Jorge A. Montoya ◽  
Johannes Welling
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Tension Test ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fiber Direction ◽  
Test Pieces ◽  
Tension Tests ◽  
Dog Bone ◽  
Different Types

The tension test parallel-to-fiber in anisotropic materials, such as bamboo, is one of the most important tests because it makes it possible to evaluate mechanical properties used in calculations for different types of stresses. For this type of test there are standards that apply to wood in general, others to bamboo, and other more specific ones that apply to bamboo Guadua angustifolia Kunth. These rules suggest the use of dog bone test specimens. When performing such tests parallel to the fiber direction, failures are observed in undesired zones. This document characterizes and analyzes the possible types of failures. It also evidences the difficulties presented and quantifies them finding that, for 59 failed test pieces, only 18.6% had failures within the desired zones, while the other 81.4% had failures within undesired zones in the tension test parallel to the fiber. Finally, it can be concluded that there are gaps in the rules that influence the variation of the results obtained by different authors. The dog bone test specimens are not recommended for tension tests parallel to the Guadua fiber. Rather, utilization of straight specimens is recommended with a calculated clamping height and the standard equation and protected clamping area.

scholarly journals On the Errors Involved in the Determination of Cooling Powers and Air Velocities with a Kata-Thermometer

1935 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. J. Cockerell
Keyword(s):  
Hot Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Experimental Comparison ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Different Types

During the experimental comparison of different types of hot-water heating systems in a school at Easter 1934 about a thousand kata readings were taken. These were taken mostly in pairs, one immediately after the other, and a third reading was taken only when the first two differed by more than about 10 per cent.

scholarly journals Determination of the drag coefficient by analysing the trajectory of a football

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 92-103
Author(s):  
Gábor Pszota
Keyword(s):  
Drag Coefficient ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Free Software ◽  
The Other ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Projectile Motion ◽  
Video Footage ◽  
Order Polynomial ◽  
Different Types

Two different types of motion were analysed based on video footage using the free software tool named Tracker. One of them involved dropping the football vertically without any spin, the other type was the projectile motion resulted from a goalie punt. The analysis consisted of fitting the time dependence of the coordinates using a sixth order polynomial, then using these functions and other parameters to obtain the drag coefficient as a function of speed and Reynolds number. Similarly to previous works, the drag coefficient showed large differences for the different speeds. The irregularities and asymmetry of the ball also caused the results to be different for the different trials depending on the orientation of the ball, as well as the slight horizontal spin of the ball during its projectile motion. This method can prove to be a useful tool for further studies in a more controlled environment with higher quality new balls.

scholarly journals Combining the Two-Layers PageRank Approach with the APA Centrality in Networks with Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taras Agryzkov ◽  
Francisco Pedroche ◽  
Leandro Tortosa ◽  
José Vicent
Keyword(s):  
Complex Networks ◽  
The Other ◽  
Urban Network ◽  
Pagerank Algorithm ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The One ◽  
Pagerank Centrality

Identifying the influential nodes in complex networks is a fundamental and practical topic at the moment. In this paper, a new centrality measure for complex networks is proposed based on two contrasting models that have their common origin in the well-known PageRank centrality. On the one hand, the essence of the model proposed is taken from the Adapted PageRank Algorithm (APA) centrality, whose main characteristic is that constitutes a measure to establish a ranking of nodes considering the importance of some dataset associated to the network. On the other hand, a technique known as two-layers PageRank approach is applied to this model. This technique focuses on the idea that the PageRank centrality can be understood as a two-layer network, the topological and teleportation layers, respectively. The main point of the proposed centrality is that it combines the APA centrality with the idea of two-layers; however, the difference now is that the teleportation layer is replaced by a layer that collects the data present in the network. This combination gives rise to a new algorithm for ranking the nodes according to their importance. Subsequently, the coherence of the new measure is demonstrated by calculating the correlation and the quantitative differences of both centralities (APA and the new centrality). A detailed study of the differences of both centralities, taking different types of networks, is performed. A real urban network with data randomly generated is evaluated as well as the well-known Zachary’s karate club network. Some numerical results are carried out by varying the values of the α parameter—known as dumping factor in PageRank model—that varies the importance given to the two layers (topology and data) within the computation of the new centrality. The proposed algorithm takes the best characteristics of the models on which it is based: on the one hand, it is a measure of centrality, in complex networks with data, whose calculation is stable numerically and, on the other hand, it is able to separate the topological properties of the network and the influence of the data.

scholarly journals Methods used to determine the zeta potential of colloids in wastewater

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhonny Valverde Flores
Keyword(s):  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Operational Procedure ◽  
Flow Potential ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Electrophoresis Method ◽  
Vital Element

Water is the vital element in the daily life of man and the value of his treatment is to look for the sustainability of the planet and to preserve human life. The study is descriptive and comparative. The objective was to propose the most appropriate method for the zeta potential determination of colloids in wastewater. The operational procedure requires the knowledge of more related parameters, which implies greater analysis and therefore greater economic investment. The methods described are: Electrophoresis, Electroosmosis, Flow potential and sedimentation potential. Of the four methods for the determination of zeta potential in wastewater it is concluded that the electrophoresis method is the most used until now, which is used in different areas in greater or lesser scale, as in the application of solutions with different types of pollutant, unlike the other methods mentioned above. The electrophoresis has varied designs in such a way that it can be built manually and be applicable from small experiments with more accessible and easy-to-get materials, allowing to vary the construction investment of the equipment according to the scale of the work in which it is to be applied this method.

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