scholarly journals Relationship between Economy and Environment of the Natural Rubber Plantation in Major Producers

2021 ◽  
Vol 305 ◽  
pp. 05001
Author(s):  
Yahya Shafiyuddin Hilmi ◽  
Nurul Amri Komarudin ◽  
Elsera Br Tarigan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Rubber Plantation ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Rubber Production ◽  
Economy Growth ◽  
Synthetic Fertilizer ◽  
Cultivation Process ◽  
The Relationship

Thailand, Indonesia, Viet Nam, and India are the major natural rubber producers to date. Natural rubber has become one of the largest export commodities in these countries. It creates job opportunities for the smallholders as well as contributes to the national economy growth. However, a large-scale of natural rubber plantation results in environmental issues such as the nitrous oxide (N2O) emission which is obtained from the use of synthetic fertilizer during the cultivation process. The postulate of Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) was employed to examine the relationship between economy and environment from the natural rubber plantation in major producers using secondary data ranging from 2005 to 2018. Therefore, the N2O emission in which represents environmental degradation was regressed with the value of natural rubber production as the proxy for the economy growth using a fixed effect model on the panel data regression analysis. Results show that there is an inverted U-shape curve from the relationship between the N2O emissions and the value of natural rubber production. Hence, this study supports the postulate of EKC’s hypothesis. In addition, results found that the average value of natural rubber production from major producers was not yet reached the turning point of EKC. Some suggestions were made in order to increase the productivity while maintaining yet reducing the emission obtained from the use of synthetic fertilizer during cultivation process.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DAN KETIMPANGAN DISTRIBUSI PENDAPATAN PROVINSI BALI

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-344
Author(s):  
Rendi Kurniawan ◽  
Syamsul Huda
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Calculation Result ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Typology Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Index Calculation

This study aims to determine the Regency / City Classification in Bali Province based on the Klassen Typology, the condition of income distribution inequality between districts / cities, the relationship between income distribution inequality with per capita income, and whether the relationship forms the U-Reverse Kuznets Curve. This research is an analysis of secondary data obtained from BPS Bali Province. The analytical model used is Klassen Typology analysis, Williamson Index, Product Moment Correlation (Pearson). Klassen's Typology Results, Badung Regency and Denpasar City are included in Quadrant I area, Gianyar Regency is included in Quadrant III area, and the remaining 6 Regencies are included in Quadrant IV area. Furthermore, the Williamson Index Calculation in the Year of Observation shows that there is an imbalance in the Province of Bali which shows a downward trend. While the calculation result of Product Moment Correlation (Pearson) shows a very strong relationship between the Williamson Index and the Per capita GRDP and is negative, but the relationship does not form the Kuznets Curve to be a U-Reverse letter.

scholarly journals Analysis of Production Factors for The Rubber Smallholder Sector in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-99
Author(s):  
Norlee Ramli ◽  
Oswatun Samat ◽  
Mohd Khairi Ismail ◽  
Nor Shuhada Ahmad Shaupi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Rubber Plantation ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Total Contribution ◽  
Rubber Production ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Production Factors

The production of natural rubber in Malaysia is primarily dominated by smallholders representing almost 95% of the total rubber plantation, while commercial estates constitute the remainder. The natural rubber industry is an integral part of the Malaysian economy, with 2.6% of with the total contribution of exports valued at more than RM20 billion annually. Therefore, the three key inputs that affect the productivity of smallholders in all states throughout Malaysia should be critically explored There is limited literature on the production of rubber by smallholders. The labour consumption, land area and adherence to agronomic practices are the main inputs and variables in this study. The Ordinary Least Square (OLS) was used to analyse the correlation of each input with rubber production by referring to the concept of the production function. The results discovered that 96% of rubber production yields are explained by independent variables consisting of labour, plantation area, weeding and cultivating activities. Furthermore, the total plantation area and adherence to agronomic practices positively affect total rubber production, while inefficient use of labor negatively affects total rubber production    

scholarly journals Environmental Degradation and Nigeria’s Macroeconomic Space

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozoemena Stanley Nwodo ◽  
Jude Onyekachi Ozor ◽  
Udoka Ede Okekpa ◽  
Victoria Chinonso Agu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Macroeconomic Variables ◽  
Development Indicator ◽  
World Development Indicator ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
World Development

The fear for the future of human existence on this planet has made it necessary to pay special attention to studies that are related to the environment. In view of this, this study attempts to re-examine the environmental Kuznets curve in the midst of selected macroeconomic variables in Nigeria. The study estimated the relationship between carbon dioxide emission and some selected macroeconomic variables such as energy consumption (proxied by energy price); gross domestic product; population density; trade openness; ratio of manufacturing as a share of GDP and foreign direct investment using the ARDL model. With the adoption of secondary data for the period of 1981 to 2016 obtained from the world development indicator, the findings validated an N-shaped relationship between economic growth and the pollution in Nigeria in the midst of other Macroeconomic variables and based on this, it was recommended among others the building of a strong and effective environmental regulatory framework for the Nigerian economy and the adoption of clean technologies for the Nigerian economy

scholarly journals Implications of Tax Revenue on Economy Growth in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Weak Correlation ◽  
Economy Growth ◽  
Specific Objective ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Social Amenities ◽  
The Relationship

The paper examined the implications of tax revenue on economy growth in Nigeria. The specific objective of this study is to examine the relationship between tax revenue and gross domestic product in Nigeria. Simple Regression was used to achieve the objective of this study. Secondary data will be sourced from International Monetary Fund’s Government Finance Statistics. It was revealed that there was a weak correlation between dependent and independent variable. It was also discovered that there was no significant relationship between tax revenue and gross domestic product in Nigeria. The study therefore recommends that Government should formulate policies that will minimize the volume of tax leakages in order to increase total tax revenue that will contribute positively to economic growth in Nigeria. The study also recommends that Government should always make sure that tax revenue is spent on social amenities and welfares of the Nigerian citizens.

Research on the Relationship between Economic Development and Environmental Quality Based on Environmental Kuznets Curve

2011 ◽  
Vol 281 ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Jin Ying Li ◽  
Ya Jun Wei ◽  
Peng Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Ekc Hypothesis ◽  
Environment Quality ◽  
Economy Growth ◽  
The Relationship

With economy growth and industrialization, resources and environmental issues become seriously increasingly. People argue about that economy growth is whether the reason for environmental issues or the dynamic of resolving environmental issues. This argue give rise to the research upsurge of the relation of environment and economy. Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis is the most typical among those. EKC is applied to analyze the relationship between economic growth and the changes of environment quality, it aims to provide a scientific reference for the decision-making policies of relevant department.

scholarly journals Emerging Markets and Internationalization of Retail: The Case of BRIC Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-500
Author(s):  
Svetlana Sokolov Mladenović ◽  
Igor Mladenović ◽  
Marija Petrović Ranđelović
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Professional Community ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Bric Countries ◽  
Simple Regression Model ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between the emerging markets and retail internationalization, with a special focus on the markets of Brazil, Russia, India and China, also known as BRIC countries. The paper relies on the fact that the emerging markets, especially the markets of BRIC countries, have recently attracted an increasing attention of the scientific and professional community, as well as international retail companies. After the economic crisis in 2008, the internationalization of retail, as a key business strategy, is changing its direction and form, in order to focus on the emerging markets. Based on the available secondary data sources considering the operations of the largest international retail companies and the attractiveness of the emerging market from 2014 to 2018, we test the hypotheses set in this research. One of the key hypotheses is that a certain number of international retail companies present on the BRIC country market is determined by its ranking on the list of the most attractive markets. We test this hypothesis by constructing a simple regression model for each country individually. Another key hypothesis is that the ranking of a BRIC country on the list of the most attractive markets is the result of various factors. We test this hypothesis using the method of descriptive statistics for each country individually. The obtained research results have economic validity and they fill a scientific niche in the research of the relationship between the attractiveness of the BRIC market and the internationalization of retail. In addition, the obtained results represent the basis for further research of this issue, given the large-scale changes caused by the global coronavirus pandemic.

scholarly journals Contribution to Natural Rubber Production without Exogenous Hormonal Stimulation

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-44
Author(s):  
Obouayeba Samuel ◽  
Diarrassouba Moussa ◽  
Konan Djézou ◽  
Obouayeba Abba Pacôme ◽  
Soumahin Eric Francis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Activation Mechanism ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Hormonal Stimulation ◽  
Rubber Production ◽  
Unstimulated Control ◽  
Statistical Designs

Rubber production and especially its increase absolutely depend on the activation of the latex-producing metabolism. Can the latex-producing metabolism activation mechanism developed by rubber tree lead to higher yield without exogenous hormonal stimulation? In order to verify this decisive hypothesis, several works, carried out for nine years in Southern Côte d’Ivoire, were conducted on some 15 clones (IRCA 18, IRCA 209, IRCA 111, IRCA 130, PB 235, PB 260, PB 280, PB 330, PB 310; GT 1, BPM 24, RRIC 100; PB 217 and PR 107) of the three metabolisms respectively, active, moderate and slow, with two main statistical designs. On a small scale, in a “one-tree plot” design, the same latex harvesting system, tapping in d4 with different hormonal stimulation regimes (0/y; 2/y; 4/y; 6/y; 8/y; 13/y; 18/y; 26/y, 39/y and 78/y), has been applied to all treatments. In a randomized complete block design, different tapping frequencies (d2, d3, d4, d5 and d6) and hormonal stimulation (0/y, 4/y, 8/y and 10/y) were applied. Whatever the stimulation regime, the average g.t-1.t-1 of the unstimulated control (56) of the active metabolism clones (PB 235, PB 310, IRCA 111 and IRCA 130) over 9 years was statistically the same order that of the stimulated patterns (54). The average g.t-1.t-1 of the control (60) was lower than that of the highest yielding stimulated patterns (67) of the clones (PB 330, PB 280, PB 260, IRCA 18 and IRCA 209). The average g.t-1.t-1of the unstimulated control (49) was significantly lower than that of the highest yielding stimulated treatment (57) of moderate metabolism clones (GT 1, BPM 24 and RRIC 100). The average g.t-1.t-1 of the unstimulated control (39) was significantly lower than that of the highest yielding stimulated treatment (70) of slow metabolism clones (PB 217 and PR 107). On a large scale and at tapping frequency (d2), the unstimulated latex harvesting system (d2 0/y) showed an average yield of (2341; 2266 and 1849 kg.ha-1.year-1 for the active, moderate and slow metabolisms, respectively) statistically comparable to those of the highest yielding tapping frequencies d3, d4, d5 and d6 all latex harvesting systems combined for the clones studied (2388; 2348 and 2256 kg.ha-1.year-1). These results show that it is possible to produce natural rubber without exogenous hormonal stimulation by judiciously playing on tapping intensity.

scholarly journals NETWORK INTERACTIONS OF GLOBAL SUPPLY CHAIN MEMBERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1593-1613
Author(s):  
Thi Diem Chau Le ◽  
Judit Oláh ◽  
Miklós Pakurár
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Information Sharing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
Global Supply Chain ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Supply Chain Structure ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Supply chain structure of global enterprises tend to develop dramatically. These lead to more difficulty for enterprises in managing and building information sharing systems. Thus, it is a necessary for enterprises to limit the scope of the information sharing system by selecting essential partners. The aims of this study are to quantify the cooperation of each supply chain member, and evaluate and visualize their effects in information sharing systems in order to support policymakers in making their decisions in supply chain management. The network analytical method in network science is applied to indicate the relationship between supply chain members and present a comprehensive supply chain visually. Moreover, Motor Corporation’s topology in Japan is used as a representation of global enterprise features to analyze the relationships between supply chain members. The data for Motor Corporation is secondary data which includes the number of suppliers, manufacturers, and dealers, and the interaction among them. Data is collected and verified from reputable websites such as www.marklines.com, or www.statista.com. As a result, this study contributes by applying a new method for not only determining the impact levels of supply chain members but also giving visual descriptions of impact levels on the large-scale information sharing system.

scholarly journals Implications of Tax Revenue on Economy Growth in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Samuel Olusegun James ◽  
Adewole Joseph Adeyinka ◽  
Idih Ogwu Emmanuel
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Weak Correlation ◽  
Economy Growth ◽  
Specific Objective ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Social Amenities ◽  
The Relationship

The paper examined the implications of tax revenue on economy growth in Nigeria. The specific objective of this study is to examine the relationship between tax revenue and gross domestic product in Nigeria. Simple Regression was used to achieve the objective of this study. Secondary data will be sourced from International Monetary Fund’s Government Finance Statistics. It was revealed that there was a weak correlation between dependent and independent variable. It was also discovered that there was no significant relationship between tax revenue and gross domestic product in Nigeria.  The study therefore recommends that Government should formulate policies that will minimize the volume of tax leakages in order to increase total tax revenue that will contribute positively to economic growth in Nigeria. The study also recommends that Government should always make sure that tax revenue is spent on social amenities and welfares of the Nigerian citizens.

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