scholarly journals Performance of an internet data center refrigeration system using an evaporative cooler

2020 ◽  
Vol 194 ◽  
pp. 01027
Author(s):  
Shibo Zhao ◽  
Yonghui Zhang ◽  
Yunqi Nie ◽  
Pengyu Qu ◽  
Wenqiang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Heat And Mass Transfer ◽  
Data Center ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Evaporative Cooler ◽  
Internet Data Center

The traditional refrigeration method of internet data center (IDC) is mostly air refrigeration, which has undesired cooling effect and high power consumption. This study addresses this problem and proposes an evaporative air cooler (EAC) suitable for IDC. Given the high specific heat capacity of water, the evaporative condensing coil and spray device are added to the evaporative cooler to enhance the heat transfer effect. Heat and mass transfer mathematical models are established to analyze the heat transfer performance. The mathematical model is used to simulate the profile of the heat and mass transfer coefficient of the EAC with the amount of spray water and air flow. The results show that when the air flow changes from 10 to 20 kg/s, the air equivalent heat transfer coefficient increases by about 41%. When the air flow rate is 20 kg/s and the spray water volume is 0.00124 kg/(mꞏs), the total heat transfer coefficient is increased by about 308% compared with the case without spray water.

Heat and Mass Transfer Processes and the Performance Evaluation in Single-Slope Solar Stills

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Aderibigbe
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Heat And Mass Transfer ◽  
Glass Cover ◽  
Transfer Processes ◽  
Mass Transfer Processes ◽  
Basin Water ◽  
The Heat Transfer Coefficient

The paper reviews the present understanding of the analysis of the heat and mass transfer processes in single-slope solar stills. By using the results of published experiments, it is proposed that the heat and mass transfer phenomena from the basin water to the glass cover are coupled. This coupling makes it possible to derive the dependence of the heat transfer coefficient for condensation on the inclination of the glass cover of the still. The derived relation, i.e., Nucon = 0.738 (Grcon*Prcon*sin β/Ja*)¼ A−1 where A is the aspect ratio, has been demonstrated to be an important expression for predicting the heat transfer coefficient for condensation hcon necessary for a more realistic evaluation of the overall efficiency of single-slope solar still of a given cover angle β.

Numerical Study on Heat and Mass Transfer of Plate Falling Film Absorber with Wire-Meshed Fins

2012 ◽  
Vol 204-208 ◽  
pp. 4305-4314
Author(s):  
Jing Jing Zhang ◽  
Dan Dan Zhao ◽  
Lu Chun Wan ◽  
Bao Huai Zhang ◽  
Ya Ping Chen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Heat And Mass Transfer ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Mass Transfer Process ◽  
Falling Film ◽  
Better Than

A mathematical model of heat and mass transfer process in plate falling film absorber with wire-meshed fins was developed. The model could predict temperature and concentration distribution as well as the solution side heat transfer coefficient and the absorption rate. The results verify that heat and mass transfer performance of the plate falling film absorber with wire-meshed fins is better than the past absorber. Compared with the plate falling film absorber without fins, heat transfer coefficient of the absorber in this article increases 1.06 times and the absorption rate increases 2.32 times.

scholarly journals Heat and mass transfer effects on the peristaltic flow of Sisko fluid in a curved channel

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 331-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raheel Ahmed ◽  
Nasir Ali ◽  
Khurram Javid
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Heat And Mass Transfer ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Sherwood Number ◽  
Curved Channel ◽  
Sisko Fluid

In the present study heat and mass transfer phenomena in flow of non-Newtonian Sisko fluid induced by peristaltic activity through a curved channel have been investigated numerically using an implicit finite difference scheme. The governing equations are formulated in terms of curvilinear co-ordinates with appropriate boundary conditions. Numerically solution is carried out under long wavelength and low Reynolds number assumptions. The velocity field, pressure rise per wavelength, stream function, temperature, and concentration fields have been analyzed for the effects of curvature parameter, viscosity parameter, and power law index. Additionally, the computation for heat transfer coefficient and Sherwood number carried out for selected thermophysical parameters. The main results that are extracted out this study is that for strong shear-thinning biofluids (power-law rheological index, n < 1) the flow exhibits the boundary-layer character near the boundary walls. Both temperature and mass concentration are found to increase with increasing the generalized ratio of infinite shear rate viscosity to the consistency index. The amplitude of heat transfer coefficient and Sherwood number is also an increasing function of generalized ratio of infinite shear rate viscosity to the consistency index.

An Inverse Method for Drying at High Mass Transfer Biot Number

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gligor H. Kanevce ◽  
Ljubica P. Kanevce ◽  
George S. Dulikravich ◽  
Marcelo J. Colac¸o
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Mass Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Heat And Mass Transfer ◽  
Biot Number ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Coefficient ◽  
The Heat Transfer Coefficient

The inverse problem of using temperature measurements to estimate the moisture content and temperature-dependent moisture diffusivity together with the heat and mass transfer coefficients is analyzed in this paper. In the convective drying practice, usually the mass transfer Biot number is very high and the heat transfer Biot number is very small. This leads to a very small temperature sensitivity coefficient with respect to the mass transfer coefficient when compared to the temperature sensitivity coefficient with respect to the heat transfer coefficient. Under these conditions the relative error of the estimated mass transfer coefficient is high. To overcome this problem, in this paper the mass transfer coefficient is related to the heat transfer coefficient through the analogy between the heat and mass transfer processes in the boundary layer. The resulting parameter estimation problem is then solved by using a hybrid constrained optimization algorithm OPTRAN.

Numerical investigation of heat and mass transfer during hydrogen sorption in a mixture of AB2 – AB5 metal hydride for hydrogen storage

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mapula Lucey Moropeng ◽  
Andrei Kolesnikov ◽  
Mykhaylo Lototskyy ◽  
Avhafunani Mavhungu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Activation Energy ◽  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Heat And Mass Transfer ◽  
Metal Hydride ◽  
Sorption Process ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Hydrogen Sorption

AbstractThis paper presents the investigation of a two dimensional coupled model of heat and mass transfer in a mixture of AB2 – AB5 metal hydride (MH) systems of a cylindrical configuration during hydrogen sorption using COMSOL 5.3a commercial software. The parametric study on the sorption process has been studied with variation of heat transfer coefficient (HTC), and activation energy (AE) to understand the effects they have on the reaction kinetics of the sorption process. The simulation results demonstrate the importance of mutual dependence between the temperature propagation in the body of metal hydride, the absorbed concentration of the hydrogen gas, and the gas pressure for the absorption of hydrogen gas in metal hydrides. The decrease in the activation energy is found to have significant effect on the dynamic performances of hydrogen absorption in the MH reactors with an increased amount of hydrogen conversion, whilst the variation of heat transfer coefficient displayed insignificant change in hydrogen conversion. The simulated results show good agreement with the experimental results obtained from HYSA Systems and were implemented for use in the STILL RX60-30L electric forklift fuel cell applications designed by HYSA Systems in the University of the Western Cape.

scholarly journals AFFECTING PARAMETERS TO THE HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER OF NH3-H2O SOLUTION FALLING ON THE HORIZONTAL ROUND TUBE

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
NGUYEN HIEU NGHIA ◽  
LE CHI HIEP ◽  
DUONG CONG TRUYEN
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Heat And Mass Transfer ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
Absorption Refrigeration ◽  
Absorption Process ◽  
The Heat Transfer Coefficient

The absorption process has been confirmed as the most important process in absorption refrigeration machines in terms of improving their total efficiency. One of the key research directions is the selection of absorber structure which is expected to be fabricated in Vietnam without demand of new infrastructure investment. In this study, a local model of the coupled heat and mass transfer during absorption process of NH3 vapor by a NH3-H2O diluted solution flowing over horizontal round tubes of an absorber was made. The heat transfer coefficient obtained from the coupled heat and mass transfer mathematic model. This heat transfer coefficient is used to calculate the variation of the simulated value of heat load. The correlations which give the heat transfer coefficient and mass transfer coefficient in the absorption process in range of solution concentration ω = 28% ÷ 31%, solution mass flow rate per unit tube length Γ = 0.001 ÷ 0.03 kgm-1s-1, coolant temperature twater = 28 oC ÷ 38 oC are set as two functions. The practical decrease of wetted ratio analyses were taken into account when the solution flow from the top to the bottom of the parallel tube bundle. The deviation of theoretical heat load and experimental heat load is about 12.3%. Based on these simulations, the theoretical studies were done for absorption refrigeration system in order to narrow the working area where the experiments later focused on. The results of this study will be the basis for subsequent application research of falling film absorbers.

Effect of Pin Tip Dual Clearance on Flow and Heat Transfer at Low Reynolds Numbers

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Seibert ◽  
Neal E. Blackwell ◽  
Danesh K. Tafti
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Heat And Mass Transfer ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Low Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Microchannel Reactors ◽  
Pin Fins ◽  
The Heat Transfer Coefficient

This paper examines the augmentation of heat and mass transfer due to dual clearances on cylindrical pin fins, relative to a channel between parallel plates, in mini/microchannel reactors at low Reynolds numbers. In this work, diffusion limitations to heat and mass transfer in smooth-walled mini/microchannel reactors were minimized by the implementation of microcylinder pin fins with dual clearances that, (1) promote the production of instabilities in the wakes that enhance mixing and (2) reduce the viscosity dominated regions at pin-wall interfaces. A smooth catalyst coating is assumed on all exposed surfaces of the microchannel interior walls and pin fins. Due to the analogy of heat and mass transfer, augmentation of the Nusselt number is equivalent to the augmentation of the Sherwood number. Heat transfer augmentation is investigated in air (Pr = 0.705) at dual clearances ranging from 0 to 0.4 of the channel height and Reynolds numbers from 10 to 600. The pin fins and the clearance augmented the heat transfer coefficient by a factor of 4.0. The combination of the augmentation of the heat transfer coefficient and the increase in the surface area, by the clearances, results in an increase in the conductance over a plane channel, by a factor of 7.1. The results are extendable to overcoming laminar diffusion with laminar periodic wakes of fuel vapors such as methanol vapor in air where Scfuel ∼ Prair. For turbulent wakes impinging upon downstream pins, the results can be extended to fuel vapors with (Scfuel)turb ∼ (Prair)turb. A large eddy simulation (LES) approach was used in this study.

Analysis of Coupled Heat and Mass Transfer During Condensation of High Temperature Glide Zeotropic Mixtures in Small Channels

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian M. Fronk ◽  
Srinivas Garimella
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Heat And Mass Transfer ◽  
Relative Significance ◽  
Liquid Phases ◽  
Liquid Heat ◽  
Small Channels ◽  
Film Heat Transfer

Condensing zeotropic mixtures have the potential to improve the thermodynamic performance of power generating, cooling, and heating systems. Further improvements can be realized by developing equipment using mini- and microchannels. However, it has been shown that the concentration gradients arising from the changing composition of the vapor and liquid phases during condensation introduce additional mass transfer resistances, degrading the overall heat transfer. Furthermore, the coupled heat and mass transfer in mixtures at this scale is not well understood. Results from experiments on condensation of ammonia/water mixtures at varying concentration (80–100% NH3), mass flux (G = 50 − 200 kg m−2 s−1), and tube diameter (D = 0.98–2.16 mm) are reported here. Other researchers have reported an apparent heat transfer coefficient for zeotropic mixtures, which fails to explicitly account for mass transfer. The present work quantifies the liquid film heat transfer coefficient by accounting for mass transfer through a film model approach, which allows the relative significance of the vapor and liquid heat and mass transfer resistances to be quantified.

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