CÁC CHỦNG VI NẤM NGOÀI DA PHÂN LẬP ĐƯỢC VÀ ĐỘ NHẠY CẢM VỚI CÁC THUỐC KHÁNG NẤM HIỆN NAY TRÊN BỆNH NHÂN ĐẾN KHÁM TẠI BỆNH VIỆN DA LIỄU THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH NĂM 2021

Đặt vấn đề: Nhiễm vi nấm ngoài da (dermatophytosis) là một trong những bệnh phổ biến và khó điều trị. Vấn đề chẩn đoán tác nhân gây bệnh chưa được quan tâm triệt để, cộng với tình trạng kháng thuốc ngày càng tăng. Do đó cần thiết phải có nghiên cứu khảo sát các chủng vi nấm ngoài da hiện đang lưu hành trên các bệnh nhân đến khám tại bệnh viện Da Liễu, từ đó có cơ sở chẩn đoán và điều trị hiệu quả. Mục tiêu: Phân lập, định danh và tìm hiểu tỷ lệ của các chủng vi nấm ngoài da. Khảo sát độ nhạy cảm với các thuốc khám nấm hiện nay trên các bệnh nhân đến khám tại bệnh viện Da Liễu Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh. Phương pháp nghiên cứu: cắt ngang mô tả, đối tượng từ 339 mẫu bệnh phẩm da, tóc, móng nghi ngờ do vi nấm ngoài da đến khám ngoại trú tại Khoa Khám bệnh Bệnh viện Da Liễu Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh từ tháng 1 đến tháng 5 năm 2021 có chỉ định soi tươi tìm vi nấm của bác sĩ lâm sàng. Các bệnh phẩm được cấy vào môi trường Dermatophyte test medium (DTM) và Sabouraud dextrose Agar (SDA) để phân biệt và định danh. Các chủng vi nấm ngoài da được thực hiện kháng nấm bằng phương pháp đĩa khuếch tán để đánh giá hiệu lực gồm các chất kháng nấm: fluconazole, griseofulvin, itraconazole, ketoconazole. Kết quả: Tỷ lệ bệnh nhân được chẩn đoán nhiễm nấm ngoài da là 47,2%. Trên 107 mẫu bệnh phẩm nuôi cấy phân lập được vi nấm ngoài da, Trichophyton rubrum chiếm tỉ lệ cao nhất là 63,55%, kế đến là Trichophyton mentagrophytes với tỉ lệ 28,04%, Microsporum gypseum chiếm tỉ lệ 4,67%, và cuối cùng là Microsporum canis có tỉ lệ thấp nhất là 3,74%. Tất cả vi nấm ngoài da đều nhạy với thuốc kháng nấm itraconazole (100%); trong khi đó, mức độ nhạy cảm với griseofulvin là 98%. Đối với thuốc kháng nấm ketoconazole, mức độ nhạy với thuốc đạt 52,9%, và có 30,4% mẫu vi nấm ngoài da kháng với ketoconazole. Kết luận: Tỉ lệ nhiễm nấm da do vi nấm ngoài da của bệnh nhân còn cao; trong đó, loài Trichophyton rubrum là loài thường gặp nhất. Kết quả kháng nấm đồ cho thấy tình trạng đề kháng ngày càng tăng của vi nấm, có thể giảm hiệu quả điều trị.

Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Minat Mahasiswa Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta terhadap Media UKBI (Uji Kemahiran Berbahasa Indonesia)

UKBI is a test medium to measure a person's proficiency in the Indonesian language. The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge and interests of UNY students in UKBI media. The research method used is descriptive qualitative and simple quantitative, namely calculating the percentage and describing the characteristics of the survey results. The results of the study showing that UNY students who did not know UKBI. Even so, UNY students have a high interest in UKBI. Therefore, it is recommended that related party continue to promote UKBI and provide training related to UKBI.

Dry vs. wet testing: quasi-static tensile experiment setup for polymer based biomaterials

Polymer materials can be manufactured with high reproducibility and do offer the potential for chemical modification. This enables matrix property modification and fine-tuning of several material characteristics, such as tissue-implant interaction, inflammatory potential or susceptibility to biofilm formation. Whereas manufacturing protocols are crucial for the resulting material properties, also the evaluation in terms of performance and safety has to be considered. Regarding this, both, temperature and composition of test medium may affect the physicochemical properties of implant materials. The present study addresses the influence of test medium compared to dry test conditions, each at two different temperatures, on the mechanical properties of elastomeric film and nonwoven materials.

DETEKSI LEMBAR JAWABAN KOMPUTER MENGGUNAKAN OMR (OPTICAL MARK RECOGNITION) DI MTS NURUL IMAN

Conventional exams or manual exams were implemented decades ago and are still used today. This type of test uses a writing instrument as a test medium, namely the test is carried out in the form of general stationery such as paper, pencil, and pen, the questions and answers to the test are written by hand. One way to assess the success of the teaching process in schools is to carry out exams. In the implementation of the exam at MTS Nurul Iman, he used a computer answer sheet as an entry. Meanwhile, schools are required to have certain scanners that are expensive to correct computer answer sheets. Another alternative that can be done by schools is to manually correct computer answer sheets, but this makes a lot of time wasted, and can cause errors in correcting and slow work productivity. From the problems that have been described, to detect the computer answer sheet, a method is needed. Through this research, it is hoped that a method can be developed that automatically detects the answer choices on the computer answer sheet, so that more accurate and faster results are obtained. Based on the problems of this study, the researchers used the OMR (Optical Mark Recognition) method to detect computer answer sheets automatically. From the test results, it can be concluded that the accuracy of detection of computer answer sheets using OMR is 97%.

Method of electrochemical biotesting for comparative analysis of probiotic and antibiotic properties of various plant extracts

Objectives. The purpose of this study was to develop an objective instrumental method for assessing microbial contamination and expressing the probiotic and antibiotic properties of food, pharmacological, and other products.Methods. The developed method consists of periodic (every 2 h) registration of changes in pH, redox potential, and electrical conductivity of a liquid nutrient medium incubated in the presence and absence of viable test microorganisms and test samples.Results. Using liquefied CO2 from 10 different types of plant materials, we carried out a comparative analysis of probiotic and antibiotic activities against Lactobacillus acidophilus of various concentrations of subcritical whole extracts obtained.Conclusions. Among the studied plant extracts, the most active prolonged antibiotic properties were exhibited by extracts from the leaves of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. and seeds of Illicium verum Hook.f. at a concentration in the test medium (CTE) more than 3 vol %, whereas the most active prolonged probiotic properties were exhibited by an extract from the herb of Mentha arvensis L. at CTE = 0.2 vol %. In most cases, the initial antibiotic activity of the tested extracts (TEs) was greater than their prolonged activity. Also, the mid-term (in terms of TEs interaction time with test microorganisms) antibiotic activity of TEs was intermediate in value between their initial and prolonged activity. In the test medium, the decreasing concentration of TEs decreases their antibiotic activity monotonically and increases their probiotic activity, suggesting that the biological activity of products, including various plant extracts, is largely determined not only by the raw material and the method of extracting biologically active substances from it but also by the concentration of the extract in the product and by the interaction time of the said product with microbiota and others. In most cases, a significant number of tests could establish the exact nature of these dependencies. The proposed method is much more rapid, objective, and informative and less laborious and material-intensive than using standard microbiological methods in assessing the initial microbial contamination and the probiotic and antibiotic properties of various samples of both the new and already approved pharmaceuticals, foods, and other products, as well as the individual ingredients and additives.

Effectiveness of Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar and Dermatophyte Test Medium in Detection of Candidiasis and Dermatophytosis in Superficial Skin Lesion

Introduction: As time evolves fungal infections have increased its prevalence. Among the fungal infections, superficial fungal infections are the most common type. They can be either chronic or recurrent, therefore simple incidence figures are not the most useful means of understanding the burden of disease. Aim: Isolation and identification of pathogenic fungi from clinically suspected cases of dermatophytosis and candidiasis of skin, also to compare two media used in isolation of the fungus. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of one year, clinically suspected cases of dermatophyte infection and candidiasis who attended the Outpatient Department of Dermatology and Venereology Government Medical College, Thrissur, Kerala, India, were included randomly in the study. Sample size was taken as 150. Samples were collected from clinically suspected cases of dermatophytic infections and candidiasis of skin and was transported to the Microbiology Department in sterile bottles. Direct examination under KOH (Potassium hydroxide) solution was done. Culture of these samples on Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar (SDA) with chloramphenicol/gentamycin and Dermatophyte Test Medium (DTM) was analysed. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Results: Trichophyton mentagrophytes was the commonest isolate 57%, followed by Trichophyton rubrum 27%. Out of six clinically suspected cases of candidiasis, no organism was isolated in the cultures. Almost all dermatophytes isolated were grown in DTM within one week of incubation except Trichophyton rubrum which appeared in the second week, while in SDA only 31% of isolates were grown. Direct smear positivity was found in 95% of the cases, while culture positivity was 45%. All isolates were grown in DTM while 31% were grown in SDA. Conclusion: Trichophyton mentagrophytes was the commonest species isolated. The next common isolate was Trichophyton rubrum. DTM was more useful as a screening medium as opposed SDA as identification medium and the isolation is more rapid.

Evaluation of Dermatophyte Test Medium and Sabouraud Dextrose Agar for Isolation of Dermatophyte Species

Background and Objective: Dermatophyte infections require laboratory diagnosis before treatment is started. Although direct microscopy is routinely performed but culture of dermatophytes is the gold standard. However, it takes about 4 weeks for species identification on primary media. Our aim was to compare dermatophyte test medium (DTM) as a screening medium for the isolation of dermatophytes in comparison with sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA). Methods: It was a comparative study carried out at the Department of Microbiology of Post Graduate Medical Institute, Lahore over a period of nine months. Samples were collected from one hundred patients with clinically suspected dermatophytoses after taking informed written consent. The samples were examined microscopically and then inoculated on two types of culture media, one Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) with added chloramphenicol, gentacin and cycloheximide and other dermatophyte test medium (DTM) with added chlortetracycline, gentacin and cyclohexamide. Results: Fungal growth was observed in fifty-six samples on culture. Out of the fifty-six positive on cultures, nineteen were that of dermatophytes. Out of n = 100 patients, ten were positive on SDA while n = 14 dermatophyte species were able to grow on DTM. A significantly higher positivity (P ³ 0.05) for isolating dermatophytes was observed by DTM as compared to SDA. DTM was able to isolate (71%) of the dermatophytes in first 10 days. Isolation rate of dermatophyte species was higher (73.68%) on DTM as compared to SDA which was 52.6%. Conclusion: Authors recommend the use of dermatophyte test medium for the primary isolation and identification of dermatophyte species to be more effective and time saving.

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCHES ON DETERMINING THE WEAR OF CHISEL KNIFE MADE OF THREE TYPES OF MATERIALS

The paper presents the interaction system within soil working mechanical process, consisting of two elements, namely the soil and the tool metal, between which there is a relative movement at the level of the interface between the two elements. Research has shown that there are at least two main forces acting on the active parts: friction and impact, the action of these forces causing wear. In order to test the soil working knives under laboratory conditions, a test stand was used to test different types of soil working knives by modifying their functional parameters, respectively the working depth, knife angle relative to the soil, lateral angle relative to the forward direction, working speed and, if necessary, granulation and moisture of the test medium respectively.

The Potential Of Steel Wire As A Binder With Plates To Withstand Loads

Road and bridge construction needs to be supported by a strong system, both in terms of material and connections between structural elements. A pile reinforcement connection system with slab support construction on it needs to be considered to work together in carrying the load. Therefore, research is needed to determine how much effect the steel wire has as a binding pile with a plate in resisting uniform loads on it. This research was conducted by testing the model in a laboratory on a test medium that was reinforced with the pile with the slab system. Pile joints are distinguished bound perfectly and unbound. A reduction settlement analysis is performed on the difference in settlement for bound and unbound piles. The results showed that the pile system's performance, which was bound with steel wires on the slab, was better at resisting loads. This is known from the reduction of settlement for bound and unbound piles, which is 11.43% for the time stage and 11.51% for the load stage. The system can work together so that the stability of construction is better maintained and more durable.