scholarly journals Parameters for Thermal Energy Systems Resilience

2021 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 08001
Author(s):  
Alexander M. Zhivov
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Cold Climates ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Security Technology ◽  
Critical System ◽  
Climate Conditions

To provide a building design that is robust, adaptable, and affordable, one must understand the aspects of the building’s geographic location that will impact equipment selections, operating hours, and maintenance needs. One must also consider the building’s “thermal resilience,” i.e., its ability to withstand a heating plant outage. Designing for resilience is of growing importance, especially for military and government installations that must maintain critical functions even during outages. Buildings with a fast rate of temperature degradation with the loss of heating system function have low resiliency; buildings with a slower rate of temperature degradation have higher resiliency. In extreme cold climates, resiliency can play an integral role in protecting property during an outage. A drop in indoor temperature can pose a risk of freezing plumbing, which can lead to burst pipes and interior flooding that can cause enormous and costly damage, and which can effect a loss of workspace in an office building. More resilient designs must consider not only building HVAC installations, but also building envelope and the whole energy infrastructure, including thermal capacity of concrete and brick walls, internal water pipes, critical system redundancy, outside insulation without weak points, and a centrally controlled, low carbon hot water heat supply. This paper describes a quantitative approach to evaluate a system’s resiliency based on analytical and experimental studies conducted under IEA EBC Annex 73 and the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP) project Technologies Integration to Achieve Resilient, Low-Energy Military Installations, to evaluate building energy performance in extreme climate conditions. This work recommends that more thermally resilient designs for buildings in cold climates include consideration of increased thermal resistance of the building envelope, improved whole-building airtightness, and higher thermal mass.

Modelling energy use in residential buildings: How design decisions influence final energy performance in various Chilean climates

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Simon ◽  
Javier Ordoñez ◽  
Aymeric Girard ◽  
Cristobal Parrado
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Final Energy ◽  
Effective Manner

To reduce the energy consumption in buildings, there is a demand for tools that identify significant parameters of energy performance. The work presents the development and validation of a simulation model, called MEEDI, and graphical figures for the parametric sensitivity investigation of energy performance in different climates in Chile. The MEEDI is based on the ISO 13790 monthly calculation method of building energy use with two improved procedures for the calculation of the heat transfer through the floor and the solar heat gains. The graphical figures illustrate the effects of climate conditions, envelope components and window size and orientation on the energy consumption. The MEEDI program can contribute to find the best solution to increase energy efficiency in residential buildings. It can be adapted for various parameters, making it useful for future projects. The economic viability of specific measures for building envelope materials was analysed. Payback periods range from 5 to 27 years depending on the location and energy scenario. The study illustrates how building design decisions can have a significant impact on final energy performance. With simple envelope components modification, valuable energy gains and carbon emission reductions can be achieved in a cost-effective manner in Chile.

scholarly journals Energy-Positive House: Performance Assessment through Simulation and Measurement

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4705
Author(s):  
Phillip Jones ◽  
Xiaojun Li ◽  
Ester Coma Bassas ◽  
Emmanouil Perisoglou ◽  
Jo Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Positive Performance ◽  
House Design ◽  
Low Carbon Energy

This paper presents the results for the operating energy performance of the smart operation for a low carbon energy region (SOLCER) house. The house design is based on a ‘systems’ approach, which integrates the building technologies for electrical and thermal energy systems, together with the architectural design. It is based on the concept of ‘energy positive’ buildings, utilising renewable energy systems which form part of the building envelope construction. The paper describes how the building energy model HTB2, with a range of additional ‘plugins’, has been used to simulate specific elements of the design and the overall energy performance of the house. Measurement data have been used in combination with the energy simulation results to evaluate the performance of the building together with its systems, and identifying the energy performance of individual components of the building. The study has indicated that an energy-positive performance can be achieved through an integrative systems approach. The analysis has indicated that the house, under normal occupancy, needs to import about 26% of its energy from the grid, but over the year its potential export to import ratio can reach 1.3:1. The paper discusses the performance gap between design and operation. It also considers the contribution of a transpired solar air collector (TSC) to space heating. The results have been used to gain a detailed understanding of energy-positive performance.

scholarly journals Building Design Influence On The Energy Performance

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Ligia Moga ◽  
I. Moga
Keyword(s):  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Energy Consumptions

Abstract Energy efficient design is a high priority in the national energy strategy of European countries considering the latest requirements of the European Directive on the Energy Performance of Buildings. The residential sector is responsible for a significant quantity of energy consumptions from the total amount of consumptions on a worldwide level. In residential building most of the energy consumptions are given mainly by heating, domestic hot water and lighting. Retrofitting the existing building stock offers great opportunities for reducing global energy consumptions and greenhouse gas emissions. The first part of the paper will address the need of thermal and energy retrofit of existing buildings. The second part will provide an overview on how various variables can influence the energy performance of a building that is placed in all four climatic zones from Romania. The paper is useful for specialist and designers from the construction field in understanding that buildings behave differently from the energy point of view in different climatic regions, even if the building characteristic remain the same.

scholarly journals Energy Performance Optimization in a Condensing Boiler

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Diego Fernández-Cheliz ◽  
Eloy Velasco-Gómez ◽  
Juan Peral-Andrés ◽  
Ana Tejero-González
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Lower Heating Value

In Europe, primary energy consumption in buildings accounts for up to 25–40%, depending on the climate conditions. Space heating and Domestic Hot Water (DHW) contribute significantly to this energy consumption. Among the most common sources for heat generation in these appliances is natural gas. Condensing boilers can surpass the 100% energy performance over the lower heating value, if the operating conditions enable the water vapor in the exhaust gases to condensate. Consequently, optimizing the operating parameters of condensing boilers is necessary to decrease fuel consumption without hindering water heating needs. The present work presents an experimental approach to the operating parameters of a condensing boiler that works with natural gas. The aim is to develop a theoretical model that relates the energy performance to the water temperature set by the final user and the excess air set by the maintenance staff.

Integrating building modelling with future energy systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Industry Practice ◽  
Carbon Performance ◽  
Tools And Techniques ◽  
Integration Project ◽  
The Impact

The low-carbon building design process for a building engineer is often confined to construction, building services and occupancy. However, as we see coincident changes in climate, technologies, fuels and operation, it becomes important to extend this understanding to include wider energy systems, while clarifying the importance of the built environment within that system. With energy systems, such as the National Grid, involving multiple actors from different disciplines, a key challenge is to provide guidance and future projections that are translated into different discipline-specific vernaculars, but with a genesis of common assumptions. More generally, integration across the disciplines must be reflected by modelling approaches, policy-making frameworks and outputs. This article will demonstrate the initial stages of the energy demand research of the Centre of Energy Systems Integration project, where novel modelling techniques are being used to explore the effect of future buildings on national energy systems. Practical application: The tools and techniques described within this article are designed with future industry practice in mind. The driver is the increased importance of external factors outside the traditional building envelope in determining the energy and carbon performance of a building (or buildings). Building engineers, and others within building design teams, require a new portfolio of tools and resources to better account for the impact of buildings on wider energy systems and vice versa. The role of such practitioners is therefore likely to evolve.

scholarly journals Residential Solar-Based Seasonal Thermal Storage Systems in Cold Climates: Building Envelope and Thermal Storage

Energies ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 3972-3985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Hugo ◽  
Radu Zmeureanu
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Thermal Storage ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Cold Climates ◽  
Solar Collectors

The reduction of electricity use for heating and domestic hot water in cold climates can be achieved by: (1) reducing the heating loads through the improvement of the thermal performance of house envelopes, and (2) using solar energy through a residential solar-based thermal storage system. First, this paper presents the life cycle energy and cost analysis of a typical one-storey detached house, located in Montreal, Canada. Simulation of annual energy use is performed using the TRNSYS software. Second, several design alternatives with improved thermal resistance for walls, ceiling and windows, increased overall air tightness, and increased window-to-wall ratio of South facing windows are evaluated with respect to the life cycle energy use, life cycle emissions and life cycle cost. The solution that minimizes the energy demand is chosen as a reference house for the study of long-term thermal storage. Third, the computer simulation of a solar heating system with solar thermal collectors and long-term thermal storage capacity is presented. Finally, the life cycle cost and life cycle energy use of the solar combisystem are estimated for flat-plate solar collectors and evacuated tube solar collectors, respectively, for the economic and climatic conditions of this study.

scholarly journals Dew point temperature analyses in ground floor residential room with existing thermal bridge

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 01017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Field Measurements ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Point Temperature ◽  
Ground Floor ◽  
Dew Point Temperature ◽  
Thermal Bridge ◽  
Infrared Thermal Images

The presented study reveals a dew point temperature analyses in ground floor residential room with existing thermal bridge. The dew point temperature is analysed, based on field measurements of indoor air temperature and relative humidity in the residential room, without organized occupants’ behaviour. Furthermore, the dew point temperature is cross-analysed with existing thermal bridge propagation in one of the outer walls of the room, via infrared thermal images. The results represent a valuable indicator for moisture accumulation over the thermal bridge zone, as well as an indicator for future mold growth and other humidity related problems. In the building design practice, the “thermal bridge” is defined as a distant zone, where construction elements have higher thermal conductivity, compared with the rest of the building envelope. These thermal bridges mostly affect the energy performance of the buildings, because of the higher heat losses from inside towards outside. But even more important, moisture build-up and considerable humidity related problems in the occupied areas are probable, due to the decreased surface temperature over the affected thermal zones.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Impact of the Fireplace Heating on the Energy Performance of the Family House

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-149
Author(s):  
Rastislav Ingeli ◽  
Peter Buday
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Energy Class ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
The Impact

Reduction of energy use in buildings is an important measure to achieve climate changes of mitigation. It is essential to minimize heat losses when designing energy efficient buildings. For energy efficient building in a cold climate, a large part of the space heating demand is caused by transmission losses through the building envelope. In compliance with the today's trend of designing sustainable and energy-saving architecture, it is necessary firstly to solve the factors influencing the energy balance. This year the subsidy for houses has been valued at € 8,000. The condition is that the building is classified in the energy class A0 according to the Energy Performance Act. Energy class A0 characterizes nearly zero energy buildings. The main concern is for the public to become interested in such buildings. The subsidy is designed to reward and promote those buildings that their heat and technical characteristics and modern technical equipment that meet energy class. In addition to a good plan to raise the profile of such buildings, there has been a lot of speculation to help make buildings in energy class A0. They are mainly owners of family houses where there is no gasification and are forced to have electricity as a source of heat and hot water. Electricity has a high primary energy factor, which means that buildings do not have to be approved.

scholarly journals Requirements for Building Thermal Conditions under Emergency Operations in Cold Climates

2021 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 08003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander M. Zhivov ◽  
William B. Rose ◽  
Raymond E. Patenaude ◽  
W. Jon Williams
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Emergency Operation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Thermal Parameters ◽  
Cold Climates ◽  
Security Technology ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Public And Private Sector

This paper provides recommendations on thermal and moisture parameters in different types of buildings under emergency operation in cold/arctic climates. We consider three scenarios under normal operating conditions: occupied, temporarily unoccupied, and long-term unoccupied. These thermal parameters are necessary to: (1) perform required work safely and efficiently, (2) support building processes, and (3) support long-term integrity of the building under emergency conditions (i.e., interruption of fuel, steam, hot water, and electrical service that interrupts building space conditioning). Under emergency conditions, requirements of thermal parameters for different categories of buildings may change. Mission critical areas can be conditioned to levels that support the agility of personnel who perform critical operations, but not to optimal comfort levels. Critical process requirements are given priority. This paper was developed for military applications, based on research performed under the International Energy Agency’s Energy in Buildings and Communities Program, Annex 73; under the Department of Defense Environmental Security Technology Certification Program project EW18-D1-5281, “Technologies Integration to Achieve Resilient, Low-Energy Military Installations,” and under the Office of the Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Army project “Thermal Energy Systems Resiliency for Army Installations located in cold climates.” Results are applicable to similar public and private sector buildings.

Analysis of Green Building Design in the Northeast Cold Region

2013 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 976-979
Author(s):  
Hui Xing Li ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Guo Hui Feng
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Water System ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Local Conditions

Green residential building is energy conservation, environmental protection, healthy and comfortable and stress efficiency. Green building respects the local natural and humanities, climate. Adjust measures to local conditions, use local materials, so there is no definite construction patterns and rules. In this paper a green residential buildings from Shenyang, focus on the analysis of the well insulated building envelope, radiant floor heating system with control system, solar hot water system in the building. At the same time, analysis of the energy saving technology can reduce energy consumption and CO2 emissions compare with "Residential building energy saving design standards "at Liaoning area. The project gives some experience to other designers in the process of green buildings design and promotes it constructed in the northeastern regions.

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