scholarly journals Immobilization of Aeromonas bivalvium PT2 Cells with Alginate and Measurement of Chitinolytic Activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 03020
Author(s):  
Dita P. Saputri ◽  
Ustadi
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Cell ◽  
Cell Immobilization ◽  
Chitinase Activity ◽  
Nutrient Broth ◽  
Chitinolytic Activity ◽  
Immobilized Bacteria ◽  
Chitinolytic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Immobilization ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Bacterial Cell Immobilization

Aeromonas bivalvium is one of the chitinolytic bacteria that able to degrade chitin into its derivatives. These bacteria can only be used once during the fermentation process, which is less profitable to be applied in industrial scale. This limitation can be solved by bacterial immobilization method. This study aimed to determine the effect of bacterial cell immobilization on chitinolytic activity and to determine the stability of the immobilized bacteria during repeated usage. Bacterial cell immobilization was carried out by entrapment method with 1% sodium alginate matrix. Immobilized bacteria was cultured in two different mediums, namely nutrient broth (NB) and nutrient broth (NB) added with colloidal chitin (NB + K). Tests for chitinolytic activity were carried out in bacteria. In addition, the stability of immobilized bacteria was also tested for chitinolytic activity with repeated removal and use. The result shows that the effectiveness of immobilization on average is 91.8%. Immobilization did not significantly affect chitinolytic activity when compared with bacteria without immobilization. Immobilized bacteria in this study has similar performance as bacteria without immobilization. The results of the stability tests including chitinase activity and NAG released indicated a significant decline during repeated usage with maximum usage of three times.

scholarly journals Immobilization of Bacterial Cells and Chitinolytic Activity of Streptomyces sp. (PB 2)

2020 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 03032
Author(s):  
Anida Dieni ◽  
Ustadi
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Cell Immobilization ◽  
Bacterial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Chitinolytic Activity ◽  
Chitinolytic Bacteria ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Cacl2 Solution

This study was aimed to immobilize the chitinolytic bacteria Streptomyces sp. PB 2 using sodium alginate as immobilization agent. Streptomyces sp. PB 2 was reported have a good chitinolytic activity and immobilization is known to increase the stability of bacteria during repeated used. Sodium alginate has been used on several methods of immobilization and sodium alginate are reported as a good agent. Cell immobilization was done by growing the cell on nutrient broth (NB), mixed with 1% sodium alginate to form the beads, then the mixture were put to a syringe and droped into CaCl2 solution. The beads were washed with 0.85% NaCl solution and filtered. To test the bacterial activity, beads were applied into chitin liquid medium and the chitinolytic activity was observed every 24 hours for 5 days. To test its stability, after the 5th day, the beads was filtered and put in to chitin liquid medium and tested the chitinolytic activity. This experiment was repeated twice. The highest chitinolytic activity of Streptomyces sp. PB2 was observed on the 4th day with the value of 0.00014 U/ml and the concentration of NAG of 5.42087 µg/ml with the treatment of immobilized NB medium without the addition of chitin.

Removal of environmental estrogens by bacterial cell immobilization technique

Chemosphere ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 607-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong Ma ◽  
Dan Qin ◽  
Qian Sun ◽  
Fangfang Zhang ◽  
Heqin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Cell ◽  
Cell Immobilization ◽  
Environmental Estrogens ◽  
Bacterial Cell Immobilization

scholarly journals IMMOBILIZATION OF CELLS OF NITRILE-HYDROLYZING BACTERIA RHODOCOCCUS ERYTHROPOLIS 4-1 AND ALCALIGENES FAECALIS 2 USING THERMOTROPIC AND IONOTROPIC GELS

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
E. M. Mochalova ◽  
◽  
Yu. G. Maksimova ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Cell ◽  
Rhodococcus Erythropolis ◽  
Cell Immobilization ◽  
Alcaligenes Faecalis ◽  
Operational Stability ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Bacterial Cell Immobilization

Cells of amidase containing bacteria of Rhodococcus erythropolis 4-1 and Alcaligenes faecalis 2 were immobilized using carriers such as barium alginate, agarose, chitosan and κ-carrageenan. The aim of the work was to study the effect of bacterial cell immobilization methods on the operational stability of a bio-catalyst. It has been determined that the best carrier for the stable operation of the biocatalyst was aga-rose. The highest amount of acrylic acid was obtained during multi-cycle transformation of acrylamide by immobilized A. faecalis 2 cells.

Antifungal activity of chitinolytic bacteria isolated from airtight stored cereal grain

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Frändberg ◽  
Johan Schnürer
Keyword(s):  
Streptomyces Coelicolor ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Chitinolytic Activity ◽  
Bacterial Colony ◽  
Chitinolytic Bacteria ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Antifungal Chitinase ◽  
Streptomyces Halstedii

Chitinolytic bacteria are used as biocontrol agents of plant pathogenic fungi. They might also potentially inhibit growth of molds, e.g., Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp., in stored plant material. We isolated chitinolytic bacteria from airtight stored cereal grain and evaluated their antifungal capacity. Between 0.01 and 0.5% of the total aerobic counts were chitinolytic bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria, mainly Pseudomonadaceae, constituted approximately 80% of the chitinolytic population. Gram-positive isolates belonged predominantly to the Corynebacterium-Arthrobacter group, Streptomyces, and Bacillus. Chitinolytic activity was evaluated using culture filtrates from chitin-grown isolates as the release of p-nitrophenol from p-nitrophenyl N,N'-diacetylchitobiose and as the formation of clearing zones on chitin agar. No correlation between chitinolytic activity and antifungal effects was found when challenging Penicillium roqueforti Dierckx with bacterial isolates on chitin agar in a dual culture bioassay. Fungal hyphae frequently grew seemingly unaffected through the bacterial colony of a high chitinase producer on colloidal chitin. Only 4% of the chitinolytic isolates had strong effects on fungal growth. Among these, Streptomyces halstedii (K122) and Streptomyces coelicolor (K139) inhibited growth of a broad range of fungi. Streptomyces halstedii affected hyphal morphology and decreased the radial growth rate of all fungi investigated. These effects were not caused by volatile metabolites, polyenes, or N-carbamoyl-D-glucosamine.Key words: antifungal, chitinase, Streptomyces halstedii, Streptomyces coelicolor.

scholarly journals The role of exochitinase type A1 in the fungistatic activity of the rhizosphere bacterium Paenibacillus sp. M4

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 451-459
Author(s):  
Urszula Jankiewicz ◽  
Maria Swiontek-Brzezinska
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Chitinase Activity ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Synergistic Action ◽  
Chitinolytic Activity ◽  
Fungistatic Activity ◽  
Rhizosphere Bacterium ◽  
Paenibacillus Sp ◽  
Growth Inhibiting

The aim of the study was to detect the activity and characterize potentially fungistatic chitinases synthesized by rhizosphere bacteria identified as Paenibacillus sp. M4. Maximum chitinolytic activity was achieved on the fifth day of culturing bacteria in a growth medium with 1% colloidal chitin. Analysis of a zymogram uncovered the presence of four activity bands in the crude bacterial extract. The used three-stage protein purification procedure resulted in a single band of chitinase activity on the zymogram. The purified enzyme exhibited maximum activity at pH 6.5 and temperature 45oC, and thermal stability at 40oC for 4 h. In terms of substrate specificity, it is an exochitinase (chitobiose). The amino acid sequence obtained after mass spectrometry showed similarity to chitinase A1 synthesized by Bacillus circulans. The M4 isolate demonstrated the highest growth inhibiting activity against plant pathogens belonging to the genera Fusarium, Rhizoctonia and Alternaria. Fungistatic activity, although to a somewhat lesser degree, was also demonstrated by purified chitinase. The obtained results confirm the participation of the studied exochitinase in antagonism towards pathogenic molds. However, the lower fungistatic effectiveness of the chitinases points to the synergistic action of different metabolites in biocontrol by these bacteria.

scholarly journals Smartphone-Based Whole-Cell Biosensor Platform Utilizing an Immobilization Approach on a Filter Membrane Disk for the Monitoring of Water Toxicants

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 5486
Author(s):  
Junning Ma ◽  
Dorin Harpaz ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Evgeni Eltzov
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Medical Diagnostics ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Filter Membrane ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Bacterial Immobilization ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Whole Cell Biosensor ◽  
Membrane Disk

Bioluminescent bacteria whole-cell biosensors (WCBs) have been widely used in a range of sensing applications in environmental monitoring and medical diagnostics. However, most of them use planktonic bacteria cells that require complicated signal measurement processes and therefore limit the portability of the biosensor device. In this study, a simple and low-cost immobilization method was examined. The bioluminescent bioreporter bacteria was absorbed on a filter membrane disk. Further optimization of the immobilization process was conducted by comparing different surface materials (polyester and parafilm) or by adding glucose and ampicillin. The filter membrane disks with immobilized bacteria cells were stored at −20 °C for three weeks without a compromise in the stability of its biosensing functionality for water toxicants monitoring. Also, the bacterial immobilized disks were integrated with smartphones-based signal detection. Then, they were exposed to water samples with ethanol, chloroform, and H2O2, as common toxicants. The sensitivity of the smartphone-based WCB for the detection of ethanol, chloroform, and H2O2 was 1% (v/v), 0.02% (v/v), and 0.0006% (v/v), respectively. To conclude, this bacterial immobilization approach demonstrated higher sensitivity, portability, and improved storability than the planktonic counterpart. The developed smartphone-based WCB establishes a model for future applications in the detection of environmental water toxicants.

scholarly journals Isolasi dan Identifikasi Bakteri Kitinolitik yang terdapat pada Cangkang Lobster Air Tawar (Cherax Quadricarinatus) [Isolation and Identification of Chytinolitic Bacteria from The Crayfish (Cherax Quadricarinatus) Shell]

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Hari Suprapto ◽  
Sudarno Sudarno ◽  
Istikhara Mentari Tito
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Test Medium ◽  
Clear Zone ◽  
Chitinolytic Activity ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Cherax Quadricarinatus ◽  
Chitinolytic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterium Species ◽  
Observation Method

AbstrakIndonesia memiliki potensi perikanan yang sangat tinggi, salah satunya adalah lobster. Ekspor lobster air tawar cenderung meningkat tiap tahun. Total ekspor hasil lobster budidaya mencapai 94.511 ton/tahun. Pangsa pasar lobster air tawar tidak hanya terbatas di dalam negeri saja tetapi juga ke luar negeri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya bakteri kitinolitik dan juga jenis-jenis bakteri kitinolitik yang terdapat pada cangkang lobster air tawar. Penelitian ini menggunakan Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasi untuk mengetahui adanya bakteri kitinolitik yang ada pada cangkang lobster air tawar. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah secara deskriptif. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif yaitu penyajian data tentang morfologi dan karakteristik dari bakteri kitinolitik yang diisolasi dari cangkang lobser air tawar (Cherax quadricarinatus) dan dibandingkan dengan morfologi dan karakteristik bakteri kitinolitik dengan literatur yang sesuai. Hasil penelitian ini adalah diperoleh bahwa bakteri yang diisolasi dari cangkang lobster air tawar (Cherax quadricarinatus) dapat tumbuh dan berkembang pada media uji. Kemudian hasil uji hidrolisis bakteri kitinolitik ditandai dengan adanya zona bening yang dihasilkan dari bakteri tersebut. Dari hasil pengujian tersebut didapatkan jenis – jenis bakteri yaitu Aeromonas sp., Bacillus sp. dan Pseudomonas sp. AbstractIndonesia have highest potential of fishery. One of them is Lobster. It has increasing slightly, approximately 94.511 ton/years. The aims this research to determine the presence of chitinolytic bacteria and identify its species in crayfish shells. This research was performed via observation method to determine the presence of chitinolytic bacteria, which are exist in crayfish (cherax quadricarinatus) shell. The data used in this research is descriptive. The data descriptively analyzed represented the morphology and characteristics of chitinolytic bacteria isolated from crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) and comparison the morphology and characteristics of chitinolytic bacteria with appropriate literature. These results obtained that the bacteria isolated from crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) shell can grow and develop in the test medium. Then, chitinolytic activity was signed by the formation of clear zone on the test medium. The results obtained several bacterium species including Aeromonas sp., Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. 

scholarly journals Evaluation of enzymatic activity and identification of potent proteolytic and chitinolytic bacteria isolated from crab shell waste

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
MOH DLIYAUDDIN ◽  
TRI ARDYATI ◽  
SUHARJONO
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
16S Rdna ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Chitinase Activity ◽  
Crab Shell ◽  
Chitinolytic Bacteria ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
16S Rdna Sequences ◽  
Shell Waste ◽  
Crab Shell Waste

Abstract. Dliyauddin M, Ardyati T, Suharjono. 2020. Evaluation of enzymatic activity and Identification of Potent Proteolytic and Chitinolytic Bacteria Isolated from Crab Shell Waste. Biodiversitas 21: 211-218. Proteolytic and chitinolytic bacteria are needed to degrade protein-chitin fibers in crab shell waste. These bacteria are important for enhancing the degradation rate of crab shell waste in the environment. This study aims to study the enzymatic activity and identify potent proteolytic and chitinolytic bacteria based on 16S rDNA sequences. The bacteria were isolated from crab shell waste using skim milk agar and colloidal chitin agar for proteolytic and chitinolytic bacteria, respectively. The bacterial isolates were screened based on their protease and chitinase activity using casein and chitin as substrates, respectively. The selected isolates were identified based on 16S rDNA sequences similarity. A total of 20 proteolytic and 22 chitinolytic bacteria were successfully isolated from the samples. The isolate of AP9, AP5, and BP14 had a high protease activity. However, only BP14 and CK20 showed a high chitinase activity. The isolate of AP9 was identified as Bacillus subtilis, AP5, and CK20 were identified as Bacillus licheniformis, and BP14 was identified as Bacillus cereus. AP5 dan CK20 were classified as non-pathogenic isolates.

scholarly journals Molecular Analysis of a Bacterial Chitinolytic Community in an Upland Pasture

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 5042-5050 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Metcalfe ◽  
M. Krsek ◽  
G. W. Gooday ◽  
J. I. Prosser ◽  
E. M. H. Wellington
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Chitinase Activity ◽  
Field Site ◽  
Chitinolytic Activity ◽  
Litter Bags ◽  
Agricultural Improvement ◽  
Treated Sewage ◽  
Activity Measurements ◽  
Upland Pasture

ABSTRACT The effects of agricultural-improvement treatments on the chitinolytic activity and diversity of a microbial community were investigated within an upland pasture. The treatments of interest were lime and treated sewage sludge, both commonly applied to pasture land to improve fertility. Burial of chitin-containing litter bags at the field site resulted in enrichment of bacteria according to 16S rRNA fingerprinting. Chitinolytic-activity measurements showed that the highest activity occurred in those bags recovered from sludge-amended plots, which correlated well with increased counts of actinobacteria in samples from these chitin bags. Our findings suggest that sewage sludge increases the fertility of the soil in terms of chitinase activity. Ten clone libraries were constructed from family 18 subgroup A chitinases, PCR amplified from litter bags buried in soil in July 2000 or in September 2000, in a separate study. Analysis of these libraries by restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing showed that they were dominated by actinobacterium-like chitinase sequences. This suggests that actinobacteria have an important chitinolytic function in this soil ecosystem. Our findings showed that sludge application increased chitinolytic activity but decreased the diversity of chitinases present.

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