scholarly journals Modeling Operation of Liquid Metal Fuses When Breaking Overcurrents

2020 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 01060
Author(s):  
A V Kuznetsov ◽  
D S Aleksandrov ◽  
Y P Yurenkov
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Time Moment ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Joint Operation ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
In Series ◽  
Current Limiter ◽  
Temperature Melting

This paper shows that successful switching of extremely high short-circuit currents I> 50 kA can be achieved by joint operation of a liquid-metal self-resetting current limiter and a circuit breaker connected in series. The type NFU-225 device from Mitsubishi was taken as an example. The time-current characteristic of joint operation of a liquid-metal self-resetting current-limiting device and a circuit breaker was compiled. However, further in the article physical processes occurring in a liquid-metal self-resetting current limiter with a complete transformation of fusible unit are considered. The result of work is modelling of operation of liquid-metal fuses when overcurrents are switched off based on the pilot studies obtained by the Japanese scientists. It is proposed to simulate the break process not at every time moment, but at specific time moments (reference points). At other time moments, current and voltage should be considered as approximately linearly changing characteristics. The work of current limiter can be represented by three stages: the pre-arc, the main arc and the final arc. If the current density is less than 1000 A/mm2, then the pre-arc operation stage of the current limiter includes the following sections for heating the fusible unit: primary heating to the melting temperature; melting and its transition to liquid state; secondary heating to evaporation temperature; evaporation of fusible unit.

scholarly journals Active Reduction of Short-Circuit Current in Power Distribution Systems

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 334
Author(s):  
Esteban Pulido ◽  
Luis Morán ◽  
Felipe Villarroel ◽  
José Silva
Keyword(s):  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Power Converter ◽  
Power Distribution Systems ◽  
Power Distribution System ◽  
In Series

In this paper, a new concept of short-circuit current (SCC) reduction for power distribution systems is presented and analyzed. Conventional fault current limiters (FCLs) are connected in series with a circuit breaker (CB) that is required to limit the short-circuit current. Instead, the proposed scheme consisted of the parallel connection of a current-controlled power converter to the same bus intended to reduce the amplitude of the short-circuit current. This power converter was controlled to absorb a percentage of the short-circuit current from the bus to reduce the amplitude of the short-circuit current. The proposed active short-circuit current reduction scheme was implemented with a cascaded H-bridge power converter and tested by simulation in a 13.2 kV industrial power distribution system for three-phase faults, showing the effectiveness of the short-circuit current attenuation in reducing the maximum current requirement in all circuit breakers connected to the same bus. The paper also presents the design characteristics of the power converter and its associated control scheme.

scholarly journals A Compound Current Limiter and Circuit Breaker

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Heidary ◽  
Hamid Radmanesh ◽  
Ali Bakhshi ◽  
Kumars Rouzbehi ◽  
Edris Pouresmaeil
Keyword(s):  
Voltage Drop ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Fault Current ◽  
Fault Current Limiter ◽  
System A ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
Compound Type ◽  
In Series ◽  
Current Limiter

The protection of sensitive loads against voltage drop is a concern for the power system. A fast fault current limiter and circuit breaker can be a solution for rapid voltage recovery of sensitive loads. This paper proposes a compound type of current limiter and circuit breaker (CLCB) which can limit fault current and fast break to adjust voltage sags at the protected buses. In addition, it can act as a circuit breaker to open the faulty line. The proposed CLCB is based on a series L-C resonance, which contains a resonant transformer and a series capacitor bank. Moreover, the CLCB includes two anti-parallel power electronic switches (a diode and an IGBT) connected in series with bus couplers. In order to perform an analysis of CLCB performance, the proposed structure was simulated using MATLAB. In addition, an experimental prototype was built, tested, and the experimental results were reported. Comparisons show that experimental results were in fair agreement with the simulation results and confirm CLCB’s ability to act as a fault current limiter and a circuit breaker.

scholarly journals Application of Superconducting Fault Current Limiter in Power Grid - Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Vipul Sharma ◽  
Mrs. Madhu Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Short Circuit ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Fault Current ◽  
Fault Current Limiter ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Superconducting Fault Current Limiter ◽  
Electric Equipment ◽  
Generation Capacity ◽  
Current Limiter

Introduction of Distributed Energy Sources (DES) is the highest change happening to the distribution network. This paper describes different types of current limiting methods which reduce the magnitude of the fault current. The interconnected distributed energy sources to the conventional grid improves the power generation capacity of the power system but also increases the magnitude of fault current which cannot tolerate by the short-circuit ratings of the circuit breaker, relays, isolator etc. This paper reviews on the innovative electric equipment i.e. Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (SFCL), which reduces fault current magnitude in first cycle of fault current. Keywords: Distributed Energy Sources, Fault current, Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (SFCL), Protection Equipment.

scholarly journals Interrupting Short-Circuit Direct Current Using an AC Circuit Breaker in Series with a Reactor

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saurabh Kulkarni ◽  
Surya Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Direct Current ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Fault Current ◽  
Overcurrent Protection ◽  
Dc Fault ◽  
Rlc Circuit ◽  
In Series ◽  
Filter Capacitor

This paper describes and demonstrates the principle and efficacy of a novel direct current fault interruption scheme using a reactor in series with a controlled rectifier and a conventional AC circuit breaker. The presence of the series reactor limits the capacitive discharge current from the DC filter capacitor at the output terminals of the phase-controlled rectifier. In addition, the series reactor along with the filter capacitor forms an underdamped series RLC circuit which forces the fault current to oscillate about zero. This synthetic alternating current can then be interrupted using a conventional AC circuit breaker. The selection criteria for the series reactor and overcurrent protection are presented as well. Using the proposed scheme for an example case, a DC fault current magnitude is reduced from 56 kA to 14 kA, while the interruption time is reduced from 44 ms to 25 ms.

scholarly journals Application of Superconducting Fault Current Limiter in Power Grid - Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Vipul Sharma ◽  
Mrs. Madhu Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Short Circuit ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Fault Current ◽  
Fault Current Limiter ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Superconducting Fault Current Limiter ◽  
Electric Equipment ◽  
Generation Capacity ◽  
Current Limiter

Introduction of Distributed Energy Sources (DES) is the highest change happening to the distribution network. This paper describes different types of current limiting methods which reduce the magnitude of the fault current. The interconnected distributed energy sources to the conventional grid improves the power generation capacity of the power system but also increases the magnitude of fault current which cannot tolerate by the short-circuit ratings of the circuit breaker, relays, isolator etc. This paper reviews on the innovative electric equipment i.e. Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (SFCL), which reduces fault current magnitude in first cycle of fault current. Keywords: Distributed Energy Sources, Fault current, Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (SFCL), Protection Equipment.

A Type of Depth Fault Current Limiter Based on Fast Switch and its Experimental Research

2014 ◽  
Vol 521 ◽  
pp. 213-216
Author(s):  
Li Jun Qin ◽  
Xiao Teng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Fault Current ◽  
Fault Current Limiter ◽  
Fault Currents ◽  
Current Limiter

Along with the expansion of power system, the rapid growth of load in power system and large capacity generators continuously going into operation, the increasing of short-circuit current level cause a serious threat to the security of the power system. The contradiction between high fault currents and limited circuit breaker interrupting capacity is prominent, in order to limit high short-circuit current, reduce the energy loss of traditional fault current limiter, and improve the limiting depth, this paper presents an new fault current limiter (FCL), and analysis its ability of limiting short current.

scholarly journals Development of Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker

2020 ◽  
pp. 149-152
Author(s):  
K. Siva Shankar ◽  
D. Gayatri ◽  
Ganesh B ◽  
T. Ramarao ◽  
N. Sai Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Electronic Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Current Transformer ◽  
Short Period ◽  
In Series ◽  
Fast Acting

The rapid increase in population has more demand and consumption of electrical energy in the market, use of equipments such as electrical and electronic components are also costlier. In order to protect the system from overload, or short circuit here is one possibility, which is by fast acting electronic circuit breaker. A circuit breaker is an automatically operating switch designed to shut down the power supply when it is overloaded. The tripping depends on the current passing through the CT’s which is connected in series with load. The project is designed to develop the power supply which shuts down when it is overloaded by using a fast acting electronic circuit breaker. The concept of developing a electronic circuit breaker came into focus realizing that the conventional circuit breakers such as MCB’s and fuse take longer time to trip. Therefore for sensitive loads it is very important to activate the tripping mechanism within short period of time. We know that the Modern technologies are paramount to provide operational reliability and financial profitability, so it is very important to develop an electronic circuit breaker by using a micro controller arduino. Here an electronic circuit breaker is designed using arduino in which program is dumped and a particular is set so that the system can shut down when it is overloaded. Here the voltage is sensed and rectified to DC and then it is compared with a preset voltage by a level comparator to generate an output that drives a relay to trip the load. The relay is preferred in place of semiconductors because such solid state switches would invariably fail in case of accidental short circuits. This project is designed to overcome the drawback of thermal type of circuit breaker like MCB based on a thermal bimetal lever trip mechanism which is very slow. This project is based on the current sensing across a series element typically a CT (Current Transformer). The current sensed which is compared against the preset value proportional to the voltage by comparator which is inbuilt in arduino to generate an output that drives a relay to trip the load very fast.

scholarly journals Development and Testing of a 252 kV/2500 A-40 kA Multi-Break Bus-Coupler Fast Vacuum Circuit Breaker

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4285
Author(s):  
Kui Ma ◽  
Xiaofei Yao ◽  
Luyang Zhang ◽  
Shaogui Ai ◽  
Shuhong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Velocity ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Vacuum Circuit Breaker ◽  
In Series ◽  
Short Circuit Fault

It is effective to open the bus-coupler circuit breaker in case of a short-circuit fault. A fast vacuum circuit breaker (FVCB) is an ideal bus-coupler circuit breaker due to its high velocity. The objective of this study was to develop and test a 252 kV/2500 A-40 kA multi-break bus-coupler FVCB. The 252 kV FVCB contained 12 FVCB units. Each phase consisted of four FVCB units connected in series. Each FVCB unit had an electromagnetic repulsion mechanism with an average opening velocity reaching 6.5 m/s. Test results showed the opening time was 1.11 ± 0.08 ms. The capacitance of the voltage grading capacitor of each break was determined to be 10 nF. The prototype 252 kV bus-coupler FVCB passed all partial test duties according to the IEC 62271-100: 2008 and IEC 62271-1: 2007 standards, which include an insulation test and a terminal fault test among others. A 252 kV/2500 A-40 kA multi-break bus-coupler FVCB can be used to quickly cut off a short-circuit fault and effectively limit a short-circuit current.

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