scholarly journals Research on joint optimal scheduling of air conditioning load and electric vehicle under demand response

2021 ◽  
Vol 257 ◽  
pp. 01058
Author(s):  
Haiyu Huang ◽  
Chunming Wang ◽  
Shaolian Xia ◽  
Huaqiang Xiong ◽  
Baofeng Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Optimal Scheduling ◽  
Peak Shaving ◽  
Energy Internet ◽  
Direct Load Control ◽  
Scheduling Model

As an important part of energy Internet carrier, demand side resources can participate in many interactions with power grid. In order to reduce the peak to valley load difference of power grid, from the perspective of tapping the combined peak shaving potential of air conditioning load and electric vehicles, guided by TOU price and direct load control, this paper proposes an optimal scheduling model with the minimum load difference and the maximum total revenue of users as the objective function. The results show that the joint optimal scheduling strategy can reduce the peak load and eliminate the “secondary peak load” caused by disorderly charging of electric vehicles.

scholarly journals Developing an Algorithm to Consider Mutliple Demand Response Objectives

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 2621-2626 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Behrens ◽  
T. Schoormann ◽  
R. Knackstedt
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Multiple Objectives ◽  
Load Reduction ◽  
Solution Strategy ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Technological Improvement

Due to technological improvement and changing environment, energy grids face various challenges, which, for example, deal with integrating new appliances such as electric vehicles and photovoltaic. Managing such grids has become increasingly important for research and practice, since, for example, grid reliability and cost benefits are endangered. Demand response (DR) is one possibility to contribute to this crucial task by shifting and managing energy loads in particular. Realizing DR thereby can address multiple objectives (such as cost savings, peak load reduction and flattening the load profile) to obtain various goals. However, current research lacks algorithms that address multiple DR objectives sufficiently. This paper aims to design a multi-objective DR optimization algorithm and to purpose a solution strategy. We therefore first investigate the research field and existing solutions, and then design an algorithm suitable for taking multiple objectives into account. The algorithm has a predictable runtime and guarantees termination.

scholarly journals Optimal Control Strategy of Platform Load Oriented to Network and Load Cooperation

Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Xuesong Shao ◽  
Gaoying Cui ◽  
Xiao Chen ◽  
Xinrong Ji ◽  
Yongxian Yi
Keyword(s):  
Demand Response ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Regional Power ◽  
Active Response ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Flexible Loads ◽  
Flexible Load ◽  
Resource Characteristics ◽  
Grid Operation

In recent years, with the continuous growth of China’s power peak load and the rapid development of renewable energy, a large number of renewable energy sources are connected to the power grid, increasing the uncertainty of power grid operation and posing new major challenges to the power system regulation capacity. Flexible load has the characteristics of wide distribution, fast response, and high economy, which is an important control resource for the future power system. Based on the flexible load of commercial buildings and residential users, this paper studies the resource characteristics and response characteristics, clarifies the resource characteristics and demand response characteristic indexes of commercial and residential users, and establishes the response characteristics model of commercial buildings and residential users. Considering the influence of weather, holidays, incentive mechanism, and other factors on the response of flexible load, the quantitative analysis method of flexible load resource regulation potential for regional power grid dispatching was studied, and the feasibility of flexible load resources directly participating in the load control system was analyzed. Based on the uncertainty and mathematical characterization method of the active response of flexible loads, the optimal combination control strategy of demand response resources was proposed to eliminate the problems of heavy load and overload of regional power grid equipment by using the active response ability of flexible loads. Finally, the IEEE 14-node system is selected for simulation verification, which provides a theoretical basis for alleviating the power grid operation pressure in the peak load period of the power grid in the urban core area, improving the safety and economic operation level of regional power grid dispatching and the utilization rate of power grid equipment assets.

scholarly journals Research on Peak Load Shifting Based on Energy Storage and Air Conditioning Load in Power Grid

2020 ◽  
Vol 546 ◽  
pp. 022021
Author(s):  
Pan Xiao ◽  
Wangyi He ◽  
Houyi Xin ◽  
Tian Kun ◽  
Cui Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Load Shifting

Energetic and Economic Potential for Load Control for Residential Customers in Austin, TX

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkasama Bandyopadhyay ◽  
Julia P. Conger ◽  
Emily A. Beagle ◽  
Michael E. Webber ◽  
Benjamin D. Leibowicz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
Linear Optimization ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Load Control ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Electricity Grid ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
Direct Load Control ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

Abstract This study uses a linear optimization framework to evaluate the effect of different demand response (DR)/load control mechanisms on reduction in peak load and energy consumption from the electricity grid in a home with four major controllable appliances — HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning) systems, electric water heaters (EWHs), electric vehicles (EVs), and pool pumps (PPs). Two incentive-based DR methods and four price-based DR schemes — real time pricing (RTP), time-of-use (TOU) rates, critical peak prices (CPP), and variable peak prices (VPP) — are analyzed. Load reduction potential is evaluated for scenarios where the home has both onsite solar and storage, only solar, and no solar or storage. Results show that, from the utility’s perspective, the optimal load control schemes, which result in greatest reduction in peak load and energy consumption from the grid during peak hours, are CPP and VPP (critical price option). By considering the combined effect of demand response, solar generation, and energy storage systems, this study aims to equip electric utilities with the ability to make decisions about dynamic rate design and direct load control to curtail peak demand and shift energy usage.

scholarly journals The use of photovoltaics and electric vehicles for electricity peak shaving in office buildings

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 00037
Author(s):  
Magdalena Krzywda ◽  
Jakub Jurasz ◽  
Jerzy Mikulik
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Deterministic Model ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Peak Shaving ◽  
Annual Basis ◽  
Installed Capacity ◽  
Data Representative

The use of electric vehicles and photovoltaics is perceived as a viable option to reduce the human impact on the natural environment. This paper investigates the opportunity of managing a fleet of EVs along with PV installation in such a manner that shaves the peak load in an office building. The simulation used hourly load data representative for a small office building located in Cracow (Poland). For the same location hourly irradiation data was obtained. A deterministic model was created and implemented in MS Excel software. The study showed that 30 kW installed capacity in photovoltaics can reduce the observed peak load by 36% (from 19.8 kW to 14.52 kW) in a building consuming on an annual basis 54.7 MWh of electricity. Additionally, an appropriate management of the charging process of electric vehicles can increase the energy from photovoltaics self-consumption and level the observed energy demand in normal office building operating hours.

scholarly journals Utilization of Electric Vehicles Connected to Distribution Substations for Peak Shaving of Utility Network Loads

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Mägi
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Peak Shaving ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Utility Network ◽  
Effective Integration

AbstractUse of modern electric vehicles and their effective integration into power grids depends on the technologies applied around distribution substations. Distribution substations equipped with energy storing and V2G capability enable peak load shaving and demand response, which will reduce the need to make new investments into building new power sources or power grids to meet peak demand. This paper presents a distribution substation topology for utilizing electric vehicles as energy resource units for peak shaving of utility network loads. The topology allows bidirectional energy exchange among electric vehicles, battery pack energy storage devices and utility networks. The substation acts as a service provider in a microgrid. Functions of a microgrid application were simulated with MATLAB. The evaluation of the results has shown that electric vehicles can be effectively utilized for peak shaving of utility network loads. The results of the modelling and simulation were used for the development of a microgrid prototype. Assessment of capacities of electric vehicles showed that electric vehicles can provide short term support for the utility network.

scholarly journals The Influence of Electric Vehicle Charging on Low Voltage Grids with Characteristics Typical for Germany

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Held ◽  
Alexandra Märtz ◽  
Dominik Krohn ◽  
Jonas Wirth ◽  
Martin Zimmerlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Market Penetration ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Grid Topology ◽  
The Impact

The increasing number of electric vehicles poses new challenges to the power grid. Their charging process stresses the power system, as additional energy has to be supplied, especially during peak load periods. This additional load can result in critical network situations depending on various parameters. These impacts may vary based on market penetration, the energy demand, the plug-in time, the charging rate, and the grid topology and the associated operational equipment. Hence, the impact of electric vehicles (EVs) on the power grid was analysed for twelve typical German low voltage grids by applying power flow calculations. One main result was that thermal and voltage-related network overloads were highly dependent on market penetration and grid topology.

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