scholarly journals Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram based Road Network Characteristics Identification and Simulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 04051
Author(s):  
Yi Yu ◽  
Liang Wang ◽  
Xianglun Mo ◽  
Yao Yu ◽  
Mei liu
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Link Length ◽  
Fundamental Diagram ◽  
Road Density ◽  
Network Characteristics ◽  
The Road ◽  
Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram ◽  
Flow Equilibrium ◽  
The Relationship

As an inherent property of the road network, macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD) method can effectively describe the traffic status of the urban roads and identify the relationship among key factors, such as traffic flow and occupancy. Currently, using MFD is easily affected by various network inner factors including topology and road density, so in this paper we propose a method to identify inner characteristic of road network and do a series of comparisons under different scenarios with fixed traffic input circumstance. The differential impact of data collector setting locations are discussed with a aim to reveal the respective location setting suitable for various networks conditions in initial; then road topology and density are designed in road network and simulated MFD performances with flow equilibrium affections. It is shown as the dispersion decreasing of link length or road density of network, the network exhibits better operation efficiency so as to increase the output of link flow and the dissipative ability of the road network. Meanwhile, the equivalent of entrances and exits is proved as another important factor has same impact on MFD.

scholarly journals An Influence Analytical Model of Dedicated Bus Lane on Network Traffic by Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Yingying Ma ◽  
Yuanqi Xie ◽  
Yongjie Lin
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Fundamental Diagram ◽  
The Road ◽  
Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram ◽  
Continuous Output ◽  
Bus Lane ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Smooth State

To study the influence mechanism of dedicated bus lanes on the urban road network, this paper proposes a novel analytical model of macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD) and passenger macroscopic fundamental diagram (p-MFD) and the corresponding indicators based on MFD and p-MFD to evaluate the operation of the network. Taking the grid network as an example, this paper collects traffic flow to calibrate the developed MFD and p-MFD and evaluates the network performance under different proportions of dedicated bus lanes. The simulation results show that the larger the proportion of dedicated bus lanes, the greater the impact on the rising section and the stable section of MFD and the descending section and post-stable section of p-MFD. Further analysis for the sensitivity of simulation experiments found that the strategy of setting dedicated bus lanes will improve the efficiency of vehicle and passenger transport when the road network is in a smooth state and ensure the continuous output of passengers when the network is in a congested state.

scholarly journals Roads and Roadless Areas in Cyprus: Implications For The Natura 2000 Network

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Zomeni ◽  
Ioannis. N. Vogiatzakis
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Road Density ◽  
Natura 2000 Network ◽  
The Road ◽  
Effective Mesh Size ◽  
Roadless Areas ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The road network in Cyprus has seen an 88% increase in the last 20 years. This expansion has not been followed by any kind of assessment on the effects of the network on nature conservation. This is the first island-wide quantitative assessment of the size, character (surface types), pervasiveness and distribution of the road system with particular reference to Natura 2000 network on the island. We mapped roadless areas (i.e. areas at least one km away from nearest road) for the whole island and examined the spatial distribution with respect to Natura 2000. We tested the relationship between overall road density and road density of different road categories within terrestrial Natura 2000 sites to four zones which were defined on the basis of landform, principal land use and ownership. We employed three indices i.e. effective mesh size, splitting and division to measure fragmentation caused by the road network within Natura 2000 and investigated the relationship between road density and the above fragmentation metrics. Mean road density in Cyprus is 2.3 km/km2 which is comparable to road density values recorded in other Mediterranean countries such as France, Spain and Italy, which have much larger area and population. Roadless areas cover 4.5% of the island, and despite being scattered 80% is found within Natura 2000, which demonstrates the added value of the network for nature conservation. Road expansion has taken place throughout the island with the same intensity irrespectively of the zones examined. Fragmentation has been lower in sites on mountainous areas where sites are larger and under state ownership. Road density is negatively correlated (r = - 0.383, p = 0.05) with effective mesh size and positively correlated with both landscape division (r = 0.376, p = 0.05) and splitting index (r = 0.376, p = 0.05). Results corroborate that spatial configuration is an important property of the road network in addition to traffic load, length and density.With the shift from site based conservation to landscape level there is a challenge for integrating technical, human and ecological requirements into infrastructure planning.

scholarly journals SCALE-FREE NETWORK THEORY IN STUDYING THE STRUCTURE OF THE ROAD NETWORK IN POLAND

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna KOCUR-BERA
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Scale Free Network ◽  
Scale Free ◽  
The Road ◽  
Normal Character ◽  
Free Network ◽  
The Relationship

This paper discusses the issue of statistical analysis of traffic flow in different regions of Poland. Such analysis allows us to identify “valuable (sensitive) areas” whose damage or blockage may provoke considerable disturbances or even a stoppage of traffic flow in the examined road network. The results of the studies indicate that the road network in Poland has the properties of a scale-free network. The distribution of the examined variables does not have a normal character, whereas the relationship between the number of nodes and the number of connections is a power-law feature. 

scholarly journals An Improved Indicator System for Evaluating the Progress of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Sub-Target 9.1 in County Level

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 4783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiacheng Xu ◽  
Jianjun Bai ◽  
Jun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Indicator System ◽  
Transportation Infrastructure ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
County Level ◽  
Road Density ◽  
The Road ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Rural Access ◽  
The Relationship

In order to assess the progress of the SDG sub-target 9.1 at the county level, the SDG indicator 9.1.1 (rural access index) and 9.1.2 (passenger and freight volumes) were implemented in Deqing County, China to explore the fitness-for-purpose of these indicators for county level evaluations. It is found that the country-oriented indicator system has some localization problems and cannot fully reflect the connotation of the SDG sub-target 9.1 when used in the county level. An improved indicator system was built by modifying the SDG indicator 9.1.1 and adding three more indicators (namely the road density, accessibility, and total postal business). The analysis of the calculation process and results showed that the improved indicator system can solve the problems arising from the original SDG indicator when applied in the county level. The modified resident access index can eliminate the dependence of the original indicator 9.1.1 calculations on urban-rural boundary data, and takes into account the urban vulnerable groups such as urban villages residents. While the road density and accessibility can be used to measure the quantity, quality, and connectivity of the road and the reality of the residents to obtain the road, which enables the indicators to reflect the necessary details of the level of the transportation infrastructure construction. The total postal business can help the SDG indicator 9.1.2 reflect the relationship between the transportation infrastructure construction and the development of the economic and people’s livelihood.

scholarly journals Development of the Road Network in the City of Salt in 2004 and 2016 Using GIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Deaa Al-Deen Amjad Qtaishat ◽  
Abd Al Azez Hdoush ◽  
Eng. Loiy Qasim Alzu’Bi
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Network Characteristics ◽  
The Road ◽  
Standard Distance ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City

The aim of this study is to analyze the structure of the road network in As-Salt City in the period between 2004 and 2016, in order to identify the road employability in terms of the degree of connectivity, rotation, accessibility, and density. The relationship between the social properties and road distribution are also examined through analysis of the network characteristics concerning population distribution. The data used in this study was based on the As-Salt City Municipality Database supported with fieldwork done in 2016. The network analysis approach using GIS was used to calculate the roads employability. The study compares between the results of the analysis using the cognitive model of the road network for the years 2004 and 2016, knowing that the number of nodes in 2004 and 2016 was constant indicating the number of neighborhoods is 20, while the number of links changed from 42 links in 2004 to 50 links in 2016 and the average center of roads was determined, and it was estimated that the average road center is located near the municipality of As-Salt The study indicates that the road network suffers from a low degree of communication and rotation and the standard distance of road sites in the study area. The standard distance for each group was 2338.49 m. There is a disparity in the distribution of road network within As-Salt City, and the proportion of roads lengths dose not suit the population distribution pattern. The neighborhood of Al- Salalem, includes 19.5% of the total number of roads in As-Salt, because the neighborhood of Al-Salalem contains the highest population census and this is accompanied by urban growth, which is necessarily accompanied by the presence of roads. Therefore, it is recommended to have a plan to redistribute the population in the city and to establish new roads to reduce the problems of traffic in the city.

scholarly journals Investigating Accidents on the Main Road Network in The North-West Region of Romania

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Rodica Dorina Cadar ◽  
Rozalia Melania Boitor ◽  
Mara Dumitrescu ◽  
Petru Daniel Măran
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Road Density ◽  
Main Road ◽  
North West ◽  
The Road ◽  
The North ◽  
Critical Areas ◽  
West Region ◽  
The Eu

The paper investigates the accidents and fatalities on the main road network in the North-West Region of Romania over a period of 4 years (2015– 2018). The aim of the paper is to highlight some shortcomings and suggest possible improvements of the road network in order to reduce the number of accidents and fatalities. Detailed analyses, including statistical and spatial statistical analyses, were conducted on the accidents involving goods and public transport vehicles considering the scale of their impact. As a result, black corridors and vulnerable municipalities were identified. They were found to be related to the reduced main road density and high levels of freight traffic transit. In conclusion, with one of the lowest motorization rates in the EU and given the important efforts already made by the police, improving road network in Romania becomes the key for reducing accident and fatality rates in the region. In this regard, it is suggested that motorways and ring roads are needed in order to bypass the vulnerable municipalities. The results of this research may enable planners and administrations to act strategically to improve road safety in the critical areas, to prioritize actions for road network development and to formulate better strategies to ensure road safety.

scholarly journals Possibilities of Using the Direct Runoff Model KINFIL for a Road Network Design

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Kovář Pavel ◽  
Kubátová Šárka Dvořáková and Eliška
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Road Density ◽  
Direct Runoff ◽  
The Road ◽  
Forestry Production ◽  
System Project ◽  
Runoff Model ◽  
Precipitation Reduction

The paper provides a practical implementation of the hydrological model KINFIL to be used for design­ing an optimal road density system in areas where agricultural or forestry production does not play an important role. In particular, such a road system project is based on the physiographic characteristics of land. Input data for a direct runoff analysis are computed in relation to the geometric parameters of upstream sub-catchments using the method of maximum daily precipitation reduction. Computed direct runoff discharges depend mainly on soil and vegetation conditions. Besides the soil type characteristics, the length and the angle of hill slopes to be drained by a road drainage system are major parameters determining the road density. These discharges are further assessed for road drain capacities designed according to the Czech Standard System (ČSN).

A Stochastic Frontier Approach Applied to Farms to Selected Andean Countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Otávio Freitas ◽  
Felipe de F. Silva ◽  
Mateus C. R. Neves
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Road Density ◽  
Stochastic Frontier Approach ◽  
Technical Inefficiency ◽  
The Road ◽  
Andean Countries ◽  
Stochastic Production ◽  
On The Road

In this paper, we estimate a stochastic production function for Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, and Peru to investigate whether road infrastructure affects farm technical inefficiency. We use agricultural censuses of Colombia and Bolivia in 2013 and 2014, respectively; national agricultural surveys in 2017 of both Ecuador and Peru; and data on the road network and travel time to the nearest town with 50,000 inhabitants or more. Our main findings are that irrigation increases the value of production and road network decreases farm technical inefficiency, that is, road density (travel time) increases (decreases) farm technical efficiency.

DESIGNING AN OPTIMAL FOREST ROAD NETWORK BY CONSIDERATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS IN GIS OPTIMALIŲ MIŠKO KELIŲ TINKLO PROJEKTAVIMAS ĮVERTINUS POVEIKĮ APLINKAI GIS PROGRAMA / ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЕ OПTИMAЛЬHOЙ CETИ ЛECHЫX ДOPOГ С УЧЕТОМ BOЗДEЙCTBИЯ HA OKPYЖAЮЩYЮ CPEДY, ОЦЕНЕННОГО С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ГИС

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Ataollah Hosseini ◽  
Mohammad Reza Mazrae ◽  
Majid Lotfalian ◽  
Aidin Parsakhoo
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Road Density ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
Road Verge ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Planning ◽  
Golestan Province ◽  
Northern Forests ◽  
The Cost

Planning of forest road network is the most important issue for sustainable management of northern forests in Iran. This study represented a technical method of forest road planning by using GIS (Geographic Information Systems) in Vatan forestry plan of Golestan province, Iran. The aim of this study was to find out options for the optimization of skid trail length and for decreasing the negative effects of redundant skid trail length. Results of this study showed that the total length of forest road and the road network density was 36745 m and 8.68 m ha−1, respectively. 54% of the area was covered by these roads. 98.06 km skid trail was planned from road verge into the forest interior. The density of this skidding trail was 23.17 m ha−1. The suggested road network length measured using GIS was 47.23 km. Road density was 10.87 m ha−1, with 79% coverage. Skid trail length was 81.04 km, and skid trail density was 19.15 m ha−1. On the basis of GIS measurements, the skid trails on new road network system had shorter length and more frequency. This causes to decrease the cost of primary transportation. Moreover, in this plan the roads with suitable coverage passed from stable slopes. Santrauka Miško kelių tinklo planavimas – viena svarstomų problemų, siekiant užtikrinti tvarią miškotvarkos sistemą šiaurinėje Irano dalyje esančiuose miškuose. Šiame straipsnyje pristatomas miško kelių planavimo techninis metodas, taikant GIS (geografinės informacinės sistemos) programą ir naudojant Vatan miško, Golestan provincijoje, Irane, planus. Šio tyrimo tikslas – išsiaiškinti galimybes, kaip optimizuoti miško keliukų ilgį ir sumažinti neigiamą poveikį miškui, mažinant perteklinį šių keliukų trasos ilgį. Pirminiai rezultatai parodė, kad bendras esamų kelių ilgis siekia 36 745 km, kelių tinklas aprėpė 54% visos tiriamosios teritorijos, tankis siekė 8,68 m ha−1, o optimalus miško kelių tinklas buvo rengiamas pagal esamą 98,06 km ilgio miško keliukų tinklą, kurio tankis – 23,17 m ha−1. Bendras siūlomo kelių tinklo ilgis siekia 47,23 km, tankumas – 10,87 m ha−1, jis aprėpia 79% teritorijos. Miško keliukų ilgis – 81,04 km, tankumas – 19,15 m·ha−1. Remiantis GIS matavimais, naujo miško keliukų tinklo keliukai buvo trumpesni, tačiau jų tinklas tankesnis. Dėl šios priežasties mažėja pirminės transporto išlaidos ir sukuriama optimali miško keliukų aprėptis, pagerinamas prieinamumas. Резюме Планирование сети лесных дорог является одним из важнейших вопросов при создании упорядоченной системылесохозяйствования в северной части Ирана. В статье представлен технический метод планирования лесохозяйственной деятельности (прокладки дорог) с использованием ГИС и плана леса Ватан в провинции Гулистан Ирана. Целью исследования было выяснить возможности оптимизации длины лесных дорог и уменьшениянегативных последствий их избыточной длины. Результаты исследования показали, что общая протяженность существующих лесных дорог составляет 36 745 км, сеть дорог охватывает 54% всей исследованной территории,ее плотность – 8,68 м га−1. Оптимальная сеть лесных дорог создавалась на основании имеющейся сети лесных дорог, протяженность которой 98,06 км, плотность – 23,17 м гa−1. Протяженность предлагаемой сети дорог составит 47,23 км, плотность – 10,87 м гa−1, она охватит 79% территории. Длина лесных дорог составит 81,04 км, а плотность – 19,15 м·гa−1. На основании измерений, проведенных с использованием ГИС, длина дорог лесной сети стала короче, а сеть более густой. В связи с этим снижаются первичные затраты на транспорт, охват леснымидорогами становится более оптимальным, увеличивается доступность.

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