scholarly journals Microbial growth behind tiles in bathrooms

2020 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 20003
Author(s):  
Gunilla Bok ◽  
Pernilla Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Fungus Flora ◽  
Specific Study

Studies investigating microbial diversity in buildings have been performed mainly through the study of dust collected from e. g. floors and door frames and on moisture damaged building materials. A great diversity of mould fungi has been found and the fungus flora is dominated by the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium. The building materials targeted in this specific study were sampled on the back of ceramic tiles from bathroom walls and floors. Furthermore, two different analyses were used to investigate to which degree this specific environment was supportive of microbial growth. Microbial findings were detected in 48 % of the specimens from the spots exposed to liquid water in the bathrooms. To our knowledge, the microbial occurrence in this type of environment has not previously been investigated..

THE FEATURES OF BIODESTRUCTION PROCESSES OF THE SURFACES OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTIONS

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Vasilenko ◽  
Marina Vasilenko ◽  
Elena Goncharova ◽  
Elena Goncharova ◽  
Yury Rubanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Mechanical Action ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Hydraulic Engineering ◽  
Optimal Conditions

The surfaces of building materials of hydrotechnical constructions undergo the process of algae biofouling. The degree of damage depends on the environmental factors that are affect-ed by the level of anthropogenic load areas. Modeling the biofouling process of concrete with algae under laboratory conditions has allowed determining their impact on the building ma-terial, accompanied by changes in chemical and mineralogical composition of the surface of products. The microscopic examination of sample’s surfaces and evaluation of the effective-ness of various ions leaching from building materials shows the results of "algal attack" relat-ed to the acceleration of biodegradation of materials under the influence of aggressive meta-bolic products, mechanical action neoplasms, creating optimal conditions for the development of subsequent aerobic microbial decomposers. To clarify the nature of chemical processes in the system “algocenosis – concrete” the changes of chemical and phase (mineralogical) com-position of the surface layer of concrete sample were studied. The effect that algae produce on hydraulic engineering constructions is due to the fact that these organisms, belonging to phototrophs and standing at the beginning of the food chain, initiate new microbial growth.

THE FEATURES OF BIODESTRUCTION PROCESSES OF THE SURFACES OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTIONS

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Vasilenko ◽  
Marina Vasilenko ◽  
Elena Goncharova ◽  
Elena Goncharova ◽  
Yury Rubanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Mechanical Action ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Hydraulic Engineering ◽  
Optimal Conditions

The surfaces of building materials of hydrotechnical constructions undergo the process of algae biofouling. The degree of damage depends on the environmental factors that are affect-ed by the level of anthropogenic load areas. Modeling the biofouling process of concrete with algae under laboratory conditions has allowed determining their impact on the building ma-terial, accompanied by changes in chemical and mineralogical composition of the surface of products. The microscopic examination of sample’s surfaces and evaluation of the effective-ness of various ions leaching from building materials shows the results of "algal attack" relat-ed to the acceleration of biodegradation of materials under the influence of aggressive meta-bolic products, mechanical action neoplasms, creating optimal conditions for the development of subsequent aerobic microbial decomposers. To clarify the nature of chemical processes in the system “algocenosis – concrete” the changes of chemical and phase (mineralogical) com-position of the surface layer of concrete sample were studied. The effect that algae produce on hydraulic engineering constructions is due to the fact that these organisms, belonging to phototrophs and standing at the beginning of the food chain, initiate new microbial growth.

Effect of Flyash- Rice Husk Ash Blend in the Energy Efficient Geopolymer Tiles Using Industrial Wastes

2022 ◽  
Vol 1048 ◽  
pp. 403-411
Author(s):  
A. Chithambar Ganesh ◽  
K. Mukilan ◽  
B.P.V. Srikar ◽  
L.V.S. Teja ◽  
K.S.V. Prasad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Heat Curing ◽  
Intensive Approach

Infrastructural developments are inevitable for the developing countries and hence the production of sustainable building materials is promoted worldwide. Sustainable development in the vicinity of tiles is bewildered for more than a decade. Production of conventional tiles such as cement concrete tiles, clay tiles and ceramic tiles is energy intensive approach and levies lot of strain over the adjunct ecosystem. On the other hand there are serious problems related to the disposal of flyash, Rice Husk Ash throughout the world. An approach has been taken to synthesis tiles based on these industrial byproducts as the base materials through Geopolymer technology. In this work, Geopolymer mortar after heat curing is applied as tiles. In this work, Flyash is replaced by Rice Husk Ash in various proportions such as 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 percent. Tests such as workability, flatness, straightness, perpendicularity, water absorption, modulus of rupture and abrasion are conducted and fair results are obtained. This research also portrays the effect of Rise Husk Ash addition over the flyash based Geopolymer binder in the utility as tiles. The findings of this research work encourages the development of energy efficient tiles using industrial wastes. Keywords: Geopolymer, Rice Husk Ash, Tiles

Sulphur Dioxide Emissions during the Firing of Ceramic Bodies Based on Class C Fly Ash

2019 ◽  
Vol 296 ◽  
pp. 149-154
Author(s):  
Radomír Sokolář ◽  
Martin Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Class C

Fluid fuel combustion technology in coal-fired power plants is very popular in the Czech Republic, resulting in a relatively high production of a specific by-product - fluidized fly ash (class C according to ASTM definition), which differs from the classical high-temperature fly ash in mineralogical composition with a high sulphur content of anhydrite CaSO4. Fluidized ash is not yet used in the production of fired building materials, where it could be used as a source of calcium oxide (for example, the production of porous ceramic tiles). However, high volume of sulphur dioxide emissions during the re-firing of fluidized fly ash in ceramic raw materials mixtures has been solved. The aim of the paper is definition of temperature ranges of anhydrite decomposition (formation of SO2 emission) from pure class C (fluidized) fly ashes from different sources (power plants) depending on granulometry of fly ash especially.

“Cement-Free Product” for Settlement of Ceramic Tiles: An Approach for Greener Construction

2014 ◽  
Vol 805 ◽  
pp. 403-408
Author(s):  
Otávio Luiz do Nascimento ◽  
Alexandra Ancelmo Piscitelli Mansur ◽  
Herman Sander Mansur
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Free Product ◽  
Ceramic Tile ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
The Impact

Increased public awareness of the threats posed by global warming has led to greater concern over the impact of anthropogenic carbon emissions on the global climate associated with the level of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. Hence, without radical market, technological, and cultural changes, the CO2 concentrations are expected to rise to unbearable levels within just few decades ahead. The production of cement is estimated to be responsible for approximately 5% of the global carbon dioxide emissions. Consequently, aiming for creating a more sustainable world, engineers and scientists must develop and put into use greener building materials that may revolutionize the entire construction industry. This study presents an innovative product for settlement of ceramic tiles as a potential alternative for replacing the conventional cement based mortar in some specific building applications. Essentially, the novel system is based on a double face polymer-adhesive sheet (“cement-free product”). Thus, the main goal was to evaluate the performance and estimate the durability of the developed system. Pull-off tests were conducted in order to compare this new system to the traditional one, with polymer modified mortar, under different procedures and conditions of cure. In addition, both systems were modeled using Finite Element Method (FEM) to obtain the stresses at the interface between ceramic-tile and adhesive. Based on the results, the recommended limits of bond strength for the innovative “cement-free product” of ceramic tile installation could be lower than those specifications used for the equivalent mortar systems. Therefore, these results give some preliminary evidence that by using the new “cement-free” product for ceramic-tile installation may lead to some increase in the productivity and, more important, in the sustainability of a relevant sector of the construction industry.

scholarly journals Quaternary ammonium biocides as antimicrobial agents protecting historical wood and brick.

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Rajkowska ◽  
Anna Koziróg ◽  
Anna Otlewska ◽  
Małgorzata Piotrowska ◽  
Paulina Nowicka-Krawczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Cladosporium Cladosporioides ◽  
Ionic Surfactant ◽  
Acremonium Strictum ◽  
Rhodococcus Fascians ◽  
Staphylococcus Equorum

Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are widely used in disinfection of water, surfaces and instruments as well as in textile, leather and food industries because of their relatively low toxicity, broad antimicrobial spectrum, non-volatility and chemical stability. Due to these advantages, QACs are also used in restoration and can be applied on historical material. The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of biocides based on quaternary ammonium salts and containing various excipients in the protection of historical materials against microbial growth. The study determined the antimicrobial activity of three biocides against bacteria: Pseudomonas fluorescens, Staphylococcus equorum, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus muralis, Sporosarcina aquimarina and Rhodococcus fascians, and moulds: Chaetomium globosum, Penicillium citreonigrum, Cladosporium cladosporioides I, Acremonium strictum, Aspergillus fumigatus and Cladosporium cladosporioides II, all isolated from historical wood and brick. Staphylococcus equorum, Bacillus cereus, Sporosarcina aquimarina and Rhodococcus fascians bacteria, and Cladosporium cladosporioides I and Acremonium strictum moulds showed high sensitivity to quaternary ammonium biocides. Historical wood can be effectively disinfected by three applications of biocide A (30% v/v) containing dodecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DDAC), citric acid, propiconazole and propanol. Disinfection of historical brick can be carried out by three applications of 6% v/v solutions of biocide B (based on DDAC and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid - EDTA) or biocide C (containing a non-ionic surfactant, DDAC and EDTA). Effective protection of historical building materials against microbial growth for a period of seven days can be achieved by the application of biocide A (30% v/v) on the wood surface and biocide B (6% v/v) on the brick surface.

Ionizing radiation shielding effectiveness of decorative building materials (porcelain and ceramic tiles) used in Bangladeshi dwellings

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 825-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Yasmin ◽  
Mayeen Uddin Khandaker ◽  
Bijoy Sonker Barua ◽  
Md Nurul Mustafa ◽  
Faruque-Uz-Zaman Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Radiation Shielding ◽  
Shielding Effectiveness ◽  
Ceramic Tiles

Building material naturalness: Perceptions from Finland, Norway and Slovenia

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Burnard ◽  
Anders Q. Nyrud ◽  
Kristian Bysheim ◽  
Andreja Kutnar ◽  
Katja Vahtikari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Building Material ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Binary Decision ◽  
User Perceptions ◽  
Positive Experiences

Natural elements, life and life-like processes, as well as representations of them, can produce positive experiences within the built environment. Over the past decade, a number of empirical studies have found experiencing nature, both actively and passively, can reduce stress, increase human well-being, and produce positive emotional experiences. Therefore, in this study, user perceptions of building material naturalness in three European countries, Finland, Norway, and Slovenia were investigated. A survey was conducted in each country to gather user perceptions of the naturalness of 22 building materials. Perceptions were collected in three ways: a binary decision task (e.g. natural or not natural), a seven-point scale from not natural to natural, and an ordered ranking of all specimens from most natural to least natural. The building materials included solid wood, engineered wood-based products, masonry, stone, wallpaper, ceramic tiles, metal, and plastic. Solid wood, stone, and brick were clearly considered more natural than their counterparts with greater degrees of processing. Similarly, wood-based composites with greater degrees of processing were identified as being less natural than materials with less processing. Furthermore, the study found there was agreement between regions on building material naturalness, despite some minor differences.

scholarly journals Elemental composition of some building materials used in Zaria, Kaduna State

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-166
Author(s):  
F. Haruna ◽  
Z.N. Garba ◽  
E.B. Agbaji
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Ceramic Tile ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Plaster Of Paris ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Coloring Agents

This study investigates the elemental composition of Cement, Granite, Ceramic tiles and Plaster of Paris (POP) which are extensively used as building material in Zaria, Kaduna State. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technique was employed in this work to determine the elemental composition of the building materials. The samples were crushed to a fine powder, sieved through a 250 mm mesh and dried in an oven at 1100 C to ensure the complete removal of moisture. The results showed the presence of (Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Fe, Sn, Cl, Ti, S, P, Mn, Co, Zn, Mo, Pb, Cr,V, Cu, Br, Cd, Ba, Hg, and Ni)  in various concentrations. Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Fe, Sn, Cl, Ti and S were available in relatively high concentration in all the samples with P, Mn, Co, Zn, Mo and Pb, found in relatively lower concentrations in some of the samples while Cr and Ni were only present in Ceramic tile samples; which was attributed to coloring agents used in the tile making process. This shows that the elemental composition is in agreement with the composition of the earth crust which is the source of the building materials. The analysis is of importance and useful to the construction industry as well as dwellers of the Zaria built environment. Keyword: Composition, Plaster of Paris, Cement, Granite, Ceramic Tile

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