Impact of Agricultural Input Supply on Agricultural Growth in Nigeria

Improving the production capacity of agriculture in Nigeria through agricultural input supply is an important policy goal in a country where agriculture represents an important sector in the economy. The agricultural sector provides livelihood to a significant portion of Nigerian population, especially in rural areas, where poverty is more pronounced. Thus, a growing agricultural sector contributes to both overall growth and poverty alleviation. The study specifically examined the effects of agricultural input supply on agricultural growth in Nigeria from 1990 to 2017. The objective of this study is to examine agricultural input supply in Nigeria and its implications on the growth of agricultural growth in Nigeria. The study used time series data covering 1986-2016 obtained from FAOSTAT, World Development Indicator and Central Bank of Nigeria data base. This study utilized Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to investigate the variables. The finding of the study shows that there is co-integration between the variables. The result of the study shows that gross capital formation and Fertilizer supply to agriculture were significant in influencing agricultural growth in Nigeria with coefficient values of (-0.002468), and (0.001506), with P- values of (0.0222) and (0.0171) respectively. Given the robust nature of the result, it is evident that agricultural input supply contributes in great measure to agricultural growth in Nigeria. The study then conclude that agricultural input is essential for the growth of agricultural sector in Nigeria and recommend that given the lean resources available to government, attention should be given to the inputs that contributes significantly to the growth of the sector.

Impact of Agricultural Input Supply on Agricultural Growth in Nigeria

Improving the production capacity of agriculture in Nigeria through agricultural input supply is an important policy goal in a country where agriculture represents an important sector in the economy. The agricultural sector provides livelihood to a significant portion of Nigerian population, especially in rural areas, where poverty is more pronounced. Thus, a growing agricultural sector contributes to both overall growth and poverty alleviation. The study specifically examined the effects of agricultural input supply on agricultural growth in Nigeria from 1990 to 2017. The objective of this study is to examine agricultural input supply in Nigeria and its implications on the growth of agricultural growth in Nigeria. The study used time series data covering 1986-2016 obtained from FAOSTAT, World Development Indicator and Central Bank of Nigeria data base. This study utilized Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to investigate the variables. The finding of the study shows that there is co-integration between the variables. The result of the study shows that gross capital formation and Fertilizer supply to agriculture were significant in influencing agricultural growth in Nigeria with coefficient values of (-0.002468), and (0.001506), with P-values of (0.0222) and (0.0171) respectively. Given the robust nature of the result, it is evident that agricultural input supply contributes in great measure to agricultural growth in Nigeria. The study then conclude that agricultural input is essential for the growth of agricultural sector in Nigeria and recommend that given the lean resources available to government, attention should be given to the inputs that contributes significantly to the growth of the sector.

IMPACT OF EXTERNAL DEBT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA

Following the rising spate of the debt profile of Nigeria and the fluctuating trend in her macroeconomic indicators, this study critically examined the impact of external debt on economic growth in Nigeria in the period, 1985 to 2019 by examining the causality between external debt stock and economic growth in Nigeria and identify the impact of external debt servicing on economic growth in Nigeria. The study employed the Harrod-Domar theory of economic growth and the Two-Gap model as theoretical framework to explain the impact of external debt on economic growth in Nigeria. The study made use of secondary data sourced from World Development Indicator 2019. Ordinary least square (OLS) technique was adopted for the regression analysis. The data were analyzed with the aid of e-view software (9th edition). The result showed that external debt has negative and insignificant impact on economic growth in Nigeria. Therefore, the study recommended the use of tax revenue to finance public deficit, encouragement of foreign direct investment and domestic investment through improvement in infrastructural facilities and an enabling environment devoid of political and economic instability. JEL: E32, E41, F33, F34, F43 <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0892/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Modeling Trade–Employment Elasticity Nexus: Evidence from India

The effect of trade on employment growth in India is a less-discussed issue in the international economics literature. Trade has increased the employment growth in India or not is still a debatable issue for many researchers. This study explores the impact of trade on India’s employment elasticity of growth using World development Indicator data of the World Bank and KLEMS database of India from 1982 to 2016. For this purpose, it has used the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model of cointegration. The result indicates that although the share of trade in the national gross domestic product (GDP) has grown, it has failed to increase employment elasticity in the country. It may occur primarily because of the high volume of Indian imports. The share of the service sector in GDP, inflation, and foreign direct investment (FDI) are other vital factors influencing the employment intensity. Therefore, based on the empirical findings, it is suggested that policymakers should focus more on export, specifically on labor-intensive export. It will undoubtedly help to improve the employment level in the country.

Effectiveness of Monetary Policy Transmission Mechanism in an Implicit Inflation Targeting Regime: The Case of Nigeria.

The study examines the effectiveness of the monetary policy transmission mechanism in Nigeria by estimating a sticky-price DSGE model using the Bayesian estimation approach. This study is important given the implicit inflation targeting framework employed in the implementation of monetary policy in the country. The study employs quarterly data from 2000:1 to 2019:4 to estimate the two main categories of monetary policy frameworks, monetary aggregate and implicit inflation targeting, respectively. Data are sourced from World Development Indicator (online version). Empirical results show that the monetary policy transmission channels are effective in transmitting policy impulses to the economy within this regime. However, the monetary aggregate framework that is made explicit dampens the achievement of this framework. The study, therefore, concludes that inflation targeting should be made explicit in the country in other to reap the benefits embedded in the framework.

ECONOMETRIC MODELLING OF THE CONSUMPTION OF ELECTRICITY IN GHANA WHEN STRUCTURAL BREAKS EXIST

The research modelled electricity consumption for Ghana using annual data for the period 1971-2011, obtained from world development indicator. The research adopts the Gregory and Hansen model of cointegration for the estimation in the presence of structural breaks. The results reveal stable short run and long-run relationships among the explanatory variables and electricity consumption. The findings suggest that financial development explain electricity consumption in Ghana both in the short run and in the long run. The other variables (trade openness, price, and income) in the estimated model do not significantly explain electricity consumption. Therefore, they are not reliable policy variables in managing electricity consumption.

DOES HEALTH AID REDUCE HIV/AIDS PREVALENCE IN NIGERIA?

There has been influx of official development assistance (foreign aid) into the health sector in Nigeria but little or nothing is known about the impact of such funds on specific health outcomes in Nigeria. Given the economic implication of HIV/AIDS, this study therefore assessed the effect of health aid on the prevalence of the HIV/AIDS in Nigeria. Relevant data spanning 1990 to 2017were sourced from World Development Indicator (WDI) and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) database and analyzed within the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) framework. Model estimation results revealed that health aid had no significant effect on HIV prevalence in the country. Effective utilization of health aid was advocated in order to reduce the HIV prevalence rate thereby reducing the accompanying burden on the people and the economy.

Macroeconomic Determinants of Brain Drain in the Era of Globalization: Evidence from Pakistan

The Brain Drain (BD) is a cynosure of all the eyes because it has become a grave issue for Pakistan. Every year, thousands of students graduate from colleges and universities. Our markets cannot accommodate such a huge number of graduates so; these people prefer to migrate to other parts of the world. This paper attempts to investigate the factors affecting brain drain in Pakistan by utilizing the data for 1990 to 2018. Indices of variables are constructed in this study to measure the potential of factors causing migration from Pakistan to other developed economies. Secondary data has been taken from the World Development Indicator (WDI) and the Bureau of Emigration and Overseas Employment (BEOE). This study finds that in long run governance, financial stability, the standard of living, and infrastructure have a negative and significant impact on the dependent variable (Brain drain). Social openness does not show a significant impact on brain drain in the long run. This study concludes that brain drain in developing nations is a serious matter and it should be addressed on a priority basis. This study helps policymakers to develop policies to reduce the migration of highly skilled labour.

The Influence of Tax Revenue, Government Expenditures, Fiscal Decentralization, Carbon Emission and Exports on Economic Growth of Developing Countries

Nowadays, the achievement of high economic growth is a significant task for every country around the globe and also gain the attention of the researchers. Therefore, the present study purpose is to examine the role of tax revenue, government expenditures, fiscal decentralization, carbon emission and exports on the economic growth of developing countries. The data has been gathered from the World Development Indicator (WDI) for the year 2008-2019 from fifteen emerging developing countries around the globe. The present study executed the robust standard error and generalized method of moment (GMM) to check the association among the tax revenue, government expenditures, fiscal decentralization, carbon emission, exports and economic growth of developing countries. The results revealed that all the predictors such as tax revenue, government expenditures, fiscal decentralization, carbon emission and exports have positive nexus with the economic growth of developing countries. These outcomes are helpful for the regulators of the developing countries that they should focus on foremost factors that could enhance the economic growth of the country.

Rising Government Expenditures and Standard of Living in Nigeria: An Ardl Bound Test Approach

This study investigated the nexus between standard of living proxy by per capital income (PCI) and the rising four components of capital and recurrent expenditure namely: Administration (ADM), Economic Services (ECS), Social and Community Services (SCS), and Transfer Payments (TRP). The study used data from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, 2018 and World Development Indicator, 2018 for the period 1981–2018, using Autoregressive Distributed Lagged (ARDL) Bound Test Approach. The study found that rising government expenditures on these four components of both capital and recurrent spending were negatively and insignificantly related to PCI, those that were positively related were also insignificant, indicating low standard of living of Nigerians during the period of study. We concluded that government expenditure did not improve the standard of living of Nigerians significantly. The study recommended that political officers should always ensure integrity and accountability in handling public funds.JEL CLASSIFICATION: F31, C01, C13, C32, C51