scholarly journals Thermodynamic analysis of the Compressed Air Energy Storage system coupled with the Underground Thermal Energy Storage

2019 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 01023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafał Hyrzyński ◽  
Paweł Ziółkowski ◽  
Sylwia Gotzman ◽  
Bartosz Kraszewski ◽  
Janusz Badur
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Storage Facility ◽  
Underground Caverns

Improvement of flexibility is one of the key challenges for the transformation of the Polish Power System aiming at a high share of renewable energy in electricity generation. Flexible and dispatchable power plants will contribute to this ongoing transformation process as they compensate for fluctuations in electricity generation from renewable energy sources such as wind and photovoltaics. In this context, CAES storage tanks are currently the only alternative to storage facilities using pumped-storage hydroelectricity due to the possibility of obtaining the appropriate energy capacity of the storage facility. However, a relative disadvantage of these plants is the heat loss caused by the cooling of the air after compression. The basic elements of the CAES warehouse are: an air compression station, a compressed air reservoir that is also a storage facility (in the existing solutions, these are underground caverns), an expansion station with combustion chambers and gas turbines, and a generator. A key aspect of CAES is the optimal configuration of the thermodynamic cycle. In this paper, the situation of cooperation between the current conventional power plants and wind farms is first analysed, and then, based on thermodynamic models, the process of storing thermal and electrical energy in the CAES system coupled with heat recovery after the gas turbine is analysed. A solution with a ground heat exchanger was also proposed, as the soil, due to its properties, may serve as a thermal energy storage. The paper also analyzes the discharge of the heat storage based on CFD approaches. The ground can be charged during the cooling down of the compressed air. On the other hand, thermal energy was recovered when water flowing to the heat customers was heated. On the basis of non-stationary calculations, the heat stream received from the underground thermal energy storage was estimated.

Combined Cycle Gas Turbines With Electrically-Heated Thermal Energy Storage for Dispatchable Zero-Carbon Electricity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Stack ◽  
Charles Forsberg
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Low Carbon

Abstract A low-carbon world needs a replacement for natural gas-fired power to provide variable heat and electricity. The coupling of simple or combined cycle gas turbines (CCGTs) with advanced electrically-heated thermal energy storage (E-TES) systems is an alternative approach to energy storage with cost advantages over batteries or hydrogen production. CCGTs with E-TES may use stored low-value electricity to run the power cycle in place of fossil fuels. This (1) saves money for the power plants by allowing them to switch heat sources based on price, and (2) reduces carbon emissions by making use of otherwise curtailed renewable energy. The development of electrically conductive firebricks enables temperatures approaching 2000°C, hotter than existing E-TES options, sufficient to run CCGTs. Levelized cost of storage (LCOS) calculations show that the use of CCGTs with novel E-TES increases the cost of energy by less than a factor of 2, compared to a factor of 9 increase when using lithium-ion batteries. Unlike batteries, the CCGT with E-TES, provides assured generating capacity by normal operation of the gas turbine. A case study of CCGT coupled with E-TES is included based on 2019 electricity prices in Southern California, which showed an 18% reduction in fuel consumption and $11M savings based purely on the arbitrage case. The arbitrage case is expected to improve dramatically over the decade as deployment of renewable energy in California increases.

Thermal Design and Analysis of a Solid-State Grid-Tied Thermal Energy Storage for Hybrid Compressed Air Energy Storage Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khashayar Hakamian ◽  
Kevin R. Anderson ◽  
Maryam Shafahi ◽  
Reza Baghaei Lakeh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Thermal Design ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Compressed Air Energy Storage ◽  
New Variant

Power overgeneration by renewable sources combined with less dispatchable conventional power plants introduces the power grid to a new challenge, i.e., instability. The stability of the power grid requires constant balance between generation and demand. A well-known solution to power overgeneration is grid-scale energy storage. Compressed air energy storage (CAES) has been utilized for grid-scale energy storage for a few decades. However, conventional diabatic CAES systems are difficult and expensive to construct and maintain due to their high-pressure operating condition. Hybrid compressed air energy storage (HCAES) systems are introduced as a new variant of old CAES technology to reduce the cost of energy storage using compressed air. The HCAES system split the received power from the grid into two subsystems. A portion of the power is used to compress air, as done in conventional CAES systems. The rest of the electric power is converted to heat in a high-temperature thermal energy storage (TES) component using Joule heating. A computational approach was adopted to investigate the performance of the proposed TES system during a full charge/storage/discharge cycle. It was shown that the proposed design can be used to receive 200 kW of power from the grid for 6 h without overheating the resistive heaters. The discharge computations show that the proposed geometry of the TES, along with a control strategy for the flow rate, can provide a 74-kW microturbine of the HCAES with the minimum required temperature, i.e., 1144 K at 0.6 kg/s of air flow rate for 6 h.

Design of a Modular Solid-Based Thermal Energy Storage for a Hybrid Compressed Air Energy Storage System

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Baghaei Lakeh ◽  
Ian C. Villazana ◽  
Sammy Houssainy ◽  
Kevin R. Anderson ◽  
H. Pirouz Kavehpour
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Compressed Air Energy Storage

The share of renewable energy sources in the power grid is showing an increasing trend world-wide. Most of the renewable energy sources are intermittent and have generation peaks that do not correlate with peak demand. The stability of the power grid is highly dependent on the balance between power generation and demand. Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) systems have been utilized to receive and store the electrical energy from the grid during off-peak hours and play the role of an auxiliary power plant during peak hours. Using Thermal Energy Storage (TES) systems with CAES technology is shown to increase the efficiency and reduce the cost of generated power. In this study, a modular solid-based TES system is designed to store thermal energy converted from grid power. The TES system stores the energy in the form of internal energy of the storage medium up to 900 K. A three-dimensional computational study using commercial software (ANSYS Fluent) was completed to test the performance of the modular design of the TES. It was shown that solid-state TES, using conventional concrete and an array of circular fins with embedded heaters, can be used for storing heat for a high temperature hybrid CAES (HTH-CAES) system.

scholarly journals Self-Sufficiency and Energy Savings of Renewable Thermal Energy Systems for an Energy-Sharing Community

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4284
Author(s):  
Min-Hwi Kim ◽  
Youngsub An ◽  
Hong-Jin Joo ◽  
Dong-Won Lee ◽  
Jae-Ho Yun
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pumps ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Energy Sharing

Due to increased grid problems caused by renewable energy systems being used to realize zero energy buildings and communities, the importance of energy sharing and self-sufficiency of renewable energy also increased. In this study, the energy performance of an energy-sharing community was investigated to improve its energy efficiency and renewable energy self-sufficiency. For a case study, a smart village was selected via detailed simulation. In this study, the thermal energy for cooling, heating, and domestic hot water was produced by ground source heat pumps, which were integrated with thermal energy storage (TES) with solar energy systems. We observed that the ST system integrated with TES showed higher self-sufficiency with grid interaction than the PV and PVT systems. This was due to the heat pump system being connected to thermal energy storage, which was operated as an energy storage system. Consequently, we also found that the ST system had a lower operating energy, CO2 emissions, and operating costs compared with the PV and PVT systems.

Analysis of Thermal Energy Storage to a Combined Heat and Power Plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1313-1320
Author(s):  
Shahim Nisar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Heat Storage ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Latent Heat Storage ◽  
Storage Methods

Abstract: Thermal energy storage (TES) is a technology that stocks thermal energy by heating or cooling a storage medium so that the stored energy can be used at a later time for heating and cooling applications and power generation. TES systems are used particularly in buildings and in industrial processes. This paper is focused on TES technologies that provide a way of valorizing solar heat and reducing the energy demand of buildings. The principles of several energy storage methods and calculation of storage capacities are described. Sensible heat storage technologies, including water tank, underground and packed-bed storage methods, are briefly reviewed. Additionally, latent-heat storage systems associated with phase-change materials for use in solar heating/cooling of buildings, solar water heating, heat-pump systems, and concentrating solar power plants as well as thermo-chemical storage are discussed. Finally, cool thermal energy storage is also briefly reviewed and outstanding information on the performance and costs of TES systems are included.

scholarly journals The Capacity Optimization of Wind-Photovoltaic-Thermal Energy Storage Hybrid Power System

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 02054
Author(s):  
Jingli Li ◽  
Wannian Qi ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
Yi He ◽  
Jingru Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power System ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Electric Heater ◽  
Transmission Channel ◽  
Capacity Optimization ◽  
Hybrid Power System ◽  
Hybrid Power

This paper proposes a Wind-Photovoltaic-Thermal Energy Storage hybrid power system with an electric heater. The proposed system consists of wind subsystem, photovoltaic subsystem, electric heater, thermal energy storage and steam turbine unit. The electric heater is used to convert the redundant electricity from wind or photovoltaic subsystem into heat, which is stored in thermal energy storage. When the system output is less than the load demand, thermal energy storage system releases heat to generate electricity. In this paper, the optimal objective is to minimize the levelized cost of energy and maximize the utilization rates of renewable energy and transmission channel. The fitness function is compiled according to the scheduling strategy, and the capacity optimization problem is solved by particle swarm optimization algorithm in MATLAB. The case analysis show that the proposed system can effectively increase the utilization rate of renewable energy and transmission channel.

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