scholarly journals Water flow regulator for irrigation canals

2021 ◽  
Vol 264 ◽  
pp. 03038
Author(s):  
Dmitry Benin ◽  
Vera Snezhko
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Outlet Section ◽  
Irrigation Canals ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Jet Pumps ◽  
Significant Length ◽  
Physical Elements ◽  
Injection Effect

A distinctive feature of the irrigated systems of the Russian Federation is a large area of irrigated areas and a significant length of irrigation canals. With a large area of the irrigated massif on small canals, the use of electricity to regulate the throughput of network hydraulic structures is economically ineffective. Preference is given to means of hydraulic automation of water supply. Regulation of the throughput of a hydraulic structure is based on the laws of fluid flow within it. On irrigation canals in Russia, as in world practice, water-operated gates are widely used. One of the disadvantages of such gates is moving metal parts and sensors, which reduce the operational reliability of structures. A new regulator of throughput is proposed, the action of which is based on the injection effect. Compression of the flow by physical elements was replaced by the circulation of surplus water supply between the outlet section of the water supply structure and the downstream. The regulator is built into the pressure drop between the high and low order channels. Regulating the throughput of the tubular water outlet automatically begins after shutting down one or more sprinklers that take water from the lower order canal. After turning the sprinklers into operation, the regulator automatically restores the original throughput. Using the theory of jet pumps, a new method has been developed for the theoretical determination of the main hydraulic characteristics of the regulator. These include the size of the nozzle and the velocities of the injection and injection streams. The derivation of theoretical dependencies was based on the classical equations of fluid mechanics; the flow within the structure was considered quasi-one-dimensional. The obtained calculated dependencies were verified using numerical and physical modeling. The data of the physical and numerical experiment were in good agreement with the theoretical dependences. Further optimization of the controller can be performed by changing its geometric parameters.

DETERMINATION OF THE TYPE OF A SINGLE-USE GRENADE LAUNCHER BASED ON ITS COMPOSITE PARTS AND FRAGMENTS OF REACTIVE GRENADE FOUND AT THE PLACE OF ACCIDENT

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 245-252
Author(s):  
V. V. Somov
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Outlet Section ◽  
Technical Expertise ◽  
Jet Engine ◽  
Size Ofthe ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Nozzle Block ◽  
Considerable Damage

In carrying out an investigation into the explosion, among others, the investigative version of the use of a single-use reactive grenade launcher is being considered. The most common for criminal explosions are applied grenade launchers RPG-18, RPG-22, RPG-26. Their use is due to a number of such properties as small size and weight, which makes it possible to transfer them covertly, the range of the shot significantly exceeding the range of the hand grenade throw, the high detonating effect of the rocket grenade explosion. The single-use rocket launchers are generally of the same design. Their differences are in the features of the components construction and dimensional characteristics, which are given in the article. On the basis of expert practice, details ofgrenade launchers that remain at the site of the explosion and have the least damage are determined. These details are the objects of investigation of the explosion technical expertise. These objects include launchers of grenade launchers and rocket parts ofjet grenades. The design features of the launchers, their dimensional characteristics and marking symbols make it possible to determine their belonging to a specific type of jet grenade launchers. Missile parts of jet grenades differ in the form of the combustion chamber of the jet engine, nozzle, in the size ofthe outlet section of the nozzle, in the form and size of the stabilizerfeathers. To determine the belonging of the rocket part of the grenade to a specific type ofjet grenade launcher, it’s necessary to establish a set of structural features and dimensional characteristics. At considerable damage of the combustion chamber of the jet engine, as a rule, the nozzle block remains intact that allows to define diameter of critical section of a nozzle, and on it to establish type of the used single-use grenade launcher.

Determination of design capacity for water transmission systems based on the characteristics of regional peak factors

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
I.-H. Hyun ◽  
S. Dockko ◽  
C.-I. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Transmission Systems ◽  
Design Capacity ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Peak Factor ◽  
Water Transmission

The design capacity of a water supply can be derived from the peak factor. In this research, four different methods were used to determine the peak factor more precisely. Applying Method 1 could result in the design capacity being underestimated, by designing the lower part of the pipeline to apply the peak factor to the whole area. Applying Method 2 could overestimate it by 10–30% in the upper part of the pipeline by dividing the sum of the regional peak factors according to the ratio of peak day demand to the region. Applying Method 3 underestimates the design capacity in small areas, while it could overestimate it in large areas. Finally, Method 4 gives optimum results for the peak factor for estimating the design capacity.

scholarly journals Determination of the Irrigation Water Supply Services Cost

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Water Charges ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Organizational Mechanisms

The article summarizes and analyzes experience in irrigation water charges fixation. Many countries of the world with developed irrigation systems face problems of lack or inadequacy of financial resources to maintain these systems in an efficient state. There is the necessity to find effective financial and organizational mechanisms to address these problems. The purpose of this article is to summarize and analyse the experience of setting fees for the supply of water for irrigation in various socio-economic conditions and to find out possibilities of improving systems of payment collection for the provision of irrigation services and in particular, for irrigation water supply. The analysis is based on a wide range of conditions specific for both developing and developed countries. In addition, the article attempts to assess the experience of using the amount of payment for irrigation water as an incentive for cost recovery to achieve financial sustainability and demand management for the efficient use of water resources. Quotas, water markets, subsidies, as well as information/educational problems have been considered as incentives of water resources demand management. We have considered special features of the tariffs formation in the Central Asia countries. The study has demonstrated that the two-stake tariff implementation will enable to compensate the irrigation services expenses at the level acceptable for water users in case of cultivation of crops generating an adequate income for the tariff’s financing.

Determination of radioactivity level of water supply network in Trabzon province, Turkey

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Belgin Küçükömeroğlu ◽  
Ayşegül Şen ◽  
Selcen Uzun Duran ◽  
Ali Çiriş ◽  
Halim Taskin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Supply Network ◽  
Water Supply Network ◽  
Radioactivity Level

scholarly journals Improving of the quality and reliability of water supply systems on the basis of modern information and computing technologies

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 04003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandr V. Alekseev
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Mode Analysis ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Common Information ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Common Information Space ◽  
Hydraulic Conditions ◽  
Supply Systems

The article deals with the issues of increasing the reliability and quality of water supply systems operation on the basis of modern methods and software complexes for the analysis and development of hydraulic conditions. Against the backdrop of the analysis of the literature on the problem of reliability, the relevance and insufficiency of attention to maintaining the required level of reliability at the stage of water supply systems operation are revealed. The main factors that affect on operational reliability are considered. These factors are largely associated with the competent organization of operating conditions of water supply systems. A brief description of the «Angara-WS» computer program for solving the problems of analyzing and developing of hydraulic conditions, as well as the experience of its practical application, is given. A special feature of this complex is its universality, the possibility of multilevel representation of models, the execution of one-and multi-level calculations, integration into a common information space of the enterprise, automation of the processes of mode analysis, accumulation and analysis of damage statistics.

Determination of image sharpness parameters of graphic art films using large-area densitometry

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
A.E. Saunders ◽  
D.H. Armitage ◽  
H.M. Graves
Keyword(s):  
Image Sharpness ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Graphic Art

Study on the planarization behaviour of copper CMP utilizing a dense pattern and a global step

2005 ◽  
Vol 867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilo Bormann ◽  
Johann W. Bartha
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Constant Density ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Contour Evolution ◽  
Copper Cmp ◽  
To Come ◽  
Dense Pattern

AbstractThe major aim of CMP is not the removal of excess material but the planarization of the surface. Therefore the determination of the planarization length appears to be more important than the removal rate itself. It has been shown, that the planarization length is not a constant process parameter, but is related to the removal respectively to the polish time in a square root behaviour. Founded on models proposed by Boning, Ouma, et. al. we applied a sequential polish on a single quasi infinite step. The resulting profile could be simulated by a sequential convolution of the surface contour with a Gaussian transfer function.To come closer to the situation on a chip pattern we investigated the planarization behaviour on a specific pattern of the MIT854AZ copper CMP test chip, where a large area of unpatterned surface touches a pattern with a specific constant density.The 200 mm wafer samples consisted of RIE structured oxide films covered with 850 nm ECD copper. The polish was performed on a standard semiconductor manufacturing tool, using a commercial consumables set. The surface profiles were determined by a high resolution profiler within the polishing sequence. The densely patterned areas are removed within a certain polishing time while the transition point between the unpatterned and patterned area appears as a global step. The deposited copper thickness is sufficient to study the contour evolution in both phases, before and after removal of the dense pattern. The paper presents the experimental results on the contour evolution for the patterned fields as well as the global step.

scholarly journals Construction reorganization as a type of high-rise construction and environmental protection

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 02010
Author(s):  
Robert Avetisyan ◽  
Muhammad Khalil ◽  
Natalya Galaeva ◽  
Ruben Kazaryan
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Industrial Building ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Functional Zone ◽  
Integrated Performance

Construction reorganization, as a type of high-rise construction is part of a basic reorganization cycle in which four phases (phases, states, technological redistribution) are consistently implemented: device, disorganization, reorganization and co-organization. Loft style methodology: the integrated performance indicator organizational and technological operational reliability (OTOR) of the Loft room, which is determined with the help of stellar infographic models, makes it possible to prove arguably the necessity or absence of the need to reorganize the former industrial building. The assessment of the functional zone of the level of the OTOR indicators in the system of the infographic model, in which the number of axes emanating from the point “zero”, corresponds to the number of parameters characterizing a specific functional zone. Valuation parameters are ranked in accordance with their tendency towards centripetal and centrifugal. The field of our research lies in the phase of reconstruction. The determination of the level of OTOR of one functional zone is formed by the construction of two infographic star-shaped models, one of which is constructed by centripetal indicators, and the other by centrifugal indicators.

scholarly journals Early determination of toxicant concentration in water supply using MHE

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 3252-3260 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ibrahim ◽  
B. Huang ◽  
J. Xing ◽  
S. Gabos
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Toxicant Concentration
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