scholarly journals Development of field-scale composite biorack constructed wetland – startup phase

2020 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 06009
Author(s):  
Mitil Koli ◽  
Guru Munavalli
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Typha Angustifolia ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Treatment Facility ◽  
Compartment System ◽  
Decentralized Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Decentralized Wastewater Treatment System ◽  
College Of Engineering

Constructed Wetlands (CW) with Biorack (BR) technology have been studied extensively in recent years with positive outcomes compared to conventional CWs. A field scale application of the same has been worked upon in the Composite Biorack Constructed Wetland (CBCW) which is a secondary wastewater treatment facility of the Decentralized Wastewater Treatment System (DWTS) at Walchand College of Engineering, Sangli (M.S.), India. The CBCW is a multi-compartment system comprising of compartments with brickbats as supporting medium and BR Compartments (BRC) and has been in operation since May, 2018. The CBCW is vegetated with Typha angustifolia L. and Canna indica macrophytes. Being a unique CW, studies on difficulties aroused during the startup phase need to be addressed so as to arrive at proper troubleshooting techniques for future references. The paper addresses various issues, specifically growth of vegetation and their early wiltage in CBCW, for a period of 150 days. Using alternative modes of plantation, it is concluded that vegetation acclimatization, proper suspension and grip of the bulb and roots of saplings in racks, fluctuating inflow of wastewater are few reasons influencing development of vegetation. An improvement by about 12% is obtained in COD removal in the latter period of study implying establishing of vegetation in CBCW.

scholarly journals Pilot field-scale demonstration of a novel alum sludge-based constructed wetland system for enhanced wastewater treatment

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 278-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.Q. Zhao ◽  
A.O. Babatunde ◽  
Y.S. Hu ◽  
J.L.G. Kumar ◽  
X.H. Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Alum Sludge ◽  
Wetland System

scholarly journals Process performance and reuse potential of a decentralized wastewater treatment system

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
pp. 2079-2090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajiv Ranjan ◽  
Lokendra Kumar ◽  
P. C. Sabumon
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Tagetes Erecta ◽  
Wastewater Treatment System ◽  
Decentralized Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Decentralized Wastewater Treatment System

Abstract The paper describes briefly the process performance and the reuse potential of a laboratory scale wastewater treatment system. The treatment involves enhanced primary treatment of Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) campus sewage using ferric chloride as a coagulant, anaerobic digestion of coagulated organics, and biofilm aerobic process. The treated effluent after disinfection (using sunlight and chlorine) was used for irrigation of Tagetes erecta (marigold) plants and the plant growth parameters were evaluated for a life span of 3 months. In the primary treatment, an optimum ferric chloride dose of 30 mg/L could remove turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and bacterial count (Escherichia coli) of 69%, 60%, 77%, and 55%, respectively. The coagulated organics could digest in a 25 L anaerobic reactor effectively with methane content in biogas varied between 50 and 60% and enhanced volatile suspended solids (VSS) reduction up to 70%. Sunlight based photo-oxidation followed chlorine disinfection saved 50% of the chlorine dose required for disinfection and treated effluent was fit for reuse. The results of growth parameters for Tagetes erecta plants indicate that anaerobically digested sludge is an excellent soil conditioner cum nutrient supplier. The results of this study exhibit a promising reuse potential of a decentralized wastewater treatment system and needs to be promoted for field scale applications.

Studies on the Use of Fortified Kaolinitic Soil-Clay in Industrial Wastewater Treatment

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 500-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurudeen A. Oladoja ◽  
Imohimi O. Asia
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Decentralized Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Energy Consuming ◽  
Repeated Use ◽  
Soil Clay ◽  
Decentralized Wastewater Treatment System ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Entire Treatment

Abstract This study aimed to design an uncomplicated, reliable, technologically simple and low energy consuming decentralized wastewater treatment system using kaolinitic soil-clay fortified with stone pebbles to enhance the permeability to water. Soilclay samples were obtained from different deposits in Nigeria viz: Auchi (AU), Ozanagogo (OZ) and Ubulu-Uku (UB). The geochemical analysis of the soil-clay samples was done using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The mineralogical analysis, studied with an X-ray diffractometer, revealed the presence of kaolinite as the domineering clay mineral present. Illite was also found in the clay OZ and AU (6.50% and 0.50%, respectively). Composite wastewater samples were obtained from brewery, textile and polymer industries. Performance efficiency studies were conducted to determine the best combination ratio of pebbles/soil-clay. Soil-clay fortified with pebbles in combination ratios of 1:3 (i.e., pebbles: soil-clay = 1:3 [w/w]) showed optimum water treatment while the combination 3:1 gave the least. The flow rate studies showed that the wastewater had a longer residence time in non-fortified soil-clay than in fortified soil-clay. Two modes of treatment methods were employed: single and double column treatment (SCT and DCT). The two methods gave effluents with goodquality characteristics but those from the DCT were of better quality. The quality of effluents also varied from one fortified column to another. The fortified column containing OZ exhibited the best performance while UB showed the least performance in the entire treatment processes. Results obtained from the studies on the effects of repeated use on the performance efficiency of the fortified soil-clay showed that the pH of effluents decreased with time toward acidity; the amount of TS also decreased with time; and, as the COD value increased, depletion in the DO was also recorded.

scholarly journals Development of a Self-Sustaining Wastewater Treatment with Phosphorus Recovery for Small Rural Settlements

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1363
Author(s):  
Jingsi Xiao ◽  
Ulrike Alewell ◽  
Ingo Bruch ◽  
Heidrun Steinmetz
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Grey Water ◽  
Decentralized Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Special Soil

Global trends such as climate change and the scarcity of sustainable raw materials require adaptive, more flexible and resource-saving wastewater infrastructures for rural areas. Since 2018, in the community Reinighof, an isolated site in the countryside of Rhineland Palatinate (Germany), an autarkic, decentralized wastewater treatment and phosphorus recovery concept has been developed, implemented and tested. While feces are composted, an easy-to-operate system for producing struvite as a mineral fertilizer was developed and installed to recover phosphorus from urine. The nitrogen-containing supernatant of this process stage is treated in a special soil filter and afterwards discharged to a constructed wetland for grey water treatment, followed by an evaporation pond. To recover more than 90% of the phosphorus contained in the urine, the influence of the magnesium source, the dosing strategy, the molar ratio of Mg:P and the reaction and sedimentation time were investigated. The results show that, with a long reaction time of 1.5 h and a molar ratio of Mg:P above 1.3, constraints concerning magnesium source can be overcome and a stable process can be achieved even under varying boundary conditions. Within the special soil filter, the high ammonium nitrogen concentrations of over 3000 mg/L in the supernatant of the struvite reactor were considerably reduced. In the effluent of the following constructed wetland for grey water treatment, the ammonium-nitrogen concentrations were below 1 mg/L. This resource efficient decentralized wastewater treatment is self-sufficient, produces valuable fertilizer and does not need a centralized wastewater system as back up. It has high potential to be transferred to other rural communities.

scholarly journals Systematic review of the last 20 years of research on decentralized domestic wastewater treatment In Brazil: state of the art and potentials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcella Moretti Ferreira ◽  
Fabiana Alves Fiore ◽  
Alexandre Saron ◽  
Gustavo Henrique Ribeiro da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Science Data ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Decentralized Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Domestic Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Decentralized Wastewater Treatment System ◽  
Potential Use

Abstract A DEWATS (decentralized wastewater treatment system) is an alternative for expanding sanitation. In Brazil, DEWATS is acknowledged by law and is part of the National Sanitation Plan strategy for achieving the treatment of 85.6% of all the generated wastewater by 2033, improving the current treatment index of 49%. This review's aim is to identify DEWATS studies in Brazil and to verify their potential for narrowing the national wastewater treatment deficit. Hence, aspects such as cost, maintenance, and efficiency were assessed. The archival research method (ARM) was used to identify papers published in the last 20 years through the scientific databases of Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science. Data regarding the general characteristics of each study were collected and compared to Brazilian environmental regulation and sanitation status. The results showed the evaluation of different technologies as DEWATS, highlighting their flexibility and potential use in 79% of Brazilian counties. However, although 81% of the studies conducted performance analysis, none covered the main parameters required by Brazilian law. Although legal gaps for DEWATS improvement and consolidation have been identified and the interest in studying DEWATS has been increasing in the last five years, many barriers to their widespread use remain.

scholarly journals Study on hybrid biorack constructed wetland

2020 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 06014
Author(s):  
Guru Munavalli ◽  
Pratap Sonavane ◽  
Sagar Wandare ◽  
Kusum Biradar ◽  
Nikhil Aswale
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Typha Angustifolia ◽  
Batch Studies ◽  
Canna Indica ◽  
Domestic Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Support Medium ◽  
Recent Developments

Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Systems (DWTS) based on natural mechanisms of purification are appropriate for Indian conditions. Biorack constructed wetland are recent developments in the domestic wastewater treatment. In the present study the concept of biorack wetland is extended to Hybrid Biorack Constructed Wetland (HBCW) in which bioracks are supplemented by brickbat as support medium for wetland vegetation. Three separate HBCW reactors were developed with Typha angustifolia, Canna indica and dual-species (Typha angustifolia and Canna indica). Batch studies were carried out on these reactors for secondary treatment of domestic wastewater. COD removal was determined for feed wastewater strength of 100 to 200 mg COD/L by these developed reactors. The growth of vegetation was also monitored. Typha angustifolia and Canna indica were found to be an appropriate combination as dual-species. The COD removal by dual-species is 5 to 10% greater than mono-species under similar conditions of feed and support medium. HBCW is efficient to an extent of 65 to 75% for COD removal. This is preliminary study conducted on HBCW. Further studies on pilot/field scale will provide better insight to assess its suitability as an alternative biological treatment.

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