scholarly journals Risk assessment of ice-melter reagents for urban plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 01009
Author(s):  
Yulia Baeva ◽  
Natalia Chernykh ◽  
Sofia Shmerko ◽  
Varvara Stepnova
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Salt Mixture ◽  
Soil Extracts ◽  
Melted Snow ◽  
Oat Seeds ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect ◽  
The City ◽  
Urban Plants

The paper assessed the phytotoxicity of the most frequently used ice-melter reagents in Moscow (sand and salt mixture, anti-freeze reagent based on a composition of calcium and sodium chloride, technical salt), snow with varying degrees of contamination of the remnants of ice-melter reagents, as well as soil after the snow cover melting. The toxicity assessment was carried out in the samples taken on the lawns along the roads in nine administrative districts of the city in places with the same anthropogenic load. The test object is oat seeds (Avena sativa), as a sensitive biotest showing the most stable and reproducible data compared to seeds from other crops. Salt solutions of reagents with dilution rates of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10, melted snow and soil extracts were used for biotesting. The phytotoxic effect was determined by comparing the average root length of control and prototype seeds. It was found that all studied ice-melter reagents have a pronounced toxic effect on oat plants even at tenfold dilution. The phytotoxic effect of snow and soil polluted with ice-melter substances, which in turn inherits the chemical composition of snow cover after its melting, was shown.

scholarly journals Comparative Time-Course Physiological Responses and Proteomic Analysis of Melatonin Priming on Promoting Germination in Aged Oat (Avena sativa L.) Seeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 811
Author(s):  
Huifang Yan ◽  
Peisheng Mao
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Intact Cell ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Oat Seeds ◽  
Aged Seeds

Melatonin priming is an effective strategy to improve the germination of aged oat (Avena sativa L.) seeds, but the mechanism involved in its time-course responses has remained largely unknown. In the present study, the phenotypic differences, ultrastructural changes, physiological characteristics, and proteomic profiles were examined in aged and melatonin-primed seed (with 10 μM melatonin treatment for 12, 24, and 36 h). Thus, 36 h priming (T36) had a better remediation effect on aged seeds, reflecting in the improved germinability and seedlings, relatively intact cell ultrastructures, and enhanced antioxidant capacity. Proteomic analysis revealed 201 differentially abundant proteins between aged and T36 seeds, of which 96 were up-accumulated. In melatonin-primed seeds, the restoration of membrane integrity by improved antioxidant capacity, which was affected by the stimulation of jasmonic acid synthesis via up-accumulation of 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductase, might be a candidate mechanism. Moreover, the relatively intact ultrastructures enabled amino acid metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, which were closely associated with energy generation through intermediates of pyruvate, phosphoenolpyruvate, fumarate, and α-ketoglutarate, thus providing energy, active amino acids, and secondary metabolites necessary for germination improvement of aged seeds. These findings clarify the time-course related pathways associated with melatonin priming on promoting the germination of aged oat seeds.

scholarly journals ECOGEOCHEMICAL DIAGNOSTICS CONDITION OF URBAN ENVIRONMENT ON POLLUTION SNOW COVER OF VORONEZH CITY

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
Tatiana Ivanovna Prozhorina ◽  
Semyon Aleksandrovitch Kurolap ◽  
Nadezhda Ivanovna Yakunina
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
High Sorption ◽  
Express Methods ◽  
Functional Areas ◽  
The City

Currently, the most popular are the express methods of quality control of the environment, which permit a relatively rapid assessment of ecological and geochemical situation. one such method is based on the use snow cover. snow has a high sorption capacity and is informative in identifying the object of man-made pollution of the urban environment. the paper presents the results of a study of the chemical composition of snow that had fallen in Voronezh during winter 2015. snow samples were taken in the period prior to snowmelt in various functional areas of the city. in order to identify the degree of technogenic impact on the various parts of the city of Voronezh, was made a comparative analysis of the results:аccording to the actual presence of pollutants in precipitation for the study of functional areas;сalculate the rate on the concentration of chemical elements for test samples of snow.according to the degree of mineralization and dust content in snow can be seen technogenic pressure on environment.therefore, a comparative analysis of the degree of contamination of snow in the various functional areas of the city were carried out for the two indicators of the chemical composition - the total mineralization and suspended particles(dust).the results of the analysis of the chemical composition of the melt water indicate an increased level of technogenic pollution of snow cover in all investigated functional areas of Voronezh.

scholarly journals The Structure Features of Geochemical Field of Snow Cover in the City of Saratov

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
V. N. Eremin ◽  
◽  
M. V. Reshetnikov ◽  
L. V. Grebenuk ◽  
E. S.  Sokolov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
The City

Control of Wild Oats in Oats by Barban Plus Antidote

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 546-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Y. Chang ◽  
G. R. Stephenson ◽  
G. W. Anderson ◽  
J. D. Bandeen
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Complete Protection ◽  
Naphthalic Anhydride ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Growth Room ◽  
Oat Seeds

Growth room and field studies indicated that coating the seeds of oats (Avena sativaL.) with NA (1,8-naphthalic anhydride) at rates of 0.5 to 1% by seed weight significantly reduced the phytotoxicity of barban (4-chloro-2-butynylm-chlorocarbanilate) applied to the foliage at rates up to 1.2 kg/ha. Complete protection was obtained when barban was applied at 0.4 kg/ha, the highest rate recommended for the control of wild oats (Avena fatuaL.) in cereal crops. Treatment of oat seeds with this antidote did not reduce the herbicidal effect of barban on wild oats grown in the same soil. Thus, coating oat seeds with the antidote may allow the use of barban for the selective control of wild oats in oat crops. NA seed treatment also slightly reduced oat injury from diallate [S-(2,3-dichloroallyl)diisopropylthiocarbamate] and triallate [S-(2,3,3-trichloroallyl)diisopropylthiocarbamate].

FERULIC ACID AND OTHER PHENOLICS IN OAT SEEDS (Avena sativa L. Var Hinoat)

1977 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 551-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. DURKEE ◽  
P. A. THIVIERGE
Keyword(s):  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Oat Seeds

scholarly journals MONITORING OF POLLUTION OF SNOW COVER THE CITY OF CHITA WITH HEAVY METALS

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A. Bondarevich ◽  
◽  
N.N. Kotsyurzhinskaya ◽  
O.A. Zhilyaeva ◽  
G.Y. Samoilenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
The City

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF RISKS RELATED TO CONTAMINATION OF SOIL AND SNOW COVER ON THE TERRITORY OF YOSHKAR-OLA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.V. Leukhin ◽  
◽  
E.G. Yazikov ◽  
E.A. Goncharov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Laboratory Work ◽  
Dust Aerosols ◽  
Field Laboratory ◽  
The City

The text presents the results of field, laboratory work and office research on the risks posed by soils and dust aerosols accumulated in the snow cover of the city of Yoshkar-Ola.

scholarly journals Features of Fauna and Ecology of Ixodid Ticks Parasitizing in the Central Part of the East European Plain

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
F. I. Vasilevich ◽  
A. M. Nikanorova
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
East European Plain ◽  
Abundance Index ◽  
East European ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
Kaluga Region ◽  
The City ◽  
Snow Cover Formation

The purpose of the research is finding out features of fauna and ecology of ixodid ticks parasitizing in the Non-Black Earth Region of the central part of the East European Plain, which inhabit the Kaluga Region. Materials and methods. Ixodid ticks were collected and recorded according to generally accepted methods in all districts of the Kaluga Region and the city of Kaluga in 2009–2019 during their activity (in the spring from the melting of snow and until late autumn before the snow cover formation). A total of 11,282 ticks were collected in 412 flag-hours, of which 7,421 (65.7%) were collected from vegetation and 3,861 (34.3%) from animals. We studied open meadow and field areas, forest and shrub areas, closed meadow and field areas, and wetland stations and settlements. The species was identified using the Atlas of ixodid ticks by Ganiev and Aliverdiev (1968) and the Atlas by Shevkoplyas (2008). Results and discussion. There are two species of ixodid ticks in the Kaluga Region, Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentоr reticulatus. The number of D. reticulatus slightly exceeds (by 6%) I. ricinus, 53 and 46% respectively, which is explained by the even distribution of forest and meadow (pasture) biotopes in the Region. The abundance index of I. ricinus was 16.8±1.32 individuals per 1 flag-hour in forest biotopes, and 11.6±1.12 individuals per 1 flag-hour in meadow biotopes. The abundance index of D. reticulatus was 10.8±1.14 individuals per 1 flag-hour in forest biotopes, and 15.9±1.30 individuals per 1 flag-hour in meadow biotopes.

scholarly journals The occurrence of Fusarium poae (Peck) Wollenw. on oat (Avena sativa L.) panicles and its harmfulness

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Kiecana ◽  
Małgorzata Cegiełko ◽  
Elżbieta Mielniczuk ◽  
Juliusz Perkowski
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Breeding Line ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Poae ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
The City

Field observations of oat panicles carried out in the fields of Danko Plant Breeding Company in the period 2006–2007 and in the fields of Strzelce Plant Breeding Company in 2008 showed the occurrence of panicles with <em>Fusarium </em>head blight symptoms in each growing season. In 2006 the percentage of such panicles ranged from 0.25 to 1.5%, in 2007 from 2.0 to 9.0%, whereas in 2008 from 0.5 to 8.0%. The species <em>Fusarium poae </em>was the main causal agent of <em>Fusarium </em>head blight. A study on inoculation of panicles of 12 genotypes of oats with <em>Fusarium poae </em>strain no. 35, which was conducted in 2008 in experimental fields near the city of Zamość, determined the number of kernels per panicle, grain yield from 40 panicles (4×10 panicles), and 1000-kernels weight (TKW) after the harvest of the crop at full grain maturity. Compared to the control, the lowest reduction in the number of kernels per panicle was found in the case of the cultivar 'Krezus' (88.69% of the control), while the highest one in 'Szakal' (22.46% of the control). As a result of inoculation of panicles with <em>F. poae</em>, the breeding line STH 8107 was characterized by the lowest decrease in kernels yield (69.76% of the control), whereas the highest decrease was found in the breeding line CHD 1430/02 (14.26% of the control). Compared to the control, the lowest reduction in TKW was observed in the breeding line STH 8107 (96.46% of the control), whereas the highest one in the breeding line CHD 1430/02 (45.06% of the control). The presence of secondary metabolites of <em>F. poae </em>and group A trichothecene compounds: HT-2 toxins (from 0 to 0.013 mg × kg<sup>-1</sup>), diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) (from 0 to 0.002 mg × kg<sup>-1</sup>), T-2 tetraol (from 0.001 to 0.014 mg x g<sup>-1</sup>), and scirpentriol (from 0.008 to 0.074 mg × kg<sup>-1</sup>), was found in infected oat kernels. Group B trichothecenes: nivalenol (from 0 to 0.157 mg × g<sup>-1</sup>), deoxynivalenol (DON) (from 0 to 0.127 mg × kg<sup>-1</sup>) as well as its acetylated derivatives: 3-AcDON (from 0 to 0.059 mg × kg<sup>-1</sup>) and 15-Ac DON (from 0 to 0.288 mg × kg<sup>-1</sup>), were also present in oat kernels obtained from panicles artificially infected with <em>Fusarium poae</em>.

scholarly journals Determination of the Level of Snow Cover Pollution with Heavy Metals within the City of Kovrov Boundaries

2014 ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Iron Accumulation ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Vladimir Oblast ◽  
The City

The paper presents the outcomes of the investigation of heavy metals and iron accumulation in the Kovrov (Vladimir Oblast) snow cover. On the basis of snowmelt waters’ analysis a calculation of the chemical elements input into snow cover over the winter period has been carried out.

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