scholarly journals Air Shower Detection by Arrays of Radio Antennas

2019 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 15001
Author(s):  
Frank G. Schröder
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Nucl Phys ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Atmospheric Particle ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Radio Detection ◽  
Shower Maximum

Antenna arrays are beginning to make important contributions to high energy astroparticle physics supported by recent progress in the radio technique for air showers. This article provides an update to my more extensive review published in Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 93 (2017) 1. It focuses on current and planned radio arrays for atmospheric particle cascades, and briefly references to a number of evolving prototype experiments in other media, such as ice. While becoming a standard technique for cosmic-ray nuclei today, in future radio detection may drive the field for all type of primary messengers at PeV and EeV energies, including photons and neutrinos. In cosmic-ray physics accuracy becomes increasingly important in addition to high statistics. Various antenna arrays have demonstrated that they can compete in accuracy for the arrival direction, energy and position of the shower maximum with traditional techniques. The combination of antennas and particles detectors in one array is a straightforward way to push the total accuracy for high-energy cosmic rays for low additional cost. In particular the combination of radio and muon detectors will not only enhance the accuracy for the cosmic-ray mass composition, but also increase the gamma-hadron separation and facilitate the search for PeV and EeV photons. Finally, the radio technique can be scaled to large areas providing the huge apertures needed for ultra-high-energy neutrino astronomy.

ULTRA HIGH ENERGY COSMIC RAYS WITH THE PIERRE AUGER OBSERVATORY

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 221-229
Author(s):  
◽  
J. R. T. DE MELLO NETO
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Pierre Auger Observatory ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
The Status ◽  
Shower Maximum

We present the status and the recent measurements from the Pierre Auger Observatory. The energy spectrum is described and its features discussed. We report searches for anisotropy of cosmic rays arrival directions in large scales and through correlation with catalogues of celestial objects. The measurement of the cross section proton-air is discussed. Finally, the mass composition is addressed with the measurements of the variation of the depth of shower maximum with energy and with the muon density at ground.

scholarly journals Methods to measure the cosmic-ray composition with the Auger Engineering Radio Array

2019 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 02004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizia Canfora
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Atmospheric Depth ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Radio Stations ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Number Of Particles

The mass composition of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays plays a key role in the understanding of the origins ofthese rare particles. A composition-sensitive observable is the atmospheric depth at which the air shower reaches the maximum number of particles (Xmax). The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) detects the radio emission inthe 30-80 MHz frequency band from extensive air showers with energies larger than 1017 eV. It consists of more than 150 autonomous radio stations covering an area of about 17 km2. From the distribution of signals measured by the antennas, it is possible to estimate Xmax. In this contribution three independent methods for the estimation of Xmax will be presented.

scholarly journals CODALEMA: A COSMIC RAY AIR SHOWER RADIO DETECTION EXPERIMENT

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (supp01) ◽  
pp. 192-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. ARDOUIN ◽  
A. BELLETOILE ◽  
D. CHARRIER ◽  
R. DALLIER ◽  
L. DENIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Detection Experiment ◽  
Transient Signals ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Radio Detection

The CODALEMA experimental device currently detects and characterizes the radio contribution of cosmic ray air showers : arrival directions and electric field topologies of radio transient signals associated to cosmic rays are extracted from the antenna signals. The measured rate, about 1 event per day, corresponds to an energy threshold around 5.1016eV. These results allow to determine the perspectives offered by the present experimental design for radiodetection of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays at a larger scale.

scholarly journals Observation of ultra-high energy cosmic rays with the Telescope Array experiment

2018 ◽  
Vol 182 ◽  
pp. 02122
Author(s):  
Ryuji Takeishi
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Telescope Array ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Fluorescence Light ◽  
Hybrid Detector

The origin of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) has been a longstanding mystery. The Telescope Array (TA) is the largest experiment in the northern hemisphere observing UHECR in Utah, USA. It aims to reveal the origin of UHECR by studying the energy spectrum, mass composition and anisotropy of cosmic rays. TA is a hybrid detector comprised of three air fluorescence stations which measure the fluorescence light induced from cosmic ray extensive air showers, and 507 surface scintillator counters which sample charged particles from air showers on the ground. We present the cosmic ray spectrum observed with the TA experiment. We also discuss our results from measurement of the mass composition. In addition, we present the results from the analysis of anisotropy, including the excess of observed events in a region of the northern sky at the highest energy. Finally, we introduce the TAx4 experiment which quadruples TA, and the TA low energy extension (TALE) experiment.

scholarly journals Simulation study on the effects of diffractive collisions on the prediction of the observables in ultra-high-energy cosmic ray experiments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Ohashi ◽  
Hiroaki Menjo ◽  
Yoshitaka Itow ◽  
Takashi Sako ◽  
Katsuaki Kasahara
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Hadronic Interaction ◽  
Open Problems ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Mass Dependent

Abstract The mass composition of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays is important for understanding their origin. Owing to our limited knowledge of the hadronic interaction, the interpretations of the mass composition from observations include several open problems, such as the inconsistent interpretations of ⟨Xmax⟩ and ⟨Xμmax⟩. Futhermore, the large difference between the predictions exists by the hadronic interaction models. Diffractive collision is one of the proposed sources of the uncertainty. In this paper, we discuss the effect of the detailed characteristics of diffractive collisions to the observables of ultra-high-energy cosmic-ray experiments, focusing on three detailed characteristics. These are the cross-sectional fractions of different collision types, diffractive-mass spectrum, and diffractive-mass-dependent particle productions from the diffractive dissociation system. We demonstrated that the current level of the uncertainty in the cross-sectional fraction can affect 8.9 g/cm2 of ⟨Xmax⟩ and 9.4 g/cm2 of ⟨Xμmax⟩, whereas the other details of the diffractive collisions exhibit relatively minor effects.

scholarly journals Radio interferometry applied to the observation of cosmic-ray induced extensive air showers

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harm Schoorlemmer ◽  
Washington R. Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Extensive Air Showers ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Interferometric Technique ◽  
Radio Detection ◽  
Cosmic Particle ◽  
Shower Maximum

AbstractWe developed a radio interferometric technique for the observation of extensive air showers initiated by cosmic particles. In this proof-of-principle study we show that properties of extensive air showers can be derived with high accuracy in a straightforward manner. When time synchronisation below $$\sim $$ ∼ 1 ns between different receivers can be achieved, direction reconstruction resolution of $$< 0.2^\circ $$ < 0 . 2 ∘ and resolution on the depth of shower maximum of $$<10$$ < 10  g/cm$$^2$$ 2 are obtained over the full parameter range studied, with even higher accuracy for inclined incoming directions. In addition, by applying the developed method to dense arrays of radio antennas, the energy threshold for the radio detection of extensive air showers can be significantly lowered. The proposed method can be incorporated in operational and future cosmic particle observatories and with its high accuracy it has the potential to play a crucial role in unravelling the composition of the ultra-high-energy cosmic-particle flux.

scholarly journals THE AUGER ENGINEERING RADIO ARRAY

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (A) ◽  
pp. 825-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Weidenhaupt
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Radio Emission ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Pierre Auger Observatory ◽  
Polarization Analysis ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Radio Detection ◽  
Unique Site

The Auger Engineering Radio Array currently measures MHz radio emission from extensive air showers induced by high energy cosmic rays with 24 self-triggered radio detector stations. Its unique site, embedded into the baseline detectors and extensions of the Pierre Auger Observatory, allows to study air showers in great detail and to calibrate the radio emission. In its final stage AERA will expand to an area of approximately 20km<sup>2</sup> to explore the feasibility of the radio-detection technique for future cosmic-ray detectors. The concept and hardware design of AERA as well as strategies to enable self-triggered radio detection are presented. Radio emission mechanisms are discussed based on polarization analysis of the first AERA data.

scholarly journals High energy cosmic ray interactions and UHECR composition problem

2019 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
Sergey Ostapchenko
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Hadronic Interactions ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray Interactions ◽  
Composition Problem

The differences between contemporary Monte Carlo generators of high energy hadronic interactions are discussed and their impact on the interpretation of experimental data on ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) is studied. Key directions for further model improvements are outlined. The prospect for a coherent interpretation of the data in terms of the UHECR composition is investigated.

Energy spectrum and mass composition of high-energy cosmic rays

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 1145-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Haungs ◽  
Heinigerd Rebel ◽  
Markus Roth
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays
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