scholarly journals Thermal environment assessment in selected Polish educational buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 15004
Author(s):  
Luiza Dębska ◽  
Justyna Krakowiak
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Air ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Thermal Preference ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Indoor Thermal Environment ◽  
Environment Assessment ◽  
Educational Buildings ◽  
The City

The paper presents experimental results of a study on indoor thermal environment in selected educational buildings located in the city of Kielce (Poland). The volunteers in the investigated rooms were asked to fill in the anonymous questionnaires containing questions on their thermal sensation, thermal preference and thermal acceptability votes as well as humidity assessment and humidity preference votes. In total, 83 people completed the questionnaires. Simultaneously, the indoor air parameters were measured with a microlimate meter equipped with precision sensors to measure air and globe temperatures, air velocity and relative humidity. The analysis of the obtained results provides information on the subjective assessment of the thermal environment in the considered rooms. It allowed to assess whether the guidelines given in the standard are consistent with the real feeling of comfort of the respondents. Research in the performed scope has shown that the feelings of the respondents and the standard guidelines diverge. It was noticed that that the subjects definitely felt better in the rooms where the temperature was around 22.5°C. The subjects felt worse at the temperature of 25.3°C and the worst of 27.6°C.

Field Survey on Occupant Thermal Comfort of Cold Regions in Transition Season

2013 ◽  
Vol 805-806 ◽  
pp. 1620-1624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Ying Qu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Cold Regions ◽  
Indoor Thermal Environment ◽  
Transition Season

A thermal comfort field study was investigated in residential buildings of cold regions in transition season during which the indoor thermal environment conditions are measured, the thermal sensation value of the occupants is questioned and recorded. A seven-point thermal sensation scale was used to evaluate the thermal sensation. The statistical method was used to analyze the data and the conclusions are as follows in transition season: clothing increase in 0.1clo when the indoor air temperature is lowered by 1°C; and clothing will be a corresponding increase in 0.06clo when the outdoor air temperature is lowered by 1°C; clothing also varies with gender, age, weight and thermal history and other related; the measured thermal neutral temperature is 21.3°C; and the minimum accepted temperature is 11.4 °C in transition season in cold regions. Most people choose to change clothes, switch and other passive measures, and occasionally take active measures of heater, electric fans and others.

scholarly journals Does a neutral thermal sensation determine thermal comfort?

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Shahzad ◽  
John Brennan ◽  
Dimitris Theodossopoulos ◽  
John K Calautit ◽  
Ben R Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Thermal Preference ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Comfort Zone ◽  
Indoor Thermal Environment ◽  
Human Thermal Comfort ◽  
Comfort Condition

The neutral thermal sensation (neither cold, nor hot) is widely used through the application of the ASHRAE seven-point thermal sensation scale to assess thermal comfort. This study investigated the application of the neutral thermal sensation and it questions the reliability of any study that solely relies on neutral thermal sensation. Although thermal-neutrality has already been questioned, still most thermal comfort studies only use this measure to assess thermal comfort of the occupants. In this study, the connection of the occupant’s thermal comfort with thermal-neutrality was investigated in two separate contexts of Norwegian and British offices. Overall, the thermal environment of four office buildings was evaluated and 313 responses (three times a day) to thermal sensation, thermal preference, comfort, and satisfaction were recorded. The results suggested that 36% of the occupants did not want to feel neutral and they considered thermal sensations other than neutral as their comfort condition. Also, in order to feel comfortable, respondents reported wanting to feel different thermal sensations at different times of the day suggesting that occupant desire for thermal comfort conditions may not be as steady as anticipated. This study recommends that other measures are required to assess human thermal comfort, such as thermal preference. Practical application: This study questions the application of neutral thermal sensation as the measure of thermal comfort. The findings indicate that occupant may consider other sensations than neutral as comfortable. This finding directly questions the standard comfort zone (e.g. ASHRAE Standard 55) as well as the optimum temperature, as many occupants required different thermal sensations at different times of the day to feel comfortable. These findings suggest that a steady indoor thermal environment does not guarantee thermal comfort and variations in the room temperature, which can be controlled by the occupant, need to be considered as part of the building design.

scholarly journals Indoor Thermal Environment of Various Semi-Enclosed Atrium Configurations of Institutional Building in Tropical Climate

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-48
Author(s):  
Wardah Fatimah Mohammad Yusoff
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Tropical Climate ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Indoor Thermal Environment ◽  
Heat Penetration ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys ◽  
Involved Field

The consideration of local climate is essential for the application of atrium in building. Different strategies and approaches in atrium configuration are required for different climates in ensuring its effectiveness.  Nevertheless, the final aim is still similar which is to provide a comfortable environment for the users. Hence, this study was executed to examine the effects of top and side configurations on the indoor thermal environment of semi-enclosed atrium in the tropical climate. The methodologies involved field measurement and questionnaire survey. The field measurements were executed at two different configurations of semi-enclosed atriums in the tropical climate of Malaysia. Meanwhile, the questionnaire surveys were executed simultaneously with the field measurements in obtaining the users’ thermal sensation and satisfaction. The findings indicated that the top configuration had more influence to the indoor thermal environment compared to the side configuration as it determined the amount of solar heat penetration into the atrium area. Meanwhile, the side configuration influenced the air velocity inside the atrium. The Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment’s atrium that has opaque top finishes was found to have the average indoor operative temperature of less than 30 °C throughout the day, though the average outdoor air temperature was more than 30 °C. It also had more hours with neutral thermal sensation felt by the users compared to the Faculty of Economics and Management’s atrium that has transparent materials for the top finishes. The study is useful in guiding the selection of appropriate strategy for an atrium in tropical climate

Evaluation of Indoor Thermal Environment in a Radiant-Cooled-Floor Office Building in Malaysia

2014 ◽  
Vol 564 ◽  
pp. 228-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Jie Kwong ◽  
Mohamad Afri Arsad ◽  
Nor Mariah Adam
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Variable Air Volume ◽  
Indoor Thermal Environment ◽  
Radiant Cooling ◽  
Comfort Parameters

This paper presents the findings of a thermal comfort survey conducted in a tropical green office building. The building was installed with a slab-integrated radiant cooling system, which operated concurrently with an integrated variable-air-volume system. Evaluation of indoor thermal environment was made, where both objective and subjective assessments were carried out. The air temperature, air velocity, relative humidity and surface temperatures were measured by using calibrated sensors. Based on the data collected from the field assessment, the thermal comforts indices with expectancy factor were calculated. The results showed that thermal comfort parameters were within the comfort range specified in a local guideline, except for the air velocity profile. Besides, discrepancy between the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) with expectancy factor and Actual Mean Vote (AMV) was found, which showed that the former still overestimated the thermal sensation of occupants although an expectancy factor of 0.5 was used.

scholarly journals Energy-saving potential of intermittent heating system: Influence of composite phase change wall and optimization strategy

2020 ◽  
pp. 014459872096921
Author(s):  
Yanru Li ◽  
Enshen Long ◽  
Lili Zhang ◽  
Xiangyu Dong ◽  
Suo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Optimization Strategy ◽  
Indoor Thermal Environment ◽  
Indoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Intermittent Heating

In the Yangtze River zone of China, the heating operation in buildings is mainly part-time and part-space, which could affect the indoor thermal comfort while making the thermal process of building envelope different. This paper proposed to integrate phase change material (PCM) to building walls to increase the indoor thermal comfort and attenuate the temperature fluctuations during intermittent heating. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of this kind of composite phase change wall (composite-PCW) on the indoor thermal environment and energy consumption of intermittent heating, and further develop an optimization strategy of intermittent heating operation by using EnergyPlus simulation. Results show that the indoor air temperature of the building with the composite-PCW was 2–3°C higher than the building with the reference wall (normal foamed concrete wall) during the heating-off process. Moreover, the indoor air temperature was higher than 18°C and the mean radiation temperature was above 20°C in the first 1 h after stopping heating. Under the optimized operation condition of turning off the heating device 1 h in advance, the heat release process of the composite-PCW to the indoor environment could maintain the indoor thermal environment within the comfortable range effectively. The composite-PCW could decrease 4.74% of the yearly heating energy consumption compared with the reference wall. The optimization described can provide useful information and guidance for the energy saving of intermittently heated buildings.

scholarly journals An Interactive Task Conditioning System Featuring Personal Comfort Models and Non-Intrusive Sensing Techniques: A Field Study in Shanghai

Technologies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Siliang Lu ◽  
Erica Cochran Hameen
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Dynamic Task ◽  
Current Task ◽  
Open Plan

Heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems play a key role in shaping office environments. However, open-plan office buildings nowadays are also faced with problems like unnecessary energy waste and an unsatisfactory shared indoor thermal environment. Therefore, it is significant to develop a new paradigm of an HVAC system framework so that everyone could work under their preferred thermal environment and the system can achieve higher energy efficiency such as task ambient conditioning system (TAC). However, current task conditioning systems are not responsive to personal thermal comfort dynamically. Hence, this research aims to develop a dynamic task conditioning system featuring personal thermal comfort models with machine learning and the wireless non-intrusive sensing system. In order to evaluate the proposed task conditioning system performance, a field study was conducted in a shared office space in Shanghai from July to August. As a result, personal thermal comfort models with indoor air temperature, relative humidity and cheek (side face) skin temperature have better performances than baseline models with indoor air temperature only. Moreover, compared to personal thermal satisfaction predictions, 90% of subjects have better performances in thermal sensation predictions. Therefore, personal thermal comfort models could be further implemented into the task conditioning control of TAC systems.

Study on Improving Thermal Environment of College Dormitory in Chongqing

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 2849-2853
Author(s):  
Hong Yin Ou ◽  
Fang Liu ◽  
Qing Long Song ◽  
Long Xing Yu
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Thermal Discomfort ◽  
Indoor Thermal Environment ◽  
Simulation Results

To improve the low air velocity above the bed areas during the night in hot summer, the reformed plan for the college dormitory fan was presented.The indoor environment was simulated by the software Airpak3.0 to compaire the fan with both no diversion deflector and diversion deflector (the deflector angles are 60°, 120° and 160°) respectively. And a field test was conducted to confirm the simulation results. The results show that the indoor thermal environment above the bed areas has been improved inordinately if adding a deflector with different angles. The air velocity can be increased by 0.15m/s at most when the deflector angle is 160°, yet the airflow displays most evenly with the 120° deflector angle. Meanwhile, the temperature and thermal discomfort have been decreased. The variation of the simulation and measurement values tends to be consistent, so it suggests the fan installing the diversion deflector may improve the thermal environment of college dormitory.

scholarly journals Thermal comfort in the low energy building - validation and modification of the Fanger model

2021 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 15003
Author(s):  
Natalia Krawczyk
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Thermal Comfort Model ◽  
The Impact

Nowadays, we spend most of our time inside buildings. Thus, ensuring adequate thermal comfort is an important issue. The paper discusses the issue of thermal comfort assessment in the intelligent low energy building “Energis” of Kielce University of Technology (Poland). The tests conducted in a selected lecture theater focused on collecting anonymous questionnaires containing thermal sensation and air quality votes of the respondents as well as performing measurements of indoor air parameters (air and globe temperatures, relative humidity, air velocity and CO2 concentration). Based on the obtained data a comparison has been done between the actual sensation votes of the volunteers and the calculation results performed with the Fanger thermal comfort model. Two indices have been considered in the paper: PMV (Predicted Mean Vote) and PPD (Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied). A modification of the model has also been proposed, which considers the impact of the carbon dioxide concentration on thermal comfort.

scholarly journals The effects of building layouts and envelope on indoor thermal environment of Hui style traditional buildings in Wuyuan

2020 ◽  
Vol 194 ◽  
pp. 05013
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Hong ◽  
Guangjin Zhang ◽  
Yufeng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Indoor Thermal Environment ◽  
Adaptive Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Comfort Model

Indoor thermal environment of Hui style traditional houses is depended on surrounding environments, building layouts and envelope. Quantitative analysis of the effects of building layouts and envelope on indoor thermal environment is of great significance for preventions of traditional houses and design of new archaized houses. A field investigation was conducted on thirty-six traditional houses from nine villages in Wuyuan, and the typical buildings’ layout and envelope were determined. Four traditional buildings in different location in Wuyuan were selected for continual recording. The four buildings with four types of building layouts and envelope were analyzed by using local adaptive thermal comfort model, and the effects of building layouts and envelope of traditional buildings were clearly revealed. The most crucial way to improve indoor thermal environment in Hui style traditional buildings was raising the indoor air temperature.

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