scholarly journals Carbon Footprint from Settlement Activities: A Literature Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
Agus Purwanto ◽  
Syafrudin Syafrudin ◽  
Sunarsih Sunarsih
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Household Energy ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
Electricity Use ◽  
Transportation Sector

One of the causes of increasing greenhouse gases is the increase in CO2 emissions produced from both the industrial sector, transportation sector, and settlement sector. The settlement sector also contributes to CO2 emissions based on household activities. Research on carbon footprint from settlement activities is currently focusing on carbon footprints from household energy use both electricity and heat energy for cooking and have not taken into account the activities of vehicle fuel use, domestic waste, and water consumption. This paper aims to conduct a literature study on matters relating to the method of estimating the carbon footprint of settlement activities and influencing variables. The results of this study are a framework for estimating the more comprehensive carbon footprint of housing activities by adding private vehicle fuel consumption, waste generation, and water consumption in addition to the use of fuel for cooking and electricity use.

scholarly journals Creation of Zero CO2 Emission Plants Due to Energy Use: A Case Study in Crete, Greece

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
John Vourdoubas
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Tree Plantation ◽  
Electricity Use ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic System

Creation of zero CO2 emission enterprises due to energy use in Crete, Greece has been examined with reference to an orange juice producing plant (Viochym). Energy intensity at Viochym has been estimated at 1.66 KWh per € of annual sales. Oil used for heat generation has been replaced with solid biomass produced locally in Crete and resulting in zero CO2 emissions due to the use of heat. Offsetting CO2 emissions due to grid electricity use has been proposed with two options. The first includes the installation of a solar photovoltaic system with nominal power of 417 KWp, according to net metering regulations, generating annually 625 MWh equal to annual grid electricity consumption in the plant. Its capital cost has been estimated at 0.5 mil € which corresponds to 1.07 € per kg of CO2 saved annually.The second option includes the creation of a tree plantation in an area of 107 hectare resulting in carbon sequestration equal to carbon emissions in the plant due to electricity use. Both options for offsetting CO2 emissions in Viochym have various advantages and drawbacks and they are considered realistic and feasible, resulting in the elimination of its carbon emissions due to energy use. Improvement of the energy intensity of various processes in Viochym could result in lower CO2 emissions and smaller sizing of the required renewable energy systems for eliminating them.

scholarly journals Towards understanding the determinants of household energy use: exploring the role of individual, household, social, and physical characteristics on household electricity and gas use

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Runa Das
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Household Energy ◽  
Household Characteristics ◽  
Electricity Use ◽  
Household Energy Use ◽  
Energy Literacy

This research is an investigation of people and their relationship with energy. This dissertation first presents an analysis of national surveys: Statistics Canada‘s 2013 Households and the Environment Survey and the 2013 Energy Use Supplement. These surveys were used to investigate the relationships between dwelling characteristics, household characteristics, electricity use, and natural gas use. Approximately 20% of the variance in overall energy use was explained by dwelling and household characteristics, leaving a large portion of the variance unaccounted for. It was also found that household characteristics have more impact on electricity use than natural gas use. In contrast, dwelling characteristics have more impact on natural gas use than on electricity use. In order to better gauge the unexplained variation in household energy use, an instrument was developed to measure public energy literacy, which was conceptualized using previous surveys as well as frameworks and models from academic and grey literature, as well as literacy and educational initiatives and programs. Such conceptualization created the parameters within which survey items could be developed, created, and therefore generated. Instrument development included pretesting, cognitive interviews, and quantitative and qualitative analysis of instrument items. The resulting survey is a 15-item, 5-item, and 9-item measure of energy-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours, respectively. Energy literacy, along with environmental concern, was assessed among a sample of Toronto homeowners. In general, participants demonstrated environmental concern, positive attitudes, performed energy-saving behaviours and demonstrated satisfactory understanding of energy-related knowledge (i.e., average score of 66 percent). Interesting relationships were found between the measures of energy literacy as well as some additional measures of knowledge and behaviour, suggesting that examination of energy use should be broken down into smaller examinable components, such as curtailment and efficiency behaviours. The attitudinal and behavioural subscales belonging to the measure of energy literacy added to the explanation of household energy use in the Toronto sample: for electricity 11% of the variation was explained and 4% for natural gas. Surveys and examination of household energy use need to therefore consider examining energy literacy variables in addition to socio-demographics and dwelling characteristics.

scholarly journals Counting Carbon: The Politics of Carbon Footprints and Climate Governance from the Individual to the Global

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Morton Turner
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Science Studies ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Climate Governance ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Electricity Use ◽  
Conceptual Shift ◽  
Governmentality Studies ◽  
The Individual

This article considers carbon footprints as a form of climate governance. Drawing on science studies to consider the contingent nature of calculative devices and governmentality studies to examine the intrinsic relationship between how problems are framed and remedied, this article advances two arguments. First, it argues that efforts to define and deploy carbon footprints contributed to a conceptual shift in emissions accounting, from a narrower metric focused on emissions from fossil fuel and electricity use—Carbon Footprint 1.0—to a more expansive metric that includes emissions embodied in consumption and trade—Carbon Footprint 2.0. Second, this article argues that these approaches to carbon footprints at the individual level have intersected with broader discussions about allocating emissions responsibilities and examining mitigation strategies at the national and international levels, offering alternative grounds for assigning responsibility for climate-change mitigation and expanding the range of policy options available for addressing emissions.

Estimating Residential Carbon Footprints for an American City

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 103-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew H. Connolly ◽  
Ronald R. Hagelman ◽  
Sven Fuhrmann
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
The United States ◽  
Emission Model ◽  
American City ◽  
Block Group ◽  
Household Energy ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
High Degree

The proliferation of online emission calculators and the growing popularity of carbon footprint assessments recently underscores an emerging interest among Americans in understanding their personal environmental impacts, especially in relation to greenhouse gas emissions. While studies have quantified carbon footprints at a variety of geographic scales using economic data, or a combination of economic and census data, few have produced results that were immediately useful for local-scale emission reduction efforts. The authors explore the feasibility of utilizing block group level census data to estimate the residential carbon footprint of an American city. A census-based emission model was adapted from the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s Individual Emission Calculator. Block group census data were used as surrogates for household energy consumption and transportation related carbon emissions. Although lacking some of the finer nuances of individual behavior assessments, this approach enables analysis of a continuous urban landscape with a relatively high degree of data resolution using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and standard desktop-software. The model output, paired with choropleth and dasymetric visualizations, illustrate that census data can be successfully adapted to estimate the residential carbon footprint for Austin, Texas, and by extension, any other American city with equivalent census data coverage.

scholarly journals Carbon Footprint of ADU Students: Reasons and Solutions

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Nida Qafisheh ◽  
Makhtar Sarr ◽  
Umm Amara Hussain ◽  
Shikha Awadh
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Environmental Sciences ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
The Public

The objective of the study was to calculate the carbon footprint of ADU students, studying environmental sciences and environmental health & safety and compared it with the average carbon footprint of UAE. Students’ activity, which contributed to the highest emissions of carbon dioxide per year, has been determined. The carbon footprints were calculated using the online carbon footprint calculator, which estimated the CO2 emissions of each student. The method resulted from different activities like consumption of gas and electricity, transportation, flights, food as well as other different activities are associated with individual’s life style. The average carbon footprint of Environmental ADU students after decreasing their emissions was 12.22 tons CO2/year, which was 68%, less than the average carbon footprint of UAE (37.8 tons/year). The public transportation, driving friendly cars, eating locally and living in a simply sustainable life style are great solutions to reduce an individual carbon footprint. 

scholarly journals RENCANA PENGELOLAAN GREEN BUILDING DENGAN PENDEKATAN BUILDING ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT (BEM)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 2181
Author(s):  
Regina Regina ◽  
Liong Ju Tjung ◽  
Priyendiswara A.B. Priyendiswara
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Tall Buildings ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Green Buildings ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Environment Management ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Building Environment

The concept of green building is now increasingly being applied in Indonesia, especially DKI Jakarta due to the increasing prevalence of global warming. Adapting to climate change and the increasing number of tall buildings in Indonesia, the GBCI (Green Building Council Indonesia) concluded that the biggest cause of energy use was due to the use of the building sector of around 48%, while the other 27% was in the transportation sector, then 25% in the industrial sector. GBCI applies certification in the form of "Greenship" as an assessment tool for buildings that are rated as Green Buildings. "Greenship" is prepared by GBCI by considering the conditions, nature, rules and standards that apply in Indonesia. The main focus of Green Building is energy efficiency, but what distinguishes "Greenship" from other rating tools are "Greenship" has a BEM category that focuses on managing the waste produced by buildings. The rating tool "Greenship" in Indonesia is quite balanced because in addition to focusing on energy efficiency, "Greenship" also pays attention to the comfort elements of its occupants, namely the Building Environmental Management category (BEM) where the comfort of buildings is one of the factors in the success of green buildings. In order for green building to be managed optimally, the author compiled a study of the criteria for BEM (Building Environment Management), with recommendations for waste and fit-out management in one of Green Building in Jakarta, South Quarter with a BEM achievement of 77%. The author composes the recommended budgetary costs for evaluating waste sorting and training, the author also conducted tenant perceptions surveys with cross tabulation and compare means method with the results that 77% of respondents agreed with the planning of sorting waste and providing training for residents of the building at the Green Building.the result that 77% of respondents agreed with planning waste sorting and providing training to building occupants in the Green Building.AbstrakKonsep bangunan hijau saat ini semakin banyak diimplementasikan di Indonesia khususnya DKI Jakarta karena semakin maraknya pemanasan global. Beradaptasi dengan perubahan iklim dan semakin banyaknya bangunan tinggi di Indonesia, GBCI (Green Building Council Indonesia) menyimpulkan bahwa penyebab terbesar dari penggunaan energi yaitu karena penggunaan pada sektor bangunan sekitar 48%, sedangkan 27% lainnya sektor transportasi, lalu 25% sektor industri. GBCI menerapkan sertifikasi berupa “Greenship” sebagaii alat penilai/penentu untuk sebuah bangunan dinilai sebagai Green Building. “Greenship” dipersiapkan oleh GBCI dengan mempertimbangkan kondisi, karakter alam serta peraturan dan standard yang berlaku di Indonesia. Fokus utama dari Green Building adalah efisiensi energi, namun yang membedakan “Greenship” dengan rating tools lainnya yaitu “Greenship” mempunyai kategori BEM yang berfokus kepada pengelolaan sampah yang dihasilkan oleh gedung. Rating tools berupa “Greenship” di Indonesia cukup seimbang karena selain berfokus pada efisiensi energi, “Greenship” juga memperhatikan unsur kenyamanan penghuninya yaitu dengan adanya kategori Manajemen Lingkungan Bangunan (BEM) dimana kenyamanan penghuni bangunan merupakan salah satu faktor keberhasilan dari green building. Agar suatu green building dapat dikelola secara maksimal, penulis menyusun penelitian pada kriteria BEM (Building Environment Management), dengan rekomendasi untuk pengelolaan sampah dan fit-out di salah satu Green Building di Jakarta yaitu South Quarter dengan pencapaian BEM sebesar 77%. Penulis menyusun biaya anggaran yang disarankan untuk evaluasi pemilahan sampah dan training, penulis juga melakukan survei persepsi tenant dengan metode tabulasi silang dan perbandingan nilai tengah dengan hasil bahwa 77% responden setuju dengan perencanaan pemilahan sampah dan pengadaan training untuk penghuni gedung di Green Building.

scholarly journals The Effect of Industrial Sector and Transportation Sector on CO2 Emissions In Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Izmi Dwi Maharani Poetri
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Positive Effect

<p><em>Environmental quality is an important aspect of life.</em><em> </em><em>This study aims to analyze the effect of industrial sector GDP and transportation sector GDP on environmental quality in terms of carbon dioxide emissions in Indonesia.</em><em> </em><em>This analysis uses multiple linear regression models with the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method.</em><em> </em><em>The results of the analysis show that the GDP of the Industrial Sector has no significant effect on CO2 emissions, while Transportation GDP has a significant and positive effect on CO2 emissions, this is supported by the Environmental Kuznet Curve (EKC) theory.</em><em></em></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em> : carbondioxyde emission, GDP of industry sector, GDP of transportation sector </em></p>

Analysis on Chongqing’s Carbon Balance Based on Carbon Footprints

2013 ◽  
Vol 734-737 ◽  
pp. 1813-1819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Ming Rao ◽  
Yong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Carbon Sinks ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
Balance Calculation ◽  
Carbon Neutral

Chongqing’s carbon balance based on carbon footprints is analyzed, which is defined CO2 emitted by human activities equal to CO2 absorbed by carbon sinks and carbon footprints elimination. On the basis of carbon balance calculation with indicators of measurement of CO2 emissions, conversion from CO2 to carbon footprint and rate of carbon neutral by CO2 sinks of forestation and greening, it is found that Chongqing’s carbon footprints grew from 5.0141 Mghas in 1997 to 10.2973 Mghas in 2009 with rate of about 6 per cent yearly, in which carbon footprints from fossil-fuels-combustion overwhelmingly increased from 50.3 per cent in 1997 to 79.48 per cent in 2009; and the gap exists in Chongqing’s carbon balance with being widen from 3.3271 Mghas in 1997 to 7.4133 Mghas in 2009, with enlargement rate of 1.809 per cent yearly.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document